scholarly journals Production and Characterization of a Novel Bioflocculant from Bacillus licheniformis

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2778-2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyan Xiong ◽  
Yuanpeng Wang ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Qingbiao Li ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Average Mass

ABSTRACT A bacterium producing an extracellular bioflocculant was isolated from contaminated LB medium and identified as Bacillus licheniformis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and its biochemical/physiological characteristics. The optimum culture conditions for flocculant production were an initial medium pH of 7.2 and an inoculum size of 4% (vol/vol). The maximum flocculating activity (700 U/ml) was obtained after cultivation at 37°C for 48 h. Chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed that it was a proteoglycan composed of 89% carbohydrate and 11% protein (wt/wt). The mass ratio of neutral sugar, amino sugar, and uronic acid was measured at 7.9:4:1. Infrared spectrometry further indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups, typical of heteropolysaccharide. The average mass of the bioflocculant was calculated to be 1.76 × 106 Da. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the bioflocculant showed an irregular structure with netted texture. Its efficient flocculation capabilities suggest potential applications in industry.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Bioflocculant-Producing Bacteria from Activated Sludge of Vulindlela Wastewater Treatment Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-606
Author(s):  
Nkanyiso Celukuthula Nkosi ◽  
Albertus K. Basson ◽  
Zuzingcebo G. Ntombela ◽  
Tsolanku S. Maliehe ◽  
Rajasekhar V. S. R. Pullabhotla
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Optimal Medium

The low microbial flocculant yields and efficiencies limit their industrial applications. There is a need to identify bacteria with high bioflocculant production. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify a bioflocculant-producing bacterium from activated sludge wastewater and characterise its bioflocculant activity. The identification of the isolated bacterium was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The optimal medium composition (carbon and nitrogen sources, cations and inoculum size) and culture conditions (temperature, pH, shaking speed and time) were evaluated by the one-factor-at-a-time method. The morphology, functional groups, crystallinity and pyrolysis profile of the bioflocculant were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The bacterium was identified as Proteus mirabilis AB 932526.1. Its optimal medium and culture conditions were: sucrose (20 g/L), yeast extract (1.2 g/L), MnCl2 (1 g/L), pH 6, 30 °C, inoculation volume (3%), shaking speed (120 rpm) for 72 h of cultivation. SEM micrograph revealed the bioflocculant to be amorphous. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups. The bioflocculant was completely pyrolyzed at temperatures above 800 °C. The bacterium has potential to produce bioflocculant of industrial importance.

scholarly journals Alterations of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes patients during the second trimester of pregnancy in the Shanghai Han population

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Su ◽  
Hong-Kun Wang ◽  
Xu-Pei Gan ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Yan-Nan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Metabolic Hormone

Abstract Background The causes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still unclear. Recent studies have found that the imbalance of the gut microbiome could lead to disorders of human metabolism and immune system, resulting in GDM. This study aims to reveal the different gut compositions between GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women and find the relationship between gut microbiota and GDM. Methods Fecal microbiota profiles from women with GDM (n = 21) and normoglycemic women (n = 32) were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fasting metabolic hormone concentrations were measured using multiplex ELISA. Results Metabolic hormone levels, microbiome profiles, and inferred functional characteristics differed between women with GDM and healthy women. Additionally, four phyla and seven genera levels have different correlations with plasma glucose and insulin levels. Corynebacteriales (order), Nocardiaceae (family), Desulfovibrionaceae (family), Rhodococcus (genus), and Bacteroidetes (phylum) may be the taxonomic biomarkers of GDM. Microbial gene functions related to amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were found to be enriched in patients with GDM. Conclusion Our study indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome exists in patients with GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy, and gut microbiota might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GDM.

scholarly journals Association Between Oral Microbiota and Cigarette Smoking in the Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Jing Jia ◽  
Ying Liao ◽  
Yong-Qiao He ◽  
Mei-Qi Zheng ◽  
Xia-Ting Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Haemophilus Parainfluenzae ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The oral microbiota has been observed to be influenced by cigarette smoking and linked to several human diseases. However, research on the effect of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiota has not been systematically conducted in the Chinese population. We profiled the oral microbiota of 316 healthy subjects in the Chinese population by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The alpha diversity of oral microbiota was different between never smokers and smokers (P = 0.002). Several bacterial taxa were first reported to be associated with cigarette smoking by LEfSe analysis, including Moryella (q = 1.56E-04), Bulleidia (q = 1.65E-06), and Moraxella (q = 3.52E-02) at the genus level and Rothia dentocariosa (q = 1.55E-02), Prevotella melaninogenica (q = 8.48E-08), Prevotella pallens (q = 4.13E-03), Bulleidia moorei (q = 1.79E-06), Rothia aeria (q = 3.83E-06), Actinobacillus parahaemolyticus (q = 2.28E-04), and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (q = 4.82E-02) at the species level. Two nitrite-producing bacteria that can increase the acidity of the oral cavity, Actinomyces and Veillonella, were also enriched in smokers with FDR-adjusted q-values of 3.62E-06 and 1.10E-06, respectively. Notably, we observed that two acid production-related pathways, amino acid-related enzymes (q = 6.19E-05) and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (q = 2.63E-06), were increased in smokers by PICRUSt analysis. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that smoker-enriched bacteria were significantly positively associated with each other and were negatively correlated with the bacteria decreased in smokers. Our results suggested that cigarette smoking may affect oral health by creating a different environment by altering bacterial abundance, connections among oral microbiota, and the microbiota and their metabolic function.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Indigenous Bacteria from Fermented Almonds (Prunus dulcis)

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Salwa Nurhasanah ◽  
Edy Fachrial ◽  
Nyoman Ehrich Lister
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria

Aims: This study aims to isolate and identify the indigenous bacteria of almonds fermentation. Methods: Characterization of the indigeneous bacteria are using gram staining, biochemical tests, 16SrRNA gene sequencing, and the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. Results: Approximately 28 x 106 CFU / mL bacteria were obtained from almonds fermentations with 14 isolates from enrichment results. Three randomly selected isolates were gram-positive rod-shaped with a negative catalase and positive fermentation test. However, one isolate showed positive results on the motility test. The antimicrobial test results from the three randomly selected isolates using the disk diffusion method obtained inhibition zones of 7 mm, 6.7 mm, and 7 mm, respectively. Therefore, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, three different microorganisms were found, namely Bacillus subtilis strain IAM 12118, Bacillus Piscis strain 16MFT21, and Bacillus licheniformis strain BaDB27. Conclusion: It was found that Bacillus subtilis strain IAM 12118, Bacillus Piscis strain 16MFT21, and Bacillus licheniformis strain BaDB27 in almonds fermentation and also can be used as probiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome and metabolome of Himalayan Griffons (Gyps himalayensis): insights into the adaptation to carrion-feeding habits in avian scavengers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Gao ◽  
Sisi Zheng ◽  
Zhuoma Lancuo ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Samples

Abstract Background Himalayan Griffons (Gyps himalayensis), large scavenging raptors widely distributed in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, have evolved a remarkable ability to feed on carcasses without suffering any adverse effects. The gut microbiome plays an important role in animal physiological and pathological processes, and has also been found to play a health protective role in the vulture adaptation to scavenging. However, the microbial taxonomic diversity (including nonculturable and culturable microbes), functions, and metabolites related to Himalayan Griffons have not been fully explored. Methods In the present study, the 28 fecal samples of the Himalayan Griffons and 8 carrion samples were collected and sequenced using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods to analyze the composition and functional structures of the microbiomes. Twelve fecal samples of the Himalayan Griffons were analyzed using untargeted Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LC–MS) to identify metabolites. We used different culture conditions to grow Himalayan Griffons gut microbes. Inhibitory effects of gut beneficial bacteria on 5 common pathogenic bacteria were also tested using the Oxford cup method. Results According to the results of the culture-independent method, a high abundance of four major phyla in Himalayan Griffons were identified, including Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The most abundant genera were Fusobacterium, followed by Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Cetobacterium, Epulopiscium, and Bacteroides. The predicted primary functional categories of the Himalayan Griffons’ gut microbiome were associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, replication and repair, and membrane transport. LC–MS metabolomic analysis showed a total of 154 metabolites in all the fecal samples. Cultivation yielded 184 bacterial isolates with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, and Paeniclostridium sordellii as most common isolates. Moreover, 7 potential beneficial gut bacteria isolated showed certain inhibition to 5 common pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions Our findings broaden and deepen the understanding of Himalayan Griffons’ gut microbiome, and highlighted the importance of gut microbiome-mediated adaptation to scavenging habits. In particular, our results highlighted the protective role of gut beneficial bacteria in the Himalayan Griffons against pathogenic bacteria that appear in rotten food resources.

scholarly journals Modeling and Statistical Optimization of Culture Conditions for Improvement of Antifungal Compounds Production by Streptomyces albidoflavus S19 Strain of Wastewater Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Souagui ◽  
W. Djoudi ◽  
H. Boudries ◽  
M. Béchet ◽  
V. Leclére ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites

Background: The actinomycetes strains isolated from unexplored ecosystems are a promising alternative for the biosynthesis of novel antimicrobial compounds. Depending on the interesting antifungal activity of the studied strain S19, the statistical method seems to be an effective tool for optimizing the production of anticandidal molecules. Introduction: This study was conducted in order to optimize the culture parameters (medium nutrients concentrations and initial pH value) affecting the production of antifungal metabolites from S. albidoflavus strain S19 (obtained from wastewater collected in Bejaia region, Algeria) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The best conditions for anti-Candida albicans compounds biosynthesis were determined. Methods and Results: The antimicrobial producer strain S. albidoflavus S19 was identified on the basis of morphological, chemicals characters and physiological characteristics along with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Response Surface Methodology by Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to improve the anti- C. albicans agents production through the optimization of medium parameters. The highest antifungal activity was obtained by using a mixture of 2g l-1 starch, 4g l-1 yeast extract, 2g l-1 peptone at pH 11. Conclusion: The strain S19 isolated from wastewater showed a significant anti-C. albicans activity and this study revealed the effectiveness of RSM and CCD for increasing bioactive compounds production, rising the diameter of inhibition zones from 13 to 34 mm.

scholarly journals Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Siderophore Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.U. Raje Nimbalkar ◽  
N.S. Barge ◽  
R.J. Marathe ◽  
Y.B. Phatake ◽  
R.B. Deshmukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Siderophore Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cas Assay ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Background: In the present study a statistical model (Response Surface Methodology) was proposed for optimization of siderophore production by using Enterobacter hormaechei.Methods: The rhizospheric soil was used for isolation and isolates were screened for siderophore production by chrome-azurol S (CAS) assay. One potent isolate producing maximum siderophore was selected and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The culture conditions were optimized for maximum siderophore production by using Central Composite Design. The response surface curves were used to predict the optimum levels of the factors affecting the yield of siderophore. Result: By using rhizospheric soil,eight isolates were obtained and one potent organism was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae (Accession No. MT 775835) by BLAST. The maximum siderophore production (98%) was obtained in succinate medium and the optimum values of variables were found as pH 7, time 60 hrs, temp. 28°C and succinic acid conc. 0.40%. RSM was used to analyze the data by developing 3D surface plots and the residuals plots. ANOVA was used to determine regression coefficients.

scholarly journals Isolation and Optimization of Culture Conditions of a Bioflocculant-Producing Fungi from Kombucha Tea SCOBY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-966
Author(s):  
Phakamani H. Tsilo ◽  
Albertus K. Basson ◽  
Zuzingcebo G. Ntombela ◽  
Tsolanku S. Maliehe ◽  
Rajasekhar V. S. R. Pullabhotla
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Kombucha Tea ◽  
Ft Ir

Biolocculants are gaining attention in research due to their environmental friendliness and innocuousness to human in comparison to the conventional flocculants. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of fungi from Kombucha tea SCOBY to produce effective bioflocculant in bulk. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was utilized to identify the isolate. The medium composition (carbon and nitrogen sources) and culture conditions (inoculum size, temperature, shaking speed, pH, and time) were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time method. The functional groups, morphology, and crystallinity of the bioflocculant were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scan electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The fungus was found to be Pichia kudriavzevii MH545928.1. It produced a bioflocculant with flocculating activity of 99.1% under optimum conditions; 1% (v/v) inoculum size, glucose and peptone as nutrient sources, 35 °C, pH 7 and the shaking speed of 140 rpm for 60 h. A cumulus-like structure was revealed by SEM; FT-IR displayed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, and thiocynates. The XRD analysis demonstrated the bioflocculant to have big particles with diffraction peaks at 10° and 40° indicating its crystallinity. Based on the obtained results, P. kudriavzevii MH545928.1 has potential industrial applicability as a bioflocculant producer.

scholarly journals Optimization of Siderophore Production by Bacillus Subtilis DR2 and its Effect on Growth of Coriandrum Sativum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Kumari ◽  
Shilpi Kiran ◽  
Sushma Kumari ◽  
PANKAJ KUMAR ◽  
Abha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
High Level

Abstract Under scarce iron conditions, several bacteria, fungi and plants, secrete ferric iron-specific ligands, generically termed as siderophores that are able to bind with insoluble ferric ion thereby making them available to the host organisms. Siderophore producing bacteria was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Eragrostis cynosuroides by CAS agar screening and CAS-shuttle assay method. Among five positive isolates, DR2 produced a relatively high level of siderophore (69.81 SU%) and was identified as catecholate type. Further, it was identified as Bacillus subtilis DR2 (KP455653) based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Media optimization revealed that the strain B. subtilis DR2 showed maximum siderophore yield (80.60 SU%) under optimized condition of 72 h incubation at 35 °C in succinate media at pH 8, supplemented with sucrose as carbon and NaNO3 as nitrogen sources. It was further tested as seed inoculants under pot culture conditions and was found to be very efficient in seed germination and growth promotion of Coriandrum sativum. Thus, the present study signifies that B. subtilis DR2 may be a promising candidate with potential of plant growth promotion to be used as biofertilizer for various crops.

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