scholarly journals Enterococcal Surface Protein, Esp, Enhances Biofilm Formation by Enterococcus faecalis

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6032-6039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti M. Tendolkar ◽  
Arto S. Baghdayan ◽  
Michael S. Gilmore ◽  
Nathan Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT Enterococci play a dual role in human ecology. They serve as commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract and are also leading causes of multiple antibiotic-resistant hospital-acquired infection. Many nosocomial infections result from the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms. The molecular mechanisms involved in enterococcal biofilm formation are only now beginning to be understood. Enterococcal surface protein, Esp, has been reported to contribute to biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Recent studies have shown that enterococci form biofilms independently of Esp expression. To precisely determine what role Esp plays in E. faecalis biofilm formation, Esp was expressed on the cell surface of genetically well-defined, natively Esp-deficient strains, and isogenic Esp-positive and Esp-deficient strains were compared for their biofilm-forming ability. The results show that Esp expression leads to a significant increase in biofilm formation, irrespective of the strain tested. The contribution of Esp to biofilm formation was found to be most pronounced in the presence of 0.5% (wt/vol) or greater glucose. These results unambiguously define Esp as a key contributor to the ability of E. faecalis to form biofilms.

scholarly journals The Ax21 protein influences virulence and biofilm formation in the nosocomial pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-qi An ◽  
Ji-liang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an antibiotic resistant Gram-negative pathogen, which is associated with hospital-acquired infection. The genome encodes a protein highly related to the Ax21 protein of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that is implicated in interactions of this plant pathogen with rice. Here we show that loss by mutation of Ax21 influences a variety of functions in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, to include virulence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in this nosocomial pathogen.

scholarly journals High-Quality Draft Genome Sequences of 28 Enterococcus sp. Isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (9) ◽  
pp. 2469-2470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Palmer ◽  
Karen Carniol ◽  
Janet M. Manson ◽  
David Heiman ◽  
Terry Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT The enterococci are low-GC Gram-positive bacteria that have emerged as leading causes of hospital-acquired infection. They are also commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans and most other animals with gastrointestinal flora and are important for food fermentations. Here we report the availability of draft genome sequences for 28 enterococcal strains of diverse origin, including the species Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus, and E. gallinarum.

scholarly journals Esp-Independent Biofilm Formation by Enterococcus faecalis

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Kristich ◽  
Yung-Hua Li ◽  
Dennis G. Cvitkovitch ◽  
Gary M. Dunny
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen known to form biofilms in vitro. In addition, this organism is often isolated from biofilms on the surfaces of various indwelling medical devices. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating biofilm formation in these clinical isolates are largely unknown. Recent work has suggested that a specific cell surface protein (Esp) of E. faecalis is critical for biofilm formation by this organism. However, in the same study, esp-deficient strains of E. faecalis were found to be capable of biofilm formation. To test the hypothesis that Esp is dispensable for biofilm formation by E. faecalis, we used microtiter plate assays and a chemostat-based biofilm fermentor assay to examine biofilm formation by genetically well-defined, non-Esp-expressing strains. Our results demonstrate that in vitro biofilm formation occurs, not only in the absence of esp, but also in the absence of the entire pathogenicity island that harbors the esp coding sequence. Using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate biofilms of E. faecalis OG1RF grown in the fermentor system, biofilm development was observed to progress through multiple stages, including attachment of individual cells to the substratum, microcolony formation, and maturation into complex multilayered structures apparently containing water channels. Microtiter plate biofilm analyses indicated that biofilm formation or maintenance was modulated by environmental conditions. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that expression of a secreted metalloprotease, GelE, enhances biofilm formation by E. faecalis. In summary, E. faecalis forms complex biofilms by a process that is sensitive to environmental conditions and does not require the Esp surface protein.

scholarly journals The Ax21 protein influences virulence and biofilm formation in the nosocomial pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-qi An ◽  
Ji-liang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an antibiotic resistant Gram-negative pathogen, which is associated with hospital-acquired infection. The genome encodes a protein highly related to the Ax21 protein of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that is implicated in interactions of this plant pathogen with rice. Here we show that loss by mutation of Ax21 influences a variety of functions in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, to include virulence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in this nosocomial pathogen.

scholarly journals The Enterococcal Surface Protein, Esp, Is Involved in Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Formation

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4538-4545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Toledo-Arana ◽  
Jaione Valle ◽  
Cristina Solano ◽  
Marı́a Jesús Arrizubieta ◽  
Carme Cucarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic ◽  
Primary Attachment ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The enterococcal surface protein, Esp, is a high-molecular-weight surface protein of unknown function whose frequency is significantly increased among infection-derived Enterococcus faecalisisolates. In this work, a global structural similarity was found between Bap, a biofilm-associated protein of Staphylococcus aureus, and Esp. Analysis of the relationship between the presence of the Esp-encoding gene (esp) and the biofilm formation capacity in E. faecalis demonstrated that the presence of the esp gene is highly associated (P < 0.0001) with the capacity of E. faecalis to form a biofilm on a polystyrene surface, since 93.5% of the E. faecalis esp-positive isolates were capable of forming a biofilm. Moreover, none of the E. faecalis esp-deficient isolates were biofilm producers. Depending on theE. faecalis isolate, insertional mutagenesis ofesp caused either a complete loss of the biofilm formation phenotype or no apparent phenotypic defect. Complementation studies revealed that Esp expression in an E. faecalis esp-deficient strain promoted primary attachment and biofilm formation on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride plastic from urine collection bags. Together, these results demonstrate that (i) biofilm formation capacity is widespread among clinical E. faecalis isolates, (ii) the biofilm formation capacity is restricted to the E. faecalis strains harboringesp, and (iii) Esp promotes primary attachment and biofilm formation of E. faecalis on abiotic surfaces.

scholarly journals Emergence of DIM-1 and KPC-1 Genes Associated Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates in Three Major Hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam (2010-2015)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Hai Anh ◽  
Tran Huy Hoang ◽  
Vu Thi Ngoc Bich ◽  
Trinh Son Tung ◽  
Tran Dieu Linh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria including carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are recognised as an important cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. To determine the molecular characterisation and antibiotic resistant genes associated with carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Methods: we conducted whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 72 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital-acquired infection patients from 2010 to 2015 in three major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results: We identified three variants of IMP genes, among which IMP-15 gene was the most frequent (n= 34) in comparison to IMP-26 (n= 2) and IMP-51 (n=12). We observed two isolates with imipenem MIC >128mg/L that co-harboured IMP-15 and DIM-1 genes and seven isolates (imipenem MIC> 128mg/L) with KPC-1 gene from the same hospital. MLST data showed that sequence types (ST) of 72 isolates were classified into 18 STs and phylogenetic tree analysis divided these isolates into nine groups. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that not only IMP-26, but other variants of IMPs like IMP-15 and IMP-51 genes and several STs (ST235, ST244, ST277, ST310, ST773 and ST3151) have been disseminated in health care settings in Vietnam. Also, we report the first finding in Vietnam that two isolates belonging to ST1240 and ST3340 harboured two important carbapenemase genes (IMP-15 and, DIM-1) and seven isolates belonging to ST3151 of P. aeruginosa carried the KPC-1 gene, which could be a potential cause of seriously restricted available treatment options in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Spread of Enterococcal Surface Protein in Antibiotic Resistant Entero-coccus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections

Enterococci rank among leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infection in hospital and community acquired infections. Several traits that may contribute to enhanced virulence have been identified in Enterococci. Extracellular surface protein (Esp) is a virulence factor that contributes in biofilm formation and resistance to environmental stresses. In this study we aimed to determine occurrence ofespinE. faeciumandE. faecalisisolates isolated from urinary tract infections and to investigate whether there is any correlation between presence ofespand antibiotic resistance. One hundred and sixty six isolates were collected from patients with UTI and after identification by biochemical and PCR, antibiotic resistances were examined. The presence ofespwas investigated by primer-specific PCR. 43.3% of isolates identified asE. faeciumand 56.7% asE. faecalis. Theespgene was found in 76.1% ofE. faeciumisolates and 77.9% ofE. faecalisisolate. There were significant correlation betweenesppositiveE. faeciumand resistance to Vancomycin (p<0.01), also inE.faecaliswe found correlation betweenesppositive and resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). Occurrence ofespin our isolates from urinary tract infection was high that indicates importance of this gene in urinary tract infections and shows importance of ability to forming biofilm and hydrophobicity of surface of Enterococci for causing urinary infection by Enterococci. Also, our finding showed significant correlation between resistance to antibiotics and presence ofespin Enterococci.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Biological Activity of a New Series of Oxadiazole Compounds Against Esp Gene Expression in Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Ghameshlouei ◽  
Nakisa Zarrabi Ahrabi ◽  
Yasin SarveAhrabi
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxadiazole Derivatives ◽  
The Impact

Background: The enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is a high-molecular-weight surface protein of biofilm creating agent in Enterococcus faecalis. Oxadiazoles have a wide range of biological activities. Objective: This research aimed to examine the impact of new oxadiazole derivatives on the expression of Esp, playing an important role in promoting the biofilm formation ability of drug-resistant E. faecalis strains. Method: 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized through a one-step synthesis. E. faecalis strains were collected and isolated from hospitals in Tehran. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized materials against the isolated strains were investigated. RNA, DNA, and cDNA were extracted, and the relative expression of Esp in E. faecalis isolates was evaluated by real-time PCR. Docking study was performed by AutoDock vina software, and the resulting docking poses were analyzed using Discovery Studio 4.5 Client software. Results: The use of synthesized derivatives changed the Esp expression level in different isolates compared to the control sample. The two compounds containing naphthalene (4f) and methoxyphenyl (4g) caused respectively a 2-fold and a 3-fold decrease in Esp expression compared to the control sample. The compound 4f with the best binding energy among the compounds (-9.2) had the most hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds with the receptor-binding site. Conclusions: 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives, especially naphthalene and methoxyphenyl, act as inhibitors of bacterial biofilm formation and can be used in the pharmaceutical and biological industries.

Effect of Trans-Cinnamaldehyde on preformed biofilm and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli isolated from urine specimens

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Adel El-Haddad ◽  
Soha Abdel Rahman El-Hady ◽  
Amira Esmail Abdel Hamid ◽  
Hisham Abdel Majeed Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Introduction Bacteria in most environments exist as communities of sessile cells in a selfproduced polymeric matrix known as biofilms. Biofilms are responsible for more than 80% of infections, including urinary tract infections (UTI). UTI is the most common hospital acquired infection, caused mainly by Escherichia coli (E.coli). E. coli can readily form biofilm in such infections, specially in the presence of indwelling urinary catheter. It’s difficult to eradicate bacteria in biofilms, since they are shielded from the host defense mechanisms as phagocytes and antibodies, as well as antibiotics. Searching for alternative or adjuvant substances for prevention and eradication of biofilm associated infections are therefore urgently needed. Aim of the work Studying the efficacy of the trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) for preventing E. coli biofilm formation. Materials and methods Thirty isolates of E.coli were obtained from urine samples. To test the effect of TC on E.coli biofilm formation and preformed biofilms, microtitre plates (MTP) were inoculated with the isolated E.coli and were treated with different concentrations of TC and incubated at 37° C. A colorimetric assay was used to assess biofilm inhibition and inactivation and optical densities (OD) were compared before and after adding different TC concentrations. Results The mean OD of the isolated E.coli biofilms was 1.3 and significantly decreased when mixed with TC different concentrations. TC had high activity in inhibition of preformed E.coli biofilms, where no biofilm was detected on MTP treated with 1.25% and 1.5% TC. Conclusion TC inhibited the biofilm forming ability of E.coli isolates could fully inactivate formed biofilms, suggesting its possibility to be used as an anti-biofilm agent or adjuvant in preventing and treating UTI caused by biofilm producing E.coli.

scholarly journals Function of Candida albicans Adhesin Hwp1 in Biofilm Formation

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa J. Nobile ◽  
Jeniel E. Nett ◽  
David R. Andes ◽  
Aaron P. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Additional Support

ABSTRACT Hwp1 is a well-characterized Candida albicans cell surface protein, expressed only on hyphae, that mediates tight binding to oral epithelial cells. Prior studies indicate that HWP1 expression is dependent upon Bcr1, a key regulator of biofilm formation. Here we test the hypothesis that Hwp1 is required for biofilm formation. In an in vitro model, the hwp1/hwp1 mutant produces a thin biofilm that lacks much of the hyphal mass found in the hwp1/HWP1 reconstituted strain. In a biofilm cell retention assay, we find that the hwp1/hwp1 mutant is defective in retention of nonadherent bcr1/bcr1 mutant cells. In an in vivo rat venous catheter model, the hwp1/hwp1 mutant has a severe biofilm defect, yielding only yeast microcolonies in the catheter lumen. These properties of the hwp1/hwp1 mutant are consistent with its role as a hypha-specific adhesin and indicate that it is required for normal biofilm formation. Overexpression of HWP1 in a bcr1/bcr1 mutant background improves adherence in the in vivo catheter model. This finding provides additional support for the model that Hwp1 is critical for biofilm adhesion. Hwp1 is the first cell surface protein known to be required for C. albicans biofilm formation in vivo and is thus an excellent therapeutic target.

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