scholarly journals Differences in the Accessory Genomes and Methylomes of Strains of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Obtained from the Respiratory Tract of Horses from Texas

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Ruth A. Morris ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Angela I. Bordin ◽  
Sara D. Lawhon ◽  
Noah D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptococcus Equi

Strangles, caused by the host-specific bacterium Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (SEE), is the most commonly diagnosed infectious disease of horses worldwide. Its ancestor, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ), is frequently isolated from a wide array of hosts, including horses and humans.

scholarly journals Community-acquired Respiratory Viruses Are a Risk Factor for Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Peghin ◽  
Ibai Los-Arcos ◽  
Hans H Hirsch ◽  
Gemma Codina ◽  
Víctor Monforte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Rejection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients

Abstract Background The relationship between community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in lung transplant recipients is still controversial. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study (2009–2014) in all consecutive adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing lung transplantation in the Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron (Barcelona, Spain). We systematically collected nasopharyngeal swabs from asymptomatic patients during seasonal changes, from patients with upper respiratory tract infectious disease, lower respiratory tract infectious disease (LRTID), or acute rejection. Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Primary outcome was to evaluate the potential association of CARVs and development of CLAD. Time-dependent Cox regression models were performed to identify the independent risk factors for CLAD. Results Overall, 98 patients (67 bilateral lung transplant recipients; 63.3% male; mean age, 49.9 years) were included. Mean postoperative follow-up was 3.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.5–4.0 years). Thirty-eight lung transplant recipients (38.8%) developed CLAD, in a median time of 20.4 months (IQR, 12–30.4 months). In time-controlled multivariate analysis, CARV-LRTID (hazard ratio [HR], 3.00 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.52–5.91]; P = .002), acute rejection (HR, 2.97 [95% CI, 1.51–5.83]; P = .002), and cytomegalovirus pneumonitis (HR, 3.76 [95% CI, 1.23–11.49]; P = .02) were independent risk factors associated with developing CLAD. Conclusions Lung transplant recipients with CARVs in the lower respiratory tract are at increased risk to develop CLAD.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN 3M DI MASYARAKAT PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Dewi Novalia ◽  
Lina Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Quality Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Wuhan Area

At the end of 2019, the world was shocked by the new virus called the corona virus (COVID-19), this virus was first discovered in the Wuhan area, China. COVID-19 is an infectious disease that attacks the respiratory tract. Humans exposed to this virus usually experience mild to severe symptoms. The purpose of this literature study is to discuss how the 3M health protocols application . the method us the literature review. The literature consists of journals with a travel year from 2011 to 2021. Literature collection is done through google scholar using the keywords “3M health protocol”, “COVID-19 pandemic”, and “community”. The results of the literature search were 73 articles that were relevant to the keywords, as many as 60 articles were excluded because they were not relevant to the author’s criteria. Total 13 articles using inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained 5 articles with good quality. Review results show that most people have not implemented 3M health protocols properly and correctly, this is one of the causes of the increase in COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Online Program To Teach Microbiology to Internal Medicine Residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Guarner ◽  
Eileen M. Burd ◽  
Colleen S. Kraft ◽  
Wendy S. Armstrong ◽  
Kenya Lenorr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Online Program ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Case Based

Microbiology rounds are an integral part of infectious disease consultation service. During microbiology rounds, we highlight microbiology principles using vignettes. We created case-based, interactive, microbiology online modules similar to the vignettes presented during microbiology rounds. Since internal medicine residents rotating on our infectious disease elective have limited time to participate in rounds and learn microbiology, our objective was to evaluate the use of the microbiology online modules by internal medicine residents. We asked residents to complete 10 of 25 online modules during their infectious disease elective. We evaluated which modules they chose and the change in their knowledge level. Forty-six internal medicine residents completed assessments given before and after accessing the modules with an average of 11/20 (range, 6 to 19) and 16/20 (range, 9 to 20) correct questions, respectively (average improvement, 5 questions;P= 0.0001). The modules accessed by more than 30 residents included those related toClostridium difficile, anaerobes,Candidaspp.,Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza,Mycobacterium tuberculosis, andNeisseria meningitidis. We demonstrated improved microbiology knowledge after completion of the online modules. This improvement may not be solely attributed to completing the online modules, as fellows and faculty may have provided additional microbiology education during the rotation.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain AA2 (LMG 27630), an Early Isolate Recovered from the Airway of a German Cystic Fibrosis Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sass ◽  
Tom Coenye
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Patient ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Early Isolate

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is able to cause various infections, including airway infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we present the complete closed and annotated genome sequence of P. aeruginosa AA2, an isolate obtained early during infection of the respiratory tract of a German cystic fibrosis patient.

scholarly journals Prominent Binding of Human and Equine Fibrinogen to Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Is Mediated by Specific SzM Types and Is a Distinct Phenotype of Zoonotic Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
René Bergmann ◽  
Maria-Christin Jentsch ◽  
Albrecht Uhlig ◽  
Uwe Müller ◽  
Mark van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Distinct Phenotype ◽  
Deletion Mutagenesis ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTStreptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is an important pathogen in horses that causes severe diseases such as pneumonia and abortion. Furthermore, it is a zoonotic agent, and contact with horses is a known risk factor. In this study, we investigated the working hypothesis that the zoonotic potential varies among S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains in association with differences in M-like protein-mediated binding of host plasma proteins. We demonstrate via in-frame deletion mutagenesis of two different S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains that the M-like protein SzM is crucial for the binding of fibrinogen to the bacterial surface and for survival in equine and human blood. S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates of equine and human origins were compared with regard to SzM sequences and binding of equine and human fibrinogens. The N-terminal 216 amino acids of the mature SzM were found to exhibit a high degree of diversity, but the majority of human isolates grouped in three distinct SzM clusters. Plasma protein absorption assays and flow cytometry analysis revealed that pronounced binding of human fibrinogen is a common phenotype of human S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates but much less so in equine S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates. Furthermore, binding of human fibrinogen is associated with specific SzM types. These results suggest that SzM-mediated binding of human fibrinogen is an important virulence mechanism of zoonotic S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates.

scholarly journals Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Intensive Care Units in the United States: a Potential Role for New β-Lactam Combination Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomefa E. Asempa ◽  
David P. Nicolau ◽  
Joseph L. Kuti
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a frequent pathogen in the intensive care unit (ICU), has the propensity to develop antibiotic resistance. In particular, carbapenem-nonsusceptible (NS) P. aeruginosa poses tremendous challenges, and new antibiotics will be needed to treat this phenotype. Here we determine carbapenem nonsusceptibility rates for contemporary P. aeruginosa isolates from U.S. ICUs and in vitro activities of new β-lactam combination agents. Between July 2017 and June 2018, consecutive nonduplicate P. aeruginosa isolates from blood and respiratory tract sources were recovered from patients admitted to the ICUs of 36 geographically diverse U.S. hospitals. Antimicrobial susceptibility to the following antipseudomonal agents was tested: ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime-avibactam, and imipenem-relebactam (an investigational β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor). MICs and susceptibility rates were measured using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute reference broth microdilution methodology. Among the 538 consecutive ICU P. aeruginosa isolates collected, carbapenem nonsusceptibility was observed for 35% of the isolates and was more common among respiratory tract versus bloodstream specimens. Susceptibility rates, MIC50 values, and MIC90 values were as follows: ceftazidime-avibactam, 92.8%, 2 μg/ml, and 8 μg/ml; imipenem-relebactam, 91.5%, 0.25 μg/ml, and 2 μg/ml; ceftazidime, 77.1%, 4 μg/ml, and 64 μg/ml; meropenem, 72.7%, 1 μg/ml, and 16 μg/ml; imipenem, 67.1%, 2 μg/ml, and 16 μg/ml. Most (>75%) of the carbapenem-NS isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam and imipenem-relebactam. In these U.S. hospital ICUs, carbapenem-NS P. aeruginosa isolates from respiratory sources were frequently observed. Novel β-lactam combination agents appear to retain active in vitro susceptibility profiles against these isolates and may play a role in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-NS P. aeruginosa strains.

scholarly journals Characterization and Protective Immunogenicity of the SzM Protein of Streptococcus zooepidemicus NC78 from a Clonal Outbreak of Equine Respiratory Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Velineni ◽  
John F. Timoney
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Streptococcus Zooepidemicus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Amino Acid Homology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptococcus Equi

ABSTRACTStreptococcus zooepidemicusof Lancefield group C is a highly variable tonsillar and mucosal commensal that usually is associated with opportunistic infections of the respiratory tract of vertebrate hosts. More-virulent clones have caused epizootics of severe respiratory disease in dogs and horses. The virulence factors of these strains are poorly understood. The antiphagocytic protein SeM is a major virulence factor and protective antigen ofStreptococcus equi, a clonal biovar of an ancestralS. zooepidemicusstrain. Although the genome ofS. zooepidemicusstrain H70, an equine isolate, contains a partial homolog (szm) ofsem, expression of the gene has not been documented. We have identified and characterized SzM from an encapsulatedS. zooepidemicusstrain from an epizootic of equine respiratory disease in New Caledonia. The SzM protein of strain NC78 (SzMNC78) has a predicted predominantly alpha-helical fibrillar structure with an LPSTG cell surface anchor motif and resistance to hot acid. A putative binding site for plasminogen is present in the B repeat region, the sequence of which shares homology with repeats of the plasminogen binding proteins of human group C and G streptococci. Equine plasminogen is activated in a dose-dependent manner by recombinant SzMNC78. Only 23.20 and 25.46% DNA homology is shared with SeM proteins ofS. equistrains CF32 and 4047, respectively, and homology ranges from 19.60 to 54.70% for SzM proteins of otherS. zooepidemicusstrains. As expected, SzMNC78reacted with convalescent-phase sera from horses with respiratory disease associated with strains ofS. zooepidemicus. SzMNC78resembles SeM in binding equine fibrinogen and eliciting strong protective antibody responses in mice. Sera of vaccinated mice opsonizedS. zooepidemicusstrains NC78 and W60, the SzM protein of which shared partial amino acid homology with SzMNC78. We conclude that SzM is a protective antigen of NC78; it was strongly reactive with serum antibodies from horses during recovery fromS. zooepidemicus-associated respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Germinants and Their Receptors in Clostridia

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (20) ◽  
pp. 2767-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Disha Bhattacharjee ◽  
Kathleen N. McAllister ◽  
Joseph A. Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Spore Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Clostridial Species ◽  
Acetone Butanol Ethanol ◽  
Optimum Production ◽  
Shed Light

Many anaerobic spore-forming clostridial species are pathogenic, and some are industrially useful. Although many are strict anaerobes, the bacteria persist under aerobic and growth-limiting conditions as multilayered metabolically dormant spores. For many pathogens, the spore form is what most commonly transmits the organism between hosts. After the spores are introduced into the host, certain proteins (germinant receptors) recognize specific signals (germinants), inducing spores to germinate and subsequently grow into metabolically active cells. Upon germination of the spore into the metabolically active vegetative form, the resulting bacteria can colonize the host and cause disease due to the secretion of toxins from the cell. Spores are resistant to many environmental stressors, which make them challenging to remove from clinical environments. Identifying the conditions and the mechanisms of germination in toxin-producing species could help develop affordable remedies for some infections by inhibiting germination of the spore form. Unrelated to infectious disease, spore formation in species used in the industrial production of chemicals hinders the optimum production of the chemicals due to the depletion of the vegetative cells from the population. Understanding spore germination in acetone-butanol-ethanol-producing species can help boost the production of chemicals, leading to cheaper ethanol-based fuels. Until recently, clostridial spore germination is assumed to be similar to that ofBacillus subtilis. However, recent studies inClostridium difficileshed light on a mechanism of spore germination that has not been observed in any endospore-forming organisms to date. In this review, we focus on the germinants and the receptors recognizing these germinants in various clostridial species.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Six Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Serotypes 5, 6A, 6B, 18C, 19A, and 23F

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedvig E. Jakobsson ◽  
Francisco Salvà-Serra ◽  
Kaisa Thorell ◽  
Roger Karlsson ◽  
Lucia Gonzales-Silès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Pathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium found most commonly in the respiratory tract of humans and is a common cause of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of six S. pneumoniae strains: CCUG 1350, CCUG 7206, CCUG 11780, CCUG 33774, CCUG 35180, and CCUG 35272.

scholarly journals Chronic Airway Colonization byAchromobacter xylosoxidansin Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Not Sustained by Their Domestic Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Dupont ◽  
Estelle Jumas-Bilak ◽  
Clara Doisy ◽  
Fabien Aujoulat ◽  
Raphaël Chiron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
Airway Colonization

ABSTRACTAchromobacterspp. are nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli considered emergent pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although some cross-transmission events between CF patients have been described,Achromobacterstrains were mostly patient specific, suggesting sporadic acquisitions from nonhuman reservoirs. However, sources of these emergent CF pathogens remain unknown. A large collection of specimens (n= 273) was sampled in the homes of 3 CF patients chronically colonized byAchromobacter xylosoxidanswith the aim of evaluating the potential role of domestic reservoirs in sustaining airway colonization of the patients. Samples were screened for the presence ofAchromobacterby using genus-specific molecular detection. Species identification, multilocus genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns observed for environmental isolates were compared with those of clinical strains. Patient homes hosted a high diversity ofAchromobacterspecies (n= 7), includingAchromobacter mucicolensandA. animicus, two species previously isolated from human samples only, and genotypes (n= 15), all showing an overall susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.Achromobacterstrains were mostly isolated from indoor moist environments and siphons, which are potential reservoirs for several CF emerging pathogens.A. xylosoxidans, the worldwide prevalent species colonizing CF patients, was not the majorAchromobacterspecies inhabiting domestic environments.A. xylosoxidansgenotypes chronically colonizing the patients were not detected in their household environments. These results support the notions that the domestic environment could not be incriminated in sustained patient colonization and that after initial colonization, the environmental survival ofA. xylosoxidansclones adapted to the CF airways is probably impaired.IMPORTANCEAchromobacterspp. are worldwide emerging opportunistic pathogens in CF patients, able to chronically colonize the respiratory tract. Apart from regular consultations at the hospital CF center, patients spend most of their time at home. Colonization from nonhuman sources has been suggested, but the presence ofAchromobacterspp. in CF patients' homes has not been explored. The domestic environments of CF patients chronically colonized byAchromobacter, especially wet environments, host several opportunistic pathogens, including a large diversity ofAchromobacterspecies and genotypes. However,Achromobactergenotypes colonizing the patients were not detected in their domestic environments, making it unlikely that a shuttle between environment and CF airways is involved in persisting colonization. This also suggests that once the bacteria have adapted to the respiratory tract, their survival in the domestic environment is presumably impaired. Nevertheless, measures for reducing domestic patient exposure should be targeted on evacuation drains, which are frequently contaminated by CF opportunistic pathogens.

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