scholarly journals Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wen ◽  
Lucine Vuitton ◽  
Tuerhongjiang Tuxun ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Dominique A. Vuitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Western China ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Significant Public Health

SUMMARY Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). This serious and near-cosmopolitan disease continues to be a significant public health issue, with western China being the area of highest endemicity for both the cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) forms of echinococcosis. Considerable advances have been made in the 21st century on the genetics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of the causative parasites, on diagnostic tools, and on treatment techniques and control strategies, including the development and deployment of vaccines. In terms of surgery, new procedures have superseded traditional techniques, and total cystectomy in CE, ex vivo resection with autotransplantation in AE, and percutaneous and perendoscopic procedures in both diseases have improved treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, control, and prevention of CE and AE. Currently there is no alternative drug to albendazole to treat echinococcosis, and new compounds are required urgently. Recently acquired genomic and proteomic information can provide a platform for improving diagnosis and for finding new drug and vaccine targets, with direct impact in the future on the control of echinococcosis, which continues to be a global challenge.

scholarly journals Viral Myocarditis—From Pathophysiology to Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5240
Author(s):  
Heinz-Peter Schultheiss ◽  
Christian Baumeier ◽  
Ganna Aleshcheva ◽  
C.-Thomas Bock ◽  
Felicitas Escher
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chronic Myocarditis ◽  
Significant Public Health

The diagnosis of acute and chronic myocarditis remains a challenge for clinicians. Characterization of this disease has been hampered by its diverse etiologies and heterogeneous clinical presentations. Most cases of myocarditis are caused by infectious agents. Despite successful research in the last few years, the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis and its sequelae leading to severe heart failure with a poor prognosis is not fully understood and represents a significant public health issue globally. Most likely, at a certain point, besides viral persistence, several etiological types merge into a common pathogenic autoimmune process leading to chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling, ultimately resulting in the clinical phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is necessary to assess the prognosis of patients and is fundamental to appropriate specific and personalized therapeutic strategies. To reach this clinical prerequisite, there is the need for advanced diagnostic tools, including an endomyocardial biopsy and guidelines to optimize the management of this disease. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has currently led to the worst pandemic in a century and has awakened a special sensitivity throughout the world to viral infections. This work aims to summarize the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis, advanced diagnostic methods and the current state of treatment options.

The desperate plea of women with the nutcracker syndrome

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
J. L. Villavicencio
Keyword(s):  
Renal Vein ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nutcracker Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Pelvic Congestion

Summary Objective: To increase awareness on the severe impact of the nutcracker syndrome in women with undiagnosed disease. Patients and methods: We reviewed the medical literature and analyzed six representative series with 73 patients with nutcracker syndrome. Women with left flank pain, dyspareunia, dysuria, dysmenorrhea, micro- or macrohaematuria and pelvic congestion symptoms, should be carefully investigated for evidence of meso aortic left renal vein compression. A good number of our colleagues do not believe in the existence of the nutcracker syndrome and send these patients in a long pilgrimage in search of someone who can help them to get relief to their pain. New and improved imaging techniques can assist in the diagnosis but retrograde reno-gonadal phlebography and renocaval gradient are the most reliable diagnostic tools. Results: Among an assortment of treatment techniques, renal vein transposition and endovenous stenting were the two most commonly used procedures. There are no long term studies on renal vein stenting in children and young adults. Its use in these cases should be carefully considered. The nutcracker syndrome may present with pelvic congestion symptoms and its diagnosis missed. The patient's age, severity of symptoms and haemo dynamic renal studies should guide the treatment. Conclusion: An increased awareness of the existence of the nutcracker syndrome may prevent many unfortunate undiagnosed women from spending many months and often years of suffering.

Identifying changes in trends in the age standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hille
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Piecewise Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectiveTo identify changes in the linear trend of the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia for all persons, males, and females. MethodsA two-piece piecewise linear regression was fitted to the data. The piecewise breakpoint varied through an iterative process to determine the model that best fits the data.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the trendof the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia were found for all persons, males, and females. The optimal breakpoint for all persons and males was at 1998. For females, the optimal breakpoint was at 2005. The trend after these breakpoints was flatter than prior to the breakpoints, but still positive.ConclusionMelanoma is a significant public health issue in Australia. Overall incidence continues to increase. However, the rate at which the incidence is increasing appears to be decreasing.

Assessing Acute St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Prognostic Significance Of The Hyponatramia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3251-3260
Author(s):  
Makrand B Mane
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Facility ◽  
Significant Public Health

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) has become a significant public health issue in developed and developing nations, following extensive diagnostic and management research over recent decades. The study intended to research the prognostic values of inexplicable Hyponatremia in patients with severe STelevation of myocardial infarction, in 100 consecutive patients admitted to Tertiary care hospital. In the analysis, identified patients on admission were diagnosed with or produced Hyponatremia within 72 hours—a lower ejection fraction than those with usual amounts of sodium. The research aimed to evaluate the prognosis significance of Hyponatremia for the estimation of early death in acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction. One hundred straight patients admitted in the Coronary Centre Tertiary Care Facility with severe STelevated myocardial infarction were studied. The data of the study on various risk factors in association with the development of Hyponatremia like as age, sex, use of tobacco, diabetes, hypertension, ejection fraction etc. were analyzed. Thus, the researchers reported that in patients diagnosed with severe ST section escalation, Hyponatremia showed the initial emergence of hyponatremia myocardial infarctions. This condition correlates with the severity of LV dysfunction (in term of LVEF) and can be considered as an individual early death indicator as well as a prediction exacerbates with hyponatremia frequency.

scholarly journals Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3302
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽  
Olena Nyankovska ◽  
Marta Yatsula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

scholarly journals Global Health Impacts of Dust Storms: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110183
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Aghababaeian ◽  
Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Ali Asgary ◽  
Mehry Akbary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Emergency Medical Dispatch ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
English Articles

Background: Dust storms and their impacts on health are becoming a major public health issue. The current study examines the health impacts of dust storms around the world to provide an overview of this issue. Method: In this systematic review, 140 relevant and authoritative English articles on the impacts of dust storms on health (up to September 2019) were identified and extracted from 28 968 articles using valid keywords from various databases (PubMed, WOS, EMBASE, and Scopus) and multiple screening steps. Selected papers were then qualitatively examined and evaluated. Evaluation results were summarized using an Extraction Table. Results: The results of the study are divided into two parts: short and long-term impacts of dust storms. Short-term impacts include mortality, visitation, emergency medical dispatch, hospitalization, increased symptoms, and decreased pulmonary function. Long-term impacts include pregnancy, cognitive difficulties, and birth problems. Additionally, this study shows that dust storms have devastating impacts on health, affecting cardiovascular and respiratory health in particular. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that dust storms have significant public health impacts. More attention should be paid to these natural hazards to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate these hazardous events to reduce their negative health impacts. Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018093325

scholarly journals A pilot study to establish non-invasive biomarkers for higher-grade meningioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv6-iv6
Author(s):  
Daniele Baiz ◽  
Caterina Negroni ◽  
Emanuela Ercolano ◽  
Claire L Adams ◽  
Kathreena M Kurian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Benign Meningioma ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Serum Exosomes

Abstract Introduction Meningioma brain tumours are the most common primary tumour in adults. Despite surgery and/or radiation therapy, meningioma may recur. The 5-year recurrence rate in benign meningioma is estimated in about 10% while much greater in atypical and malignant tumours. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a large class of small RNAs driving regulation of gene expression and playing a role in tumour progression and therefore proposed as diagnostic tools. Moreover, miRNAs can be released from tumour cells into the blood stream via exosomes, showing potential to be used as liquid biopsies. Methods Identification of novel circulating biomarkers was conducted by performing an unbiased Cancer MicroRNA qPCR Array, followed by bioinformatics analysis. In parallel, we conducted a biased in silico analysis of the miRNAs targeting Cyclin D1 and E1, recently proposed as immunohistochemical meningioma biomarkers. Validation studies performed using TaqMan® reagents. Results Stringent unbiased (p<0.01) miRNA profiling followed by validation in ex vivo samples revealed that the miR-9-1 is upregulated in higher-grade meningioma tissues and serum exosomes, controlled by the EGFR/AP-1 axis and correlated with lower levels of E-Cadherin, a proposed biomarker for malignant meningioma. On the contrary, biased analysis, followed by validation in vitro and ex vivo, showed that the miR-497~195 cluster is downregulated in higher-grade meningioma tissues and serum exosomes, correlating with the overexpression of GATA-4, a novel meningioma tissue biomarker. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that both miR-497~195 and miR-9-1 show potential to become promising non-invasive biomarkers for higher-grade meningioma, reflecting their expression status in tissues. (DB and CN contributed equally).

Theory of change: Don’t Bet Your Life On It

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Gambling Harms ◽  
Related Harm

Gambling-related harms are increasingly recognised as a significant public health issue in Great Britain. The vast majority of those experiencing gambling harms remain unidentified and without support. Don't Bet Your Life On It (DBYLOI) blends lived experience and clinical expertise to deliver practical safer gambling strategies virtually for players that can be accessed anytime and anywhere to prevent any life from being needlessly affected by gambling-related harm. It is designed to support players at any level of play by providing players with a “seat belt” to prevent harms from occurring, identify early signs of risk, and signpost those experiencing harms to get the help they need. This theory of change visual and narrative considers the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes necessary to achieve these goals. It can be used by organizations, groups, and individuals in any sector impacted by gambling related harms in Great Britain.

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