scholarly journals Iron Modulates Butyrate Production by a Child Gut Microbiota In Vitro

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dostal ◽  
Christophe Lacroix ◽  
Lea Bircher ◽  
Van Thanh Pham ◽  
Rainer Follador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Fermentation Model ◽  
Butyrate Production

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron (Fe) availability on butyrate production in the complex bacterial ecosystem of the human gut. Hence, different Fe availabilities were mimicked in anin vitrocolonic fermentation model (the polyfermenter intestinal model called PolyFermS) inoculated with immobilized gut microbiota from a child and in batch cultures of the butyrate producerRoseburia intestinalis. Shifts in the microbial community (16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR), metabolic activity (high-performance liquid chromatography), and expression of genes involved in butyrate production were assessed. In the PolyFermS, moderate Fe deficiency resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in butyrate production and a 5-fold increase in butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA):acetate CoA-transferase gene expression, while very strong Fe deficiency significantly decreased butyrate concentrations and butyrate-producing bacteria compared with the results under normal Fe conditions. Batch cultures ofR. intestinalisgrown in a low-Fe environment preferentially produced lactate and had reduced butyrate and hydrogen production, in parallel with upregulation of the lactate dehydrogenase gene and downregulation of the pyruvate:ferredoxin-oxidoreductase gene. In contrast, under high-Fe conditions,R. intestinaliscultures showed enhanced butyrate and hydrogen production, along with increased expression of the corresponding genes, compared with the results under normal-Fe conditions. Our data reveal the strong regulatory effect of Fe on gut microbiota butyrate producers and on the concentrations of butyrate, which contributes to the maintenance of host gut health.IMPORTANCEFe deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and can be corrected by Fe supplementation. In thisin vitrostudy, we show that environmental Fe concentrations in a continuous gut fermentation model closely mimicking a child's gut microbiota strongly affect the composition of the gut microbiome and its metabolic activity, particularly butyrate production. The differential expression of genes involved in the butyrate production pathway under different Fe conditions and the enzyme cofactor role of Fe explain the observed modulation of butyrate production. Our data reveal that the level of dietary Fe reaching the colon affects the microbiome, and its essential function of providing the host with beneficial butyrate.

Effects of exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus on human gut microbiota in in vitro fermentation model

LWT ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 110524
Author(s):  
Yuzhu Zhu ◽  
Jia-Min Zhou ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xionge Pi ◽  
Qingqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fermentation Model

scholarly journals The Impact of Low-Level Iron Supplements on the Faecal Microbiota of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Donors Using In Vitro Batch Cultures

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3819
Author(s):  
Carlos Poveda ◽  
Dora I. A. Pereira ◽  
Marie C. Lewis ◽  
Gemma E. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Ferrous iron supplementation has been reported to adversely alter the gut microbiota in infants. To date, the impact of iron on the adult microbiota is limited, particularly at low supplementary concentrations. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of low-level iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of healthy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) volunteers. Anaerobic, pH-controlled in vitro batch cultures were inoculated with faeces from healthy or IBS donors along with iron (ferrous sulphate, nanoparticulate iron and pea ferritin (50 μmol−1 iron)). The microbiota were explored by fluorescence in situ hybridisation coupled with flow cytometry. Furthermore, metabolite production was assessed by gas chromatography. IBS volunteers had different starting microbial profiles to healthy controls. The sources of iron did not negatively impact the microbial population, with results of pea ferritin supplementation being similar to nanoparticulate iron, whilst ferrous sulphate led to enhanced Bacteroides spp. The metabolite data suggested no shift to potentially negative proteolysis. The results indicate that low doses of iron from the three sources were not detrimental to the gut microbiota. This is the first time that pea ferritin fermentation has been tested and indicates that low dose supplementation of iron is unlikely to be detrimental to the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals A Small In Vitro Fermentation Model for Screening the Gut Microbiota Effects of Different Fiber Preparations

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsitko ◽  
Wiik-Miettinen ◽  
Mattila ◽  
Rosa-Sibakov ◽  
Maukonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Model ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

The development of prebiotic fibers requires fast high-throughput screening of their effects on the gut microbiota. We demonstrated the applicability of a mictotiter plate in the in vitro fermentation models for the screening of potentially-prebiotic dietary fibers. The effects of seven rye bran-, oat- and linseed-derived fiber preparations on the human fecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production were studied. The model was also used to study whether fibers can alleviate the harmful effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate on the microbiota. The antibiotic induced a shift in the bacterial community in the absence of fibers by decreasing the relative amounts of Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and increasing proteobacterial Sutterilaceae levels from 1% to 11% of the total microbiota. The fermentation of rye bran, enzymatically treated rye bran, its insoluble fraction, soluble oat fiber and a mixture of rye fiber:soluble oat fiber:linseed resulted in a significant increase in butyrate production and a bifidogenic effect in the absence of the antibiotic. These fibers were also able to counteract the negative effects of the antibiotic and prevent the decrease in the relative amount of bifidobacteria. Insoluble and soluble rye bran fractions and soluble oat fiber were the best for controlling the level of proteobacteria at the level below 2%.

scholarly journals Fucoxanthin, A Carotenoid Derived from Phaeodactylum tricornutum Exerts Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Neumann ◽  
Felix Derwenskus ◽  
Verena Flaiz Flister ◽  
Ulrike Schmid-Staiger ◽  
Thomas Hirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Microalgae contain a multitude of nutrients and can be grown sustainably. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, could have beneficial health effects. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiproliferative effects of fucoxanthin derived from this diatom in vitro. The effects of purified fucoxanthin on metabolic activity were assessed in blood mononuclear cells and different cell lines. In cell lines, caspase 3/7 activity was also analyzed. Nitrogen monoxide release and mRNA-expression of proinflammatory cytokines were measured. For antioxidant assays, cell free assays were conducted. Additionally, the antioxidant effect in neutrophils was quantified and glutathione was determined in HeLa cells. The results show that neither did fucoxanthin have anti-inflammatory properties nor did it exert cytotoxic effects on mononuclear cells. However, the metabolic activity of cell lines was decreased up to 58% and fucoxanthin increased the caspase 3/7 activity up to 4.6-fold. Additionally, dose-dependent antioxidant effects were detected, resulting in a 63% decrease in chemiluminescence in blood neutrophils and a 3.3-fold increase in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Our studies show that fucoxanthin possesses antiproliferative and antioxidant activities in vitro. Hence, this carotenoid or the whole microalgae P. tricornutum could be considered as a food or nutraceutical in human nutrition, showcasing beneficial health effects.

Diet drives quick changes in the metabolic activity and composition of human gut microbiota in a validated in vitro gut model

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Aguirre ◽  
Anat Eck ◽  
Marjorie E. Koenen ◽  
Paul H.M. Savelkoul ◽  
Andries E. Budding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals In Vitro Continuous Fermentation Model (PolyFermS) of the Swine Proximal Colon for Simultaneous Testing on the Same Gut Microbiota

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e94123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine A. Tanner ◽  
Annina Zihler Berner ◽  
Eugenia Rigozzi ◽  
Franck Grattepanche ◽  
Christophe Chassard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Simultaneous Testing ◽  
Fermentation Model

scholarly journals The alga Euglena gracilis stimulates Faecalibacterium in the gut and contributes to increased defecation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Nakashima ◽  
Kengo Sasaki ◽  
Daisuke Sasaki ◽  
Kosuke Yasuda ◽  
Kengo Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Bowel Movement Frequency ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Butyrate Production

AbstractThe alga Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) has recently gained attention as a health food, but its effects on human gut microbiota remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of E. gracilis on gut microbiota and defecation due to modulation of microbiota composition in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro model simulating human colonic microbiota revealed that E. gracilis addition stimulated the growth of commensal Faecalibacterium. Further, E. gracilis addition enhanced butyrate production by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Paramylon, an insoluble dietary fibre that accumulates in E. gracilis and is the main component of E. gracilis, did not stimulate Faecalibacterium growth in vitro. Daily ingestion of 2 g of E. gracilis for 30 days increased bowel movement frequency as well as stool volume in 28 human participants. Collectively, these findings indicate that E. gracilis components other than paramylon, stimulate the growth of Faecalibacterium to improve digestive health as well as promote defecation by increasing butyrate production.

scholarly journals 221 TYPICAL HIF1-REGULATED GENES ARE UNALTERED BY OXYGEN IN BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
A. Harvey ◽  
K. Kind ◽  
J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

Oxygen-regulated gene expression in the bovine embryo contrasts markedly with that observed in the mouse. Under low (2%) post-compaction oxygen conditions moderate changes in gene expression are observed in the bovine blastocyst (Harvey et al. 2004 Biol. Reprod. 71, in press), compared with 3–4 fold increases in the mouse (Kind et al. 2004 Mol. Reprod. Dev., in press). Specifically, GLUT-1 (Harvey et al. 2004), myotrophin, and anaphase-promoting complex 1 (Harvey et al., unpublished) mRNAs are increased in bovine blastocysts following 2% oxygen culture, compared with those cultured under 20% oxygen. These oxygen-mediated differences in gene expression in the bovine are most likely regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)2 transcription factor activity, as we have previously observed that HIF1α protein is not detectable in bovine embryos whereas HIF2α is readily detectable (Harvey et al. 2004). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of post-compaction oxygen concentration on the expression of typically HIF1-regulated and potential HIF2-regulated (suggested from a mouse knockout study; Scortegagna et al. 2003 Nat. Genet. 35, 371) genes in bovine blastocysts. In vitro-produced bovine embryos were generated using standard protocols. Compact morulae were randomly allocated to treatments under 2%, 7%, or 20% oxygen for 72 h from Day 5. Blastocyst RNA was isolated using TriReagent (Molecular Research Center, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) and samples were reverse-transcribed using Superscript II (Invitrogen, Melbourne, Australia). Amplification and analysis of cDNA was achieved by real-time PCR using specific primers and Sybr green PCR master mix (Applied BioSystems, Melbourne, Australia). Statistically significant differences in gene expression were analyzed by ANOVA, P < 0.05. Examination of expression of genes known to be regulated by HIF1 in somatic cells (reviewed by Semenza 2002 Biochem. Pharm. 64, 993) revealed no oxygen-mediated alteration in expression of aldose reductase, cyclooxygenase 2, or inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) displayed a 4-fold increase under 2% oxygen, compared with 7% and 20% oxygen (P < 0.001). Expression of glutathione peroxidase, and CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (putative HIF2-regulated genes) was not influenced by oxygen concentration post-compaction. This study suggests that typical HIF1-regulated genes are not influenced by alterations in the external oxygen environment in the bovine embryo. These results complement previous observations that HIF1α protein is not detectable in blastocyst-stage bovine embryos, and suggest that LDHA may be an HIF2 target gene in the bovine embryo. As embryo development is influenced by oxygen concentration, levels of LDHA at the blastocyst stage may be used as a marker of oxygen responsiveness.

scholarly journals In Vitro Gut Modeling as a Tool for Adaptive Evolutionary Engineering of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Isenring ◽  
Annelies Geirnaert ◽  
Alex R. Hall ◽  
Christoph Jans ◽  
Christophe Lacroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Evolutionary Engineering ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Fermentation Model

ABSTRACT Research and marketing of probiotics demand holistic strain improvement considering both the biotic and abiotic gut environment. Here, we aim to establish the continuous in vitro colonic fermentation model PolyFermS as a tool for adaptive evolutionary engineering. Immobilized fecal microbiota from adult donors were steadily cultivated up to 72 days in PolyFermS reactors, providing a long-term compositional and functional stable ecosystem akin to the donor’s gut. Inoculation of the gut microbiota with immobilized or planktonic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NZ3400, a derivative of the probiotic model strain WCFS1, led to successful colonization. Whole-genome sequencing of 45 recovered strains revealed mutations in 16 genes involved in signaling, metabolism, transport, and cell surface. Remarkably, mutations in LP_RS14990, LP_RS15205, and intergenic region LP_RS05100<LP_RS05095 were found in recovered strains from different adaptation experiments. Combined addition of the reference strain NZ3400 and each of those mutants to the gut microbiota resulted in increased abundance of the corresponding mutant in PolyFermS microbiota after 10 days, showing the beneficial nature of these mutations. Our data show that the PolyFermS system is a suitable technology to generate adapted mutants for colonization under colonic conditions. Analysis thereof will provide knowledge about factors involved in gut microbiota colonization and persistence. IMPORTANCE Improvement of bacterial strains in regard to specific abiotic environmental factors is broadly used to enhance strain characteristics for processing and product quality. However, there is currently no multidimensional probiotic strain improvement approach for both abiotic and biotic factors of a colon microbiota. The continuous PolyFermS fermentation model allows stable and reproducible continuous cultivation of colonic microbiota and provides conditions akin to the host gut with high control and easy sampling. This study investigated the suitability of PolyFermS for adaptive evolutionary engineering of a probiotic model organism for lactobacilli, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, to an adult human colonic microbiota. The application of PolyFermS controlled gut microbiota environment led to adaptive evolution of L. plantarum strains for enhanced gut colonization characteristics. This novel tool for strain improvement can be used to reveal relevant factors involved in gut microbiota colonization and develop adapted probiotic strains with improved functionality in the gut.

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