scholarly journals Rare Branched Fatty Acids Characterize the Lipid Composition of the Intra-Aerobic Methane Oxidizer “Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera”

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 8650-8656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien M. Kool ◽  
Baoli Zhu ◽  
W. Irene C. Rijpstra ◽  
Mike S. M. Jetten ◽  
Katharina F. Ettwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Branched Fatty Acids ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Methane Oxidizer

ABSTRACTThe recently described bacterium “CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera” couples the oxidation of the important greenhouse gas methane to the reduction of nitrite. The ecological significance of “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera” is still underexplored, as our ability to identify the presence of this bacterium is thus far limited to DNA-based techniques. Here, we investigated the lipid composition of “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera” to identify new, gene-independent biomarkers for the environmental detection of this bacterium. Multiple “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera” enrichment cultures were investigated. In all cultures, the lipid profile was dominated up to 46% by the fatty acid (FA) 10-methylhexadecanoic acid (10MeC16:0). Furthermore, a unique FA was identified that has not been reported elsewhere: the monounsaturated 10-methylhexadecenoic acid with a double bond at the Δ7 position (10MeC16:1Δ7), which comprised up to 10% of the total FA profile. We propose that the typical branched fatty acids 10MeC16:0and 10MeC16:1Δ7are key and characteristic components of the lipid profile of “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera.” The successful detection of these fatty acids in a peatland from which one of the enrichment cultures originated supports the potential of these unique lipids as biomarkers for the process of nitrite-dependent methane oxidation in the environment.

The impact of dietary feta cheese and butter on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition in rat

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Khodadadi ◽  
Ali Heshmati ◽  
Manoochehr Karami
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Feta Cheese

Purpose Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common causes of death worldwide. Diets rich in saturated and trans-fatty acids are nutritional risk factors that foster the development of CVDs. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of dietary feta cheese and butter on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition. Design/methodology/approach In all, 24 Wistar rats (eight weeks old) were fed with balanced high fat diets (24 per cent fat) including canola (control group) and either cheese or butter (experimental groups) for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weights were determined, and the amount of food intake was calculated. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and lipid profile including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride as well as serum fatty acid composition were determined. Findings Consumption of the butter-based diet resulted in a significant increase in serum triglycerides (p < 0.05), whereas no substantial changes were observed in rats that received a cheese-based diet. The butter-based diet significantly increased serum total cholesterol and LDL-C (p < 0.05), whereas remarkably reduced HDL-C level. In contrast, cheese-based diet resulted in a magnificent increase in HDL-C and a significant decrease in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.05). Serum saturated fatty acids increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased by the consumption of butter, whereas the intake of cheese caused relatively minor alterations in serum fatty acid composition. Originality/value Butter lowered HDL-C and increased LDL-C, whereas cheese strongly enhanced HDL-C. Therefore, it can be concluded that cheese is a beneficially healthier dairy product than butter.

scholarly journals Med15B Regulates Acid Stress Response and Tolerance in Candida glabrata by Altering Membrane Lipid Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Qi ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jiayin Yu ◽  
Xiulai Chen ◽  
Liming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition

ABSTRACT Candida glabrata is a promising producer of organic acids. To elucidate the physiological function of the Mediator tail subunit Med15B in the response to low-pH stress, we constructed a deletion strain, C. glabrata med15BΔ, and an overexpression strain, C. glabrata HTUΔ/CgMED15B. Deletion of MED15B caused biomass production, glucose consumption rate, and cell viability to decrease by 28.3%, 31.7%, and 26.5%, respectively, compared with those of the parent (HTUΔ) strain at pH 2.0. Expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was significantly downregulated in the med15BΔ strain, whereas key genes of ergosterol biosynthesis showed abnormal upregulation. This caused the proportion of C18:1 fatty acids, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA), and the total phospholipid content to decrease by 11.6%, 27.4%, and 37.6%, respectively. Cells failed to synthesize fecosterol and ergosterol, leading to the accumulation and a 60.3-fold increase in the concentration of zymosterol. Additionally, cells showed reductions of 69.2%, 11.6%, and 21.8% in membrane integrity, fluidity, and H+-ATPase activity, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of Med15B increased the C18:1 levels, total phospholipids, ergosterol content, and UFA/SFA by 18.6%, 143.5%, 94.5%, and 18.7%, respectively. Membrane integrity, fluidity, and H+-ATPase activity also increased by 30.2%, 6.9%, and 51.8%, respectively. Furthermore, in the absence of pH buffering, dry weight of cells and pyruvate concentrations were 29.3% and 61.2% higher, respectively, than those of the parent strain. These results indicated that in C. glabrata, Med15B regulates tolerance toward low pH via transcriptional regulation of acid stress response genes and alteration in lipid composition. IMPORTANCE This study explored the role of the Mediator tail subunit Med15B in the metabolism of Candida glabrata under acidic conditions. Overexpression of MED15B enhanced yeast tolerance to low pH and improved biomass production, cell viability, and pyruvate yield. Membrane lipid composition data indicated that Med15B might play a critical role in membrane integrity, fluidity, and H+-ATPase activity homeostasis at low pH. Thus, controlling membrane composition may serve to increase C. glabrata productivity at low pH.

114 THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE FOLLICULAR FLUID ON DAY 6 POST-AI MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE GESTATIONAL SUCCESS IN NELORE COWS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
S. Scolari ◽  
F. L. D'Alexandri ◽  
M. Maturana ◽  
M. Binelli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Follicle Aspiration

The follicular fluid (FF) microenvironment consists of serum components and follicular cell secretions, which are essential for oocyte maturation, preparing it for fertilization. Although very important, the biochemical composition of the follicular fluid is still poorly characterised. The hypothesis is that the lipid composition of the follicular fluid on Day 6 post-artificial insemination (AI) is different between cows diagnosed as pregnant (P) or not pregnant (NP) on Day 30 post-AI. The objectives were to (1) evaluate the influence of follicle aspiration procedure performed on Day 6 post-AI on pregnancy rates and (2) characterize the lipid profile of the FF collected on Day 6 in pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) cows, in order to associate the amount of molecules in the FF with the probability of conception. Eighty-two multiparous Nelore cows, between 40 and 45 days post-partum and body condition score between 4 and 6 (1 to 9 scale) were used. Fixed-time AI was performed in all the animals and 6 days post-AI the animals were divided in control group, in which animals were not manipulated (CG, n = 41), and aspiration group (AG, n = 41) from which follicular fluid was aspirated from the largest follicle present in either one of the ovaries. The FF was centrifuged and stored at –80°C. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography 30 days post-AI. Results showed pregnancy rates of 53% for the AG and 56% for the CG, suggesting no detrimental effect of the follicle aspiration procedure on the success of pregnancy (Kruskal-Wallis test). A pool of the FF samples from the P and NP cows was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS), using the high-resolution shotgun lipidomics (HRSL) approach in order to compare the lipid profile between groups. Despite the fact that HRSL is not quantitative but qualitative, the general levels of the different lipid classes can be compared between groups of study and the differences in the abundance of the ions of each lipid class can be expressed as percentage. Taking this into account, in negative mode MS, the NP group showed an increase of 300% in the levels of free fatty acids such as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids compared to the P group as well as an increase of 50% in the levels of phospholipids and two new species of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine) could be observed. Furthermore, animals from the P group showed an increase of 130% in the content of structural fatty acids such as ceramids and triacylglycerols. Our findings suggest that there is a difference between the amount of lipid classes and in the lipid species origins present in the follicular fluid of cows that were P or NP on Day 30 post-AI.

scholarly journals Crz1p Regulates pH Homeostasis in Candida glabrata by Altering Membrane Lipid Composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (23) ◽  
pp. 6920-6929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongni Yan ◽  
Xiaobao Lin ◽  
Yanli Qi ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xiulai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Acidic Conditions

ABSTRACTThe asexual facultative aerobic haploid yeastCandida glabratais widely used in the industrial production of various organic acids. To elucidate the physiological function of theC. glabratatranscription factor Crz1p (CgCrz1p) and its role in tolerance to acid stress, we deleted or overexpressed the corresponding gene,CgCRZ1. Deletion ofCgCRZ1resulted in a 60% decrease in the dry weight of cells (DCW) and a 50% drop in cell viability compared with those of the wild type at pH 2.0. Expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes was also significantly downregulated. Consequently, the proportion of C18:1fatty acids, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, and the ergosterol content decreased by 30%, 46%, and 30%, respectively. Additionally, membrane integrity, fluidity, and H+-ATPase activity were reduced by 45%, 9%, and 50%, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of CgCrz1p increased C18:1and ergosterol contents by 16% and 40%, respectively. Overexpression also enhanced membrane integrity, fluidity, and H+-ATPase activity by 31%, 6%, and 20%, respectively. Moreover, in the absence of pH buffering, the DCW and pyruvate titers increased by 48% and 60%, respectively, compared to that of the wild type. Together, these results suggest that CgCrz1p regulates tolerance to acidic conditions by altering membrane lipid composition inC. glabrata.IMPORTANCEThis study provides insight into the metabolism ofCandida glabrataunder acidic conditions, such as those encountered during the industrial production of organic acids. We found that overexpression of the transcription factor CgCrz1p improved viability, biomass, and pyruvate yields at a low pH. Analysis of plasma membrane lipid composition indicated that CgCrz1p might play an important role in its integrity and fluidity and that it enhanced the pumping of protons in acidic environments. We propose that altering the structure of the cell membrane may provide a successful strategy for increasingC. glabrataproductivity at a low pH.

scholarly journals The Unexplored Potential of Edible Flowers Lipids

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Fernandes ◽  
Elsa Ramalhosa ◽  
José Pereira ◽  
Jorge Saraiva ◽  
Susana Casal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Good Source

Edible flowers have been historically linked to traditional world cuisine and culture. They are often used as ingredients in food and beverages for medicinal or pharmaceutical purposes. However, little attention has been paid to the quality of their lipids, and therefore to their potential for oil extraction and use in the food and food supplements industries. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the lipid composition of several edible flowers, including fat content, fatty acids, vitamin E, and carotenoids profiles. Edible flower lipids were found to be rich in linoleic (C18:2) and α-linolenic (C18:3) acids, which are essential fatty acids. Furthermore, most flowers are a good source of α-tocopherol and xanthophylls, such as lutein and zeaxanthin. This review provides valuable information on the lipid profile of some edible flowers in order to better characterize them and to increase their popularization among the food industry and consumers, boosting agriculture demand for these products.

scholarly journals Exogenous Fatty Acids Remodel Staphylococcus aureus Lipid Composition through Fatty Acid Kinase

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary DeMars ◽  
Vineet K. Singh ◽  
Jeffrey L. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus can utilize exogenous fatty acids for phospholipid synthesis. The fatty acid kinase FakA is essential for this utilization by phosphorylating exogenous fatty acids for incorporation into lipids. How FakA impacts the lipid membrane composition is unknown. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to determine the membrane lipid composition and properties of S. aureus in the absence of fakA. We found the fakA mutant to have increased abundance of lipids containing longer acyl chains. Since S. aureus does not synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, we utilized oleic acid (18:1) to track exogenous fatty acid incorporation into lipids. We observed a concentration-dependent incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into the membrane that required FakA. We also tested how FakA and exogenous fatty acids impact membrane-related physiology and identified changes in membrane potential, cellular respiration, and membrane fluidity. To mimic the host environment, we characterized the lipid composition of wild-type and fakA mutant bacteria grown in mouse skin homogenate. We show that wild-type S. aureus can incorporate exogenous unsaturated fatty acids from host tissue, highlighting the importance of FakA in the presence of host skin tissue. In conclusion, FakA is important for maintaining the composition and properties of the phospholipid membrane in the presence of exogenous fatty acids, impacting overall cell physiology. IMPORTANCE Environmental fatty acids can be harvested to supplement endogenous fatty acid synthesis to produce membranes and circumvent fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors. However, how the inability to use these fatty acids impacts lipids is unclear. Our results reveal lipid composition changes in response to fatty acid addition and when S. aureus is unable to activate fatty acids through FakA. We identify concentration-dependent utilization of oleic acid that, when combined with previous work, provides evidence that fatty acids can serve as a signal to S. aureus. Furthermore, using mouse skin homogenates as a surrogate for in vivo conditions, we showed that S. aureus can incorporate host fatty acids. This study highlights how exogenous fatty acids impact bacterial membrane composition and function.

scholarly journals Anaerobic 1-Alkene Metabolism by the Alkane- and Alkene-Degrading Sulfate Reducer Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans Strain CV2803T

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (24) ◽  
pp. 7882-7890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Grossi ◽  
Cristiana Cravo-Laureau ◽  
Alain Méou ◽  
Danielle Raphel ◽  
Frédéric Garzino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Branched Fatty Acids ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Fumarate Addition ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Methyl Branched Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The alkane- and alkene-degrading, marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain CV2803T, known to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically by fumarate addition at C-2, was investigated for its 1-alkene metabolism. The total cellular fatty acids of this strain were predominantly C-(even number) (C-even) when it was grown on C-even 1-alkenes and predominantly C-(odd number) (C-odd) when it was grown on C-odd 1-alkenes. Detailed analyses of those fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 6- to 10-week incubations allowed the identification of saturated 2- and 4-ethyl-, 2- and 4-methyl-, and monounsaturated 4-methyl-branched fatty acids with chain lengths that correlated with those of the 1-alkene. The growth of D. aliphaticivorans on (per)deuterated 1-alkenes provided direct evidence of the anaerobic transformation of these alkenes into the corresponding 1-alcohols and into linear as well as 10- and 4-methyl-branched fatty acids. Experiments performed with [13C]bicarbonate indicated that the initial activation of 1-alkene by the addition of inorganic carbon does not occur. These results demonstrate that D. aliphaticivorans metabolizes 1-alkene by the oxidation of the double bond at C-1 and by the subterminal addition of organic carbon at both ends of the molecule [C-2 and C-(ω-1)]. The detection of ethyl-branched fatty acids from unlabeled 1-alkenes further suggests that carbon addition also occurs at C-3. Alkylsuccinates were not observed as potential initial intermediates in alkene metabolism. Based on our observations, the first pathways for anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism in an anaerobic bacterium are proposed. Those pathways indicate that diverse initial reactions of 1-alkene activation can occur simultaneously in the same strain of sulfate-reducing bacterium.

scholarly journals Stereochemistry of the α-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids in rat liver

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Croes ◽  
Minne Casteels ◽  
Martine Dieuaide-Noubhani ◽  
Guy P. Mannaerts ◽  
Paul P. Van Veldhoven
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Branched Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Branched Fatty Acids
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