scholarly journals The Vibrio harveyi GTPase CgtAV Is Essential and Is Associated with the 50S Ribosomal Subunit

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Sikora ◽  
R. Zielke ◽  
K. Datta ◽  
J. R. Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ribosomal Particle

ABSTRACT It was previously reported that unlike the other obg/cgtA GTPases, the Vibrio harveyi cgtAV is not essential. Here we show that cgtAV was not disrupted in these studies and is, in fact, essential for viability. Depletion of CgtAV did not result in cell elongation. CgtAV is associated with the large ribosomal particle. In light of our results, we predict that the V. harveyi CgtAV protein plays a similar essential role to that seen for Obg/CgtA proteins in other bacteria.

scholarly journals Novel Interactions of ESCRT-III with LIP5 and VPS4 and their Implications for ESCRT-III Disassembly

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2661-2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soomin Shim ◽  
Samuel A. Merrill ◽  
Phyllis I. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Multivesicular Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Novel Interactions

The AAA+ ATPase VPS4 plays an essential role in multivesicular body biogenesis and is thought to act by disassembling ESCRT-III complexes. VPS4 oligomerization and ATPase activity are promoted by binding to LIP5. LIP5 also binds to the ESCRT-III like protein CHMP5/hVps60, but how this affects its function remains unclear. Here we confirm that LIP5 binds tightly to CHMP5, but also find that it binds well to additional ESCRT-III proteins including CHMP1B, CHMP2A/hVps2–1, and CHMP3/hVps24 but not CHMP4A/hSnf7–1 or CHMP6/hVps20. LIP5 binds to a different region within CHMP5 than within the other ESCRT-III proteins. In CHMP1B and CHMP2A, its binding site encompasses sequences at the proteins' extreme C-termini that overlap with “MIT interacting motifs” (MIMs) known to bind to VPS4. We find unexpected evidence of a second conserved binding site for VPS4 in CHMP2A and CHMP1B, suggesting that LIP5 and VPS4 may bind simultaneously to these proteins despite the overlap in their primary binding sites. Finally, LIP5 binds preferentially to soluble CHMP5 but instead to polymerized CHMP2A, suggesting that the newly defined interactions between LIP5 and ESCRT-III proteins may be regulated by ESCRT-III conformation. These studies point to a role for direct binding between LIP5 and ESCRT-III proteins that is likely to complement LIP5's previously described ability to regulate VPS4 activity.

Islet Autoantibodies, Assay Specificity and Disease Specificity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
He L ◽  
◽  
Jia X ◽  
Yu L ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islet Autoantibodies ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Disease Prediction ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Disease Specificity

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, which is caused by destruction of insulinproducing pancreatic beta cells. Its incidence increases 3-5% annually and doubles every 20 years [1,2]. On one hand, acute and chronic complications of T1D seriously affect the quality of life and even life span of patients. On the other hand, prognosis can greatly be improved when the disease prediction and closely monitoring are applied, leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment [3]. Islet Autoantibodies (IAbs), as most reliable biomarkers at present for islet autoimmunity, precede clinical T1D by years and play an essential role in prediction and clinical diagnosis of T1D [4,5].

The Gastronomy of the Eye

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-198
Author(s):  
Vrushali Dhage
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Works Of Art

Works of art can be read at various levels: from being objects of simple retinal pleasure to the other extreme of being significant critical statements of their time. This chapter aims to strike a cerebral dialogue through the works of art. The current study shall consider the latter function of art and analyze the methods in which contemporary Indian artists have made attempts to provide a critique of the early initiatives towards developing Delhi and Mumbai as ‘smart cities'. The review of works from India concludes the essential role of infrastructural projects and envisioned spaces built in the era of economic liberalization. The study aims at drawing a methodological approach, with an art historical perspective, with the artists analysing and translating the urban experiential phenomenon, into artworks.

Hope

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Stratton-Lake
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Gabriel Marcel ◽  
Theological Virtues ◽  
The One

In Christian theology ‘hope’ has a central role as one of the three theological virtues. As theology has gradually become separated from moral theory, the inclusion of ‘hope’ within a theory of ethics has become rare. Hope can be either intentional or dispositional. The former is a specific hope for something, whereas the latter is a state of character. Kant gave a central place to intentional hopes in his moral theory with his doctrine of the postulates. Hope also played an essential role in the moral and political writings of Ernst Bloch and Gabriel Marcel. Bloch regarded hope as concerned with a longing for utopia, whereas Marcel regarded hope as a disposition to rise above situations which tempt one to despair. In each of these writers the Christian connection between hope, on the one hand, and faith and love, on the other, remained, although Kant and Bloch did not oppose these categories to reason, but sought to ‘subsume’ them under it.

Cardiorenal Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
Edward A. Ross ◽  
Uyanga Batnyam ◽  
Abdo M. Asmar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Renal and cardiac crosstalk plays an essential role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Both organ diseases are prevalent and share common risk factors. Impairment in one organ has the potential to affect the other. This interaction is referred to as cardiorenal syndrome, and it is driven by complex neurohumoral and vascular processes. Cardiorenal syndrome refers to a state of either acute or chronic impairment of both renal and cardiac functions. Despite progress in therapeutic interventions, treatment of cardiorenal syndrome remains challenging. In this chapter, we review the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiorenal syndrome, as well as its management options.

Language Mixing in a French-Dutch Bilingual Child

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aafke Hulk ◽  
Elisabeth van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parameter Setting ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Bilingual Child ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Functional Projection ◽  
Small Clauses

Child bilingualism has been a domain of growing interest in the last few years. A central question in research concerns the differentiation of the two languages in the developmen-tal process: do children develop two separate language systems from the very beginning or do they start with a combined system? In this discussion, aspects of word order play an essential role. Radford (1986) has compared early child utterances with so called "small clauses". In small clauses, word order would be relatively free due to the fact that children have not yet acquired the concept of case marking which puts constraints on word order. In this assumption, word order would not be expected to be differen-tiated in the first stages of the two languages of the bilingual child. Others however (Meisel, 1989, Frijn & de Haan 1994) have suggested that word order from the two-word stage on is almost invariably correct and in line with parameter settings in the adult language. At first sight, the utterances of the French-Dutch bilingual child that we study do not support one or the other of these two views unambiguously. Despite the fact that French is a head initial, SVO language and that the majority of the utterances of the child are in accordance with this parameter setting, utterances with SOV order and other Dutch-like word orders do appear in her French with a certain frequency. In our discussion we will show that, while the early (S)OV patterns can probably be explained by the absence of a fully fledged functional projection IP in the child's grammar, this cannot account for these patterns in later phases. The persistent presence of OV patterns in the French utterances - that are (although very rarely) encountered in French monolingual children as well - seems to be caused, then, by the continuing Dutch input that may very well be the factor that "pushes up" the production of [XP V] patterns in the child's French.

scholarly journals RNA polymerase II plays an active role in the formation of gene loops through the Rpb4 subunit

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (17) ◽  
pp. 8975-8987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Allepuz-Fuster ◽  
Michael J O’Brien ◽  
Noelia González-Polo ◽  
Bianca Pereira ◽  
Zuzer Dhoondia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Transcription Termination ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Loop Formation ◽  
Direct Role

AbstractGene loops are formed by the interaction of initiation and termination factors occupying the distal ends of a gene during transcription. RNAPII is believed to affect gene looping indirectly owing to its essential role in transcription. The results presented here, however, demonstrate a direct role of RNAPII in gene looping through the Rpb4 subunit. 3C analysis revealed that gene looping is abolished in the rpb4Δ mutant. In contrast to the other looping-defective mutants, rpb4Δ cells do not exhibit a transcription termination defect. RPB4 overexpression, however, rescued the transcription termination and gene looping defect of sua7-1, a mutant of TFIIB. Furthermore, RPB4 overexpression rescued the ssu72-2 gene looping defect, while SSU72 overexpression restored the formation of gene loops in rpb4Δ cells. Interestingly, the interaction of TFIIB with Ssu72 is compromised in rpb4Δ cells. These results suggest that the TFIIB–Ssu72 interaction, which is critical for gene loop formation, is facilitated by Rpb4. We propose that Rpb4 is promoting the transfer of RNAPII from the terminator to the promoter for reinitiation of transcription through TFIIB–Ssu72 mediated gene looping.

scholarly journals Phonocardiography Signals Compression with Deep Convolutional Autoencoder for Telecare Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5842
Author(s):  
Ying-Ren Chien ◽  
Kai-Chieh Hsu ◽  
Hen-Wai Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Remote Hospital ◽  
Convolutional Autoencoder ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Pcg Signals

Phonocardiography (PCG) signals that can be recorded using the electronic stethoscopes play an essential role in detecting the heart valve abnormalities and assisting in the diagnosis of heart disease. However, it consumes more bandwidth when transmitting these PCG signals to remote sites for telecare applications. This paper presents a deep convolutional autoencoder to compress the PCG signals. At the encoder side, seven convolutional layers were used to compress the PCG signals, which are collected on the patients in the rural areas, into the feature maps. At the decoder side, the doctors at the remote hospital use the other seven convolutional layers to decompress the feature maps and reconstruct the original PCG signals. To confirm the effectiveness of our method, we used an open accessed dataset on PHYSIONET. The achievable compress ratio (CR) is 32 when the percent root-mean-square difference (PRD) is less than 5%.

scholarly journals Ribosomal protein L7a binds RNA through two distinct RNA-binding domains

2004 ◽  
Vol 385 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia RUSSO ◽  
Monica CUCCURESE ◽  
Gianluca MONTI ◽  
Annapina RUSSO ◽  
Angela AMORESANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Rna Binding Domains

The human ribosomal protein L7a is a component of the major ribosomal subunit. We previously identified three nuclear-localization-competent domains within L7a, and demonstrated that the domain defined by aa (amino acids) 52–100 is necessary, although not sufficient, to target the L7a protein to the nucleoli. We now demonstrate that L7a interacts in vitro with a presumably G-rich RNA structure, which has yet to be defined. We also demonstrate that the L7a protein contains two RNA-binding domains: one encompassing aa 52–100 (RNAB1) and the other encompassing aa 101–161 (RNAB2). RNAB1 does not contain any known nucleic-acid-binding motif, and may thus represent a new class of such motifs. On the other hand, a specific region of RNAB2 is highly conserved in several other protein components of the ribonucleoprotein complex. We have investigated the topology of the L7a–RNA complex using a recombinant form of the protein domain that encompasses residues 101–161 and a 30mer poly(G) oligonucleotide. Limited proteolysis and cross-linking experiments, and mass spectral analyses of the recombinant protein domain and its complex with poly(G) revealed the RNA-binding region.

Cytokines and Antitumor Immunity

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Müller ◽  
Graham Pawelec
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Immune Selection ◽  
Danger Signals ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Successful Immunotherapy

Currently, the notion of immunosurveillance against tumors is enjoying something of a renaissance. Even if we still refuse to accept that tumors arising in the normal host are unable to trigger an immune response because of the lack of initiation (“danger”) signals, there is no doubt that the immune system can be manipulated experimentally and by implication therapeutically to exert anti-tumor effects. For this activity to be successful, the appropriate cytokine milieu has to be provided, making cytokine manipulation central to immunotherapy. On the other hand, the major hurdle currently preventing successful immunotherapy is the ability of tumors to evolve resistant variants under the pressure of immune selection. Here, too, the cytokine milieu plays an essential role. The purpose of this brief review is to consider the current status of the application of cytokines in facilitating antitumor immunity, as well their role in inhibiting responses to tumors. Clearly, encouraging the former but preventing the latter will be the key to the effective clinical application of cancer immunotherapy.

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