scholarly journals Influence of Substrate Mineralogy on Bacterial Mineralization of Calcium Carbonate: Implications for Stone Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4017-4029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro ◽  
Fadwa Jroundi ◽  
Mara Schiro ◽  
Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo ◽  
María Teresa González-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Stone Conservation ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polymorph Selection

ABSTRACTThe influence of mineral substrate composition and structure on bacterial calcium carbonate productivity and polymorph selection was studied. Bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation occurred on calcitic (Iceland spar single crystals, marble, and porous limestone) and silicate (glass coverslips, porous sintered glass, and quartz sandstone) substrates following culturing in liquid medium (M-3P) inoculated with different types of bacteria (Myxococcus xanthus,Brevundimonas diminuta, and a carbonatogenic bacterial community isolated from porous calcarenite stone in a historical building) and direct application of sterile M-3P medium to limestone and sandstone with their own bacterial communities. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and 2-dimensional XRD (2D-XRD) analyses revealed that abundant highly oriented calcite crystals formed homoepitaxially on the calcitic substrates, irrespective of the bacterial type. Conversely, scattered spheroidal vaterite entombing bacterial cells formed on the silicate substrates. These results show that carbonate phase selection is not strain specific and that under equal culture conditions, the substrate type is the overruling factor for calcium carbonate polymorph selection. Furthermore, carbonate productivity is strongly dependent on the mineralogy of the substrate. Calcitic substrates offer a higher affinity for bacterial attachment than silicate substrates, thereby fostering bacterial growth and metabolic activity, resulting in higher production of calcium carbonate cement. Bacterial calcite grows coherently over the calcitic substrate and is therefore more chemically and mechanically stable than metastable vaterite, which formed incoherently on the silicate substrates. The implications of these results for technological applications of bacterial carbonatogenesis, including building stone conservation, are discussed.

scholarly journals Stochasticity of Bacterial Attachment and Its Predictability by the Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 3757-3764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teck Wah R. Chia ◽  
Vu Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Thomas McMeekin ◽  
Narelle Fegan ◽  
Gary A. Dykes
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Initial Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Attachment Process

ABSTRACTBacterial attachment onto materials has been suggested to be stochastic by some authors but nonstochastic and based on surface properties by others. We investigated this by attaching pairwise combinations of twoSalmonella entericaserovar Sofia (S. Sofia) strains (with different physicochemical and attachment properties) with one strain each ofS. entericaserovar Typhimurium,S. entericaserovar Infantis, orS. entericaserovar Virchow (all with similar physicochemical and attachment abilities) in ratios of 0.428, 1, and 2.333 onto glass, stainless steel, Teflon, and polysulfone. Attached bacterial cells were recovered and counted. If the ratio of attached cells of eachSalmonellaserovar pair recovered was the same as the initial inoculum ratio, the attachment process was deemed stochastic. Experimental outcomes from the study were compared to those predicted by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. Significant differences (P< 0.05) between the initial and the attached ratios for serovar pairs containingS. Sofia S1296a for all different ratios were apparent for all materials. ForS. Sofia S1635-containing pairs, 7 out of 12 combinations of serovar pairs and materials had attachment ratios not significantly different (P> 0.05) from the initial ratio of 0.428. Five out of 12 and 10 out of 12 samples had attachment ratios not significantly different (P> 0.05) from the initial ratios of 1 and 2.333, respectively. These results demonstrate that bacterial attachment to different materials is likely to be nonstochastic only when the key physicochemical properties of the bacteria were significantly different (P< 0.05) from each other. XDLVO theory could successfully predict the attachment of some individual isolates to particular materials but could not be used to predict the likelihood of stochasticity in pairwise attachment experiments.

scholarly journals Effect of Micro- and Nanoscale Topography on the Adhesion of Bacterial Cells to Solid Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2703-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian C. Hsu ◽  
Jean Fang ◽  
Diana A. Borca-Tasciuc ◽  
Randy W. Worobo ◽  
Carmen I. Moraru
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nanoscale Topography ◽  
Key Microorganisms ◽  
Financial Losses

ABSTRACTAttachment and biofilm formation by bacterial pathogens on surfaces in natural, industrial, and hospital settings lead to infections and illnesses and even death. Minimizing bacterial attachment to surfaces using controlled topography could reduce the spreading of pathogens and, thus, the incidence of illnesses and subsequent human and financial losses. In this context, the attachment of key microorganisms, includingEscherichia coli,Listeria innocua, andPseudomonas fluorescens, to silica and alumina surfaces with micron and nanoscale topography was investigated. The results suggest that orientation of the attached cells occurs preferentially such as to maximize their contact area with the surface. Moreover, the bacterial cells exhibited different morphologies, including different number and size of cellular appendages, depending on the topographical details of the surface to which they attached. This suggests that bacteria may utilize different mechanisms of attachment in response to surface topography. These results are important for the design of novel microbe-repellant materials.

scholarly journals Formate Oxidation-Driven Calcium Carbonate Precipitation by Methylocystis parvus OBBP

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (15) ◽  
pp. 4659-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ganendra ◽  
Willem De Muynck ◽  
Adrian Ho ◽  
Eleni Charalampous Arvaniti ◽  
Baharak Hosseinkhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitate ◽  
Ammonia Release ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Calcium Formate

ABSTRACTMicrobially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) applied in the construction industry poses several disadvantages such as ammonia release to the air and nitric acid production. An alternative MICP from calcium formate byMethylocystis parvusOBBP is presented here to overcome these disadvantages. To induce calcium carbonate precipitation,M. parvuswas incubated at different calcium formate concentrations and starting culture densities. Up to 91.4% ± 1.6% of the initial calcium was precipitated in the methane-amended cultures compared to 35.1% ± 11.9% when methane was not added. Because the bacteria could only utilize methane for growth, higher culture densities and subsequently calcium removals were exhibited in the cultures when methane was added. A higher calcium carbonate precipitate yield was obtained when higher culture densities were used but not necessarily when more calcium formate was added. This was mainly due to salt inhibition of the bacterial activity at a high calcium formate concentration. A maximum 0.67 ± 0.03 g of CaCO3g of Ca(CHOOH)2−1calcium carbonate precipitate yield was obtained when a culture of 109cells ml−1and 5 g of calcium formate liter−1were used. Compared to the current strategy employing biogenic urea degradation as the basis for MICP, our approach presents significant improvements in the environmental sustainability of the application in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analyses reveal the utilization of nitrogen sources and related metabolic mechanisms of Sporosarcina pasteurii

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246818
Author(s):  
Di Pei ◽  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Wenjian Wu ◽  
Biru Hu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Sporosarcina Pasteurii ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses

In recent years, Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) has become one of the most popular bacteria in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). Various applications have been developed based on the efficient urease that can induce the precipitation of calcium carbonate. However, the metabolic mechanism related to biomineralization of S. pasteurii has not been clearly elucidated. The process of bacterial culture and biomineralization consumes a large amount of urea or ammonium salts, which are usually used as agricultural fertilizers, not to mention probable environmental pollutions caused by the excessive use of these raw materials. Therefore, it is urgent to reveal the mechanism of nitrogen utilization and metabolism of S. pasteurii. In this paper, we compared the growth and gene expression of S. pasteurii under three different culture conditions through transcriptome analyses. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that both ammonium and urea were direct nitrogen sources of S. pasteurii, and the bacteria could not grow normally in the absence of ammonium or urea. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one to reveal the nitrogen utilization mechanism of S. pasteurii through transcriptome methods. Furthermore, the presence of ammonium might promote the synthesis of intracellular ATP and enhance the motility of the bacteria. There should be an ATP synthesis mechanism associated with urea hydrolysis catalyzed by urease in S. pasteurii.

scholarly journals Regulation of Cell Division in Bacteria by Monitoring Genome Integrity and DNA Replication Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Burby ◽  
Lyle A. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Sos Response ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT All organisms regulate cell cycle progression by coordinating cell division with DNA replication status. In eukaryotes, DNA damage or problems with replication fork progression induce the DNA damage response (DDR), causing cyclin-dependent kinases to remain active, preventing further cell cycle progression until replication and repair are complete. In bacteria, cell division is coordinated with chromosome segregation, preventing cell division ring formation over the nucleoid in a process termed nucleoid occlusion. In addition to nucleoid occlusion, bacteria induce the SOS response after replication forks encounter DNA damage or impediments that slow or block their progression. During SOS induction, Escherichia coli expresses a cytoplasmic protein, SulA, that inhibits cell division by directly binding FtsZ. After the SOS response is turned off, SulA is degraded by Lon protease, allowing for cell division to resume. Recently, it has become clear that SulA is restricted to bacteria closely related to E. coli and that most bacteria enforce the DNA damage checkpoint by expressing a small integral membrane protein. Resumption of cell division is then mediated by membrane-bound proteases that cleave the cell division inhibitor. Further, many bacterial cells have mechanisms to inhibit cell division that are regulated independently from the canonical LexA-mediated SOS response. In this review, we discuss several pathways used by bacteria to prevent cell division from occurring when genome instability is detected or before the chromosome has been fully replicated and segregated.

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