scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Survival and Transit Tolerance of Potentially Probiotic Strains Carried by Artichokes in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 3042-3045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Valerio ◽  
Palmira De Bellis ◽  
Stella Lisa Lonigro ◽  
Lorenzo Morelli ◽  
Angelo Visconti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Transit Tolerance

ABSTRACT The ability of potentially probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei to survive on artichokes for at least 90 days was shown. The anchorage of bacterial strains to artichokes improved their survival in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. L. paracasei IMPC2.1 was further used in an artichoke human feeding study involving four volunteers, and it was shown that the organism could be recovered from stools.

Transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants between lactobacilli isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of chicken

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vieira de Souza ◽  
R. Roque ◽  
J.L. Silva Moreira ◽  
M. Resende de Souza ◽  
J.R. Nicoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The aim of this study was to assess the potential horizontal transfer of genetic traits for antibiotic resistance between lactobacilli isolated from the chicken gut, both in vitro and in vivo. Thirty-seven Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the gizzard, small and large intestines and caeca of free-range broiler chickens showed multi-drug resistance as assessed by disc diffusion assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol was determined in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth in a microplate assay. Almost all the lactobacilli isolates were resistant to vancomycin (except strains belonging to the Lactobacillus acidophilus group) and to tetracycline (MIC≥128 μg/ml). Only five strains were resistant to erythromycin, and six to chloramphenicol. The transfer rate in filter mating experiments performed using L. acidophilus strain 4M14E (EmR), Lactobacillus vaginalis strain 5M14E (CmR), Lactobacillus salivarius strain 5C14C (EmR), and the 4G14L and 3C14C strains of Lactobacillus reuteri (CmR) showed a frequency of approximately 1×104 cfu/ml of double-resistant transconjugants for the different combinations. The exception was the L. salivarius 5C14C (EmR) and L. vaginalis 5M14E (CmR) mating combination, which produced no transconjugants. In vivo experiments performed in gnotobiotic mice by mating L. acidophilus 4M14E (EmR) with L. reuteri 3C14C (CmR), L. reuteri 4G14L (CmR) or L. vaginalis 5M14E (CmR) resulted in transconjugants at 3.95±0.29, 3.16±0.33, and 4.55±1.52 log10 cfu/g of faeces, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that genetic exchange may occur between native bacterial strains within the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, which might maintain a dynamic gene pool conferring antibiotic resistance upon indigenous microbiota components, even in the absence of the pathogens. This possibility must be taken into account as a complementary criterion when lactobacilli are screened for probiotic use.

Identification of Casein Phosphopeptides in β-casein and Commercial Hydrolysed Casein by Mass Spectrometry

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Miquel ◽  
J. A. Gómez ◽  
A. Alegría ◽  
R. Barberá ◽  
R. Farré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptides ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein ◽  
Cluster Sequence

Casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) in commercial hydrolysed casein (CE90CPP) and in β-CN (β-CN) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (gastric stage pepsin, pH =2, 37°C 2h) and intestinal stage (pancreatic-bile extract, pH =5.2, 37°C 2h) were sequenced by on-line reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESIMS/MS). In β-CN digest five peptides that contained four to five phosphate groups and the cluster sequence SpSpSpEE (residues 17-21) were identified. All CPPs with one exception β-CN(1-24)4P, had the protein fragment β-CN(1-25)4P, which is one of the main CPPs produced in vivo digestion of casein and the results of in vitro studies showed that this fragment enhanced calcium, iron and zinc absorption. In commercial hydrolysed casein CE90CPP 13 peptides were identified, only one of them, αs2-CN (1-13)3P, contained the cluster sequence SpSpSpEE but all the peptides have one or two phosphoserine residues with mineral binding capacity. These CPPs were shorter (527-2061 Da vs 2966-6512 Da) and less phosphorylated (1-3 P vs 4-5 P) than those released after simulated gastrointestinal digestion of β-CN. In both samples, the potential mineral chelating properties of these peptides in relation to their amino acid sequences and the presence of the phosphorylated cluster are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Bile Salt Response in Lactobacillus plantarum and Analysis of Responsive Promoters In Vitro and In Situ in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (23) ◽  
pp. 7829-7835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Bron ◽  
Maria Marco ◽  
Sally M. Hoffer ◽  
Esther Van Mullekom ◽  
Willem M. de Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT In this paper we describe the growth, morphological, and genetic responses of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to bile. Growth experiments revealed that a stepwise increase in the porcine bile concentration led to a gradual decrease in the maximal growth rate. Moreover, the final density reached by an L. plantarum culture growing in MRS containing 0.1% bile was approximately threefold lower than that in MRS lacking bile. The morphology of the cells grown in MRS containing 0.1% bile was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that cells clumped together and had rough surfaces and that some of the cells had a shrunken and empty appearance, which clearly contrasted with the characteristic rod-shaped, smooth-surface morphology of L. plantarum cells grown in MRS without bile. An alr complementation-based genome-wide promoter screening analysis was performed with L. plantarum, which led to identification of 31 genes whose expression was potentially induced by 0.1% porcine bile. Remarkably, 11 membrane- and cell wall-associated functions appeared to be induced by bile, as were five functions involved in redox reactions and five regulatory factors. Moreover, the lp_0237 and lp_0775 genes, identified here as genes that are inducible by bile in vitro, were previously identified in our laboratory as important for L. plantarum in vivo during passage in the mouse gastrointestinal tract (P. A. Bron, C. Grangette, A. Mercenier, W. M. de Vos, and M. Kleerebezem, J. Bacteriol. 186:5721-5729, 2004). A quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach focusing on these two genes confirmed that the expression level of lp_0237 and lp_0775 was significantly higher in cells grown in the presence of bile and cells isolated from the mouse duodenum than in cells grown on laboratory medium without bile.

scholarly journals Eradication therapy of helicobacteriosis with probiotics, problems, and prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
E. I. Ermolenko ◽  
A. S. Molostova ◽  
N. S. Gladyshev
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Probiotic Strains

Currently, there is an urgent question of optimizing the treatment of stomach diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori, due to the increasing resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics and the presence of side effects of standard therapy. To optimize it, it is proposed to use probiotics as an additional or monotherapy. The review presents the results of studies of anti-helicobacter activity by in vitro and in vivo systems, as well as an assessment of the clinical effectiveness of various probiotic strains of microorganisms in eradication therapy. Several mechanisms of action of probiotics in the treatment of HP-related diseases are discussed. The problems and prospects of using personalized therapy of helicobacteriosis with probiotics and autoprobiotics, based on strains obtained from the gastrointestinal tract, are indicated.

Assessment of the effect of ethanol extracts from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel on intestinal inflammation using simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Xianghui Yan ◽  
Jiaheng Xia ◽  
Junxin Zhao ◽  
Maomao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
System P ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Cinnamomum camphora seeds have multiple bioactivities. There were few studies on the effect of C. camphora seeds on intestinal inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The study aimed to investigate...

scholarly journals In VivoSelection To Identify Bacterial Strains with Enhanced Ecological Performance in Synbiotic Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2455-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina A. Krumbeck ◽  
María X. Maldonado-Gomez ◽  
Inés Martínez ◽  
Steven A. Frese ◽  
Thomas E. Burkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Probiotic Strains

ABSTRACTOne strategy for enhancing the establishment of probiotic bacteria in the human intestinal tract is via the parallel administration of a prebiotic, which is referred to as a synbiotic. Here we present a novel method that allows a rational selection of putative probiotic strains to be used in synbiotic applications:in vivoselection (IVS). This method consists of isolating candidate probiotic strains from fecal samples following enrichment with the respective prebiotic. To test the potential of IVS, we isolated bifidobacteria from human subjects who consumed increasing doses of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) for 9 weeks. A retrospective analysis of the fecal microbiota of one subject revealed an 8-fold enrichment inBifidobacterium adolescentisstrain IVS-1 during GOS administration. The functionality of GOS to support the establishment of IVS-1 in the gastrointestinal tract was then evaluated in rats administered the bacterial strain alone, the prebiotic alone, or the synbiotic combination. Strain-specific quantitative real-time PCR showed that the addition of GOS increasedB. adolescentisIVS-1 abundance in the distal intestine by nearly 2 logs compared to rats receiving only the probiotic. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing not only confirmed the increased establishment of IVS-1 in the intestine but also revealed that the strain was able to outcompete the residentBifidobacteriumpopulation when provided with GOS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IVS can be used to successfully formulate a synergistic synbiotic that can substantially enhance the establishment and competitiveness of a putative probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of thiourea derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 764-777
Author(s):  
Sumaira Naz ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Umar ◽  
Saad Alghamdi ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Thiourea Derivatives ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

AbstractThioureas and their derivatives are organosulfur compounds having applications in numerous fields such as organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industries. Symmetric thiourea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various anilines with CS2. The synthesized compounds were characterized using the UV-visible and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were screened for in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes and for their antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. These compounds were fed to Swiss male albino mice to evaluate their toxicological effects and potential to inhibit glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) inhibition. The antibacterial studies revealed that compound 4 was more active against the selected bacterial strains. Compound 1 was more active against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, AChE, BuChE, and α-glucosidase. Compound 2 was more potent against α-amylase and G6Pase. Toxicity studies showed that compound 4 is safe as it exerted no toxic effect on any of the hematological and biochemical parameters or on liver histology of the experimental animals at any studied dose rate. The synthesized compounds showed promising antibacterial and antioxidant potential and were very active (both in vitro and in vivo) against G6Pase and moderately active against the other selected enzymes used in this study.

Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4946-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Kiss ◽  
Jakub P. Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins. In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral administration. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability and metabolism. Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability. The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.

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