scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN 3M DI MASYARAKAT PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Dewi Novalia ◽  
Lina Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Quality Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Wuhan Area

At the end of 2019, the world was shocked by the new virus called the corona virus (COVID-19), this virus was first discovered in the Wuhan area, China. COVID-19 is an infectious disease that attacks the respiratory tract. Humans exposed to this virus usually experience mild to severe symptoms. The purpose of this literature study is to discuss how the 3M health protocols application . the method us the literature review. The literature consists of journals with a travel year from 2011 to 2021. Literature collection is done through google scholar using the keywords “3M health protocol”, “COVID-19 pandemic”, and “community”. The results of the literature search were 73 articles that were relevant to the keywords, as many as 60 articles were excluded because they were not relevant to the author’s criteria. Total 13 articles using inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained 5 articles with good quality. Review results show that most people have not implemented 3M health protocols properly and correctly, this is one of the causes of the increase in COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Edukasi Range Of Motion Aktif Kaki dengan Audiovisual pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II: Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Arinda Putri Hapsari ◽  
Putrono Putrono ◽  
Nina Indriyawati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: The number of death cause type II diabetic and the low of knowledge level in pyhsical activity is still high.Purpose: This literature review discusses about the usage of audiovisual as media for education to increase the level of type II diabetic accusative’s knowledge and skill in active lower ROM.Methods: This research used 9 articles from over 96 international and national journals published between 2015-2019, five databases were used to facilitate the literature research (Pubmed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, dan SINTA). Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the literature search were applied and PRISMA guidelines followed. The inclusion criteria of studies using audiovisual, type II diabetic, and active lower ROM. The exclusion criteria of this research are research that used media except audiovisual. Results: The result from this literature review is from 9 articles show that audiovisual is a good media for education especially education to increase the level of Type II diabetic accusative’s knowledge and skill in active lower ROM.Conclusion: Audiovisual can be used as media for education to increase the level of type II diabetic accusative’s knowledge and skill in lower active ROM.

Global Transmission of SARS-COV-2 in Schools, Religious Centres and Markets: An Exploratory Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortune Effiong ◽  
Abdulhammed opeyemi Babatunde ◽  
Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada ◽  
Kenneth Enwerem
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The World ◽  
Strict Compliance ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks ◽  
Close Contacts

Context: The transmission of COVID-19 was reported to have started at a Seafood Market in Wuhan, China predominantly through droplets from coughing and sneezing. Gatherings like schools, religious and worship centers as well as market places are usually densely populated and congested thereby facilitating the spread of the virus via droplets. This research aims to explore the transmission of COVID-19 in schools, religious gatherings and markets. Evidence Acquisition: Literature search of available evidences was conducted on biomedical databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords, and articles that met inclusion criteria were selected. Results: Results show that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been recorded in schools, religious centres and market places in different countries and regions. Transmission was found to be less prevalent among school children unlike in influenza outbreaks due to some notable factors highlighted in the articles. Numerous evidences stated cases of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 linked to intimacy and close contacts in religious gatherings. Transmission in market place marked the genesis of the pandemic at Huanan Seafood Wholesales Market, Wuhan although only limited evidences are available about transmission in other market places in the world. Conclusions: Although these gatherings are seen to be vital to our daily lives, they are risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. It is important for government to ensure strict compliance to the COVID-19 protocols in order mitigate the spread of the virus causing the current pandemic.

Gambaran Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil : Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Kiki Utari ◽  
R Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractPregnant women are very susceptible to anemia due to lack of food reserves and before pregnancy they were already anemic. Pregnant women need more iron intake than before pregnancy. Problems in pregnant women are problems in pregnancy that can cause anemia. This literature review aims to determine the description of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women from various articles. This study uses a descriptive method with a literature review approach. Search articles through PubMed and Google Scholar according to keywords and then analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and found 5 articles and reviewed using the Joanna Instrument (JBI). The description of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women showed anemia as many as 258 respondents (35.3%) and those who experienced anemia were not as many as 472 respondents (64.7%). In this literature review, it was concluded that most pregnant women did not experience anemia.Keywords: Anemia, Pregnant Women AbstrakIbu hamil sangat rentan mengalami anemia karena cadangan makanan kurang dan pada saat sebelum hamil sudah mengalami anemia. Ibu hamil membutuhkan asupan zat besi yang lebih banyak dibandingkan saat sebelum hamil. Permasalahan pada ibu hamil adalah masalah – masalah dalam kehamilan yang dapat menimbulkan anemia. Literatur Review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil dari berbagai artikel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan literature review. Pencarian artikel melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar sesuai dengan kata kunci kemudian dianalisa sesuai dengan keriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dan ditemukan 5 artikel dan di review menggunakan Instrument Joanna (JBI). Gambaran kejadian Anemia pada ibu hamil didapatkan hasil anemia sebanyak 258 responden (35,3%) dan yang mengalami tidak anemia sebanyak 472 responden (64,7%). Dalam penelitian literature review ini disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil tidak mengalami anemia.Kata kunci : Anemia, Ibu Hamil

Efektivitas Massage untuk Menurunkan Nyeri pada Pasien Post Operasi Sectio Caesarea

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Yumiati Padaka Reda Mata ◽  
Monica Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Reducing Stress

AbstractPain is one of the most common problem experienced by post caesarean section (SC) patients. Pain can lead to other impacts, such as decrease the comfort levels, impair patient mobilization, and interfere mother-baby bonding process. There are several nonpharmacological interventions to deal with pain, one of which is by doing massage, where there are several variations in the implementation of post SC maternal massage. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the literature on the effect of massage on decreasing intensity in post section caesarean mothers. Literature search is carried out electronically through google scholar pages, Cochrane, BMJ and Pubmed databases. The keywords used are massage, pain, caesarean, post SC, or post cesarean section. There are 11 research articles that discuss massage for decreasing maternal pain. The literature search results show that massage in post section caesarean mothers has an impact on decreasing the pain scale, providing comfort, and reducing stress. Massage is a safe and effective intervention performed in post caesarean section mothers. Keywords: massage; pain; post section caesarean  AbstrakNyeri merupakan salah satu masalah utama yang dialami oleh ibu post section caesarea (SC). Nyeri dapat berdampak pada berbagai hal, diantaranya menurunnya tingkat kenyamanan pasien, mengganggu mobilisasi, dan menghambat dalam proses bonding ibu dan bayi. Terdapat beberapa intervensi nonfarmakologi untuk mengurangi nyeri, salah satunya adalah dengan massage. literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hasil-hasil penelitian tentang pengaruh massage dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada ibu post SC. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara elektronik melalui google scholar, Cochrane, BMJ dan Pubmed. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah massage, nyeri, post SC, dan post section caesarean. Terdapat 11 artikel penelitian mengenai massage untuk menurunkan nyeri maternal. Hasil penelusuran literatur menunjukkan bahwa massage pada ibu post SC bermanfaat dalam menurunkan skala nyeri, memberikan kenyamanan, dan mengurangi stress. Massage merupakan intervensi yang aman dan efektif dilaksanakan untuk ibu post SC. Kata kunci: massage; nyeri; post section caesarea

Have interventions been effective at increasing the rates of breastfeeding in the UK?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shortis
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Combined Interventions

Background The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life; however, UK breastfeeding rates are some of the lowest worldwide. As such, various interventions have been trialled, aiming to increase breastfeeding rates. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to increase breastfeeding rates in the UK and determine the features of successful interventions. Methods A literature search was performed, using four databases. The results were refined by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two additional articles were recognised by scanning the references sections of identified studies, resulting in 12 articles for review. Findings Support-based interventions had predominantly insignificant effects upon breastfeeding rates. Incentives were associated with increases in rates, while combined interventions had mixed success. The interventions were well received by mothers and clinicians and may help to normalise breastfeeding. Conclusions Future interventions should provide targeted, personalised support to overcome breastfeeding difficulties, and reward mothers for their efforts.

scholarly journals MONITORING PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI PIL KB ORAL DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Putri Devy Septya ◽  
Martanty Aditya ◽  
Hendra Godeliva Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Birth Control Pills

Abstrak Pil KB oral merupakan salah satu alat kontrasepsi paling banyak digunakan oleh para wanita untuk mencegah kehamilan. Namun pil KB juga memiliki efek samping yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah ?140 mmHg (sistolik) dan ?90 mmHg (diastolik) atau dikenal dengan hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan kontrasepsi pil KB oral dapat menimbulkan resiko terjadinya hipertensi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literture review dengan sumber data melalui pencarian secara menyeluruh dengan mesin pencari PubMed dan Google Scholar untuk menemukan artikel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan kata kunci tertentu dalam periode 2010-2020 kemudian dilakukan review. Hasil penelusuran yang didapatkan yaitu 3 artikel ilmiah secara observasional dengan menggunakan metode cohort dan cross sectional. Hasil dari literature review ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kontrasepsi pil KB oral dapat menimbulkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dari artikel ilmiah yang memiliki nilai p-value dibawah 0,05. Namun adapula yang membuktikan bahwa penggunaan kontrasepsi oral di usia muda tidak menyebabkan hipertensi pascamenopause serta terdapat artikel yang menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan pil KB kombinasi yang didapatkan dari klinik AS dengan penggunaan pil KB kombinasi yang didapatkan tanpa resep dokter tapi penggunaan pil KB perlu lebih di pantau agar tidak terjadi resiko yang diinginkan. Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, literature review, pil KB Abstract Oral contraceptive pills are one of the most widely used contraceptives for women to prevent pregnancy. However, oral contraceptive pills also have side effects, one of which is increasing blood pressure to ? 140 mmHg (systolic) and ? 90 mmHg (diastolic) or known as hypertension. This study aimed to determine whether the use of oral contraceptive pills poses a risk of developing hypertension. The method used in this study was literature review whose data were sourced from thorough searches with the PubMed and Google Scholar to find articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria with certain keywords in the 20102020 and then reviewed. The results obtained were 7 scientific articles observed using a case control and cross sectional methods. The results of this literature review indicate that the use of oral contraceptive pills can increase the risk of developing hypertension. This is evidenced by scientific articles with a p-value below 0.05. However, there is also evidence that the use of oral contraceptives at a young age does not cause postmenopausal hypertension and there is an article stating that there is no significant link between the use of combination birth control pills obtained from U.S. clinics and the use of combination birth control pills obtained without a doctor's prescription but the use of birth control pills needs to be monitored more so that there is no desired risk. Keywords: Hypertension, literature review, oral contraceptive pills

scholarly journals Literature Study of Lean Implementation Framework for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fatma Nadia Amin ◽  
Putu Dana Karningsih
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Lean Implementation ◽  
The World ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Many companies in developed countries are implementing lean manufacturing and offering significant results. However, experts argue that the concept can not only be used in large companies but also in SMEs. Some SMEs in the world have also implemented the lean concept, but there have been many failures during implementation. This is because of the lean implementation framework. Several researchers have developed specific frameworks for lean implementation in SMEs. Therefore the final objective of this study is a lean implementation framework that is suitable for SMEs in Indonesia. In this research, the first step of the literature study is to search for previous studies on google scholar, emerald, elsevier, etc. related to the lean framework. Furthermore, comparing and comparing the framework in previous research. This comparison can be a lean implementation in Indonesia, with the strengths and weaknesses of each of these frameworks

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Yang Terpapar Asap Rokok

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frenky D. Awuy ◽  
Diana S. Purwanto ◽  
Yanti M. Mewo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility

Abstract: Cigarettes can cause oxidative stress that may cause various health problems such as the decrease of spermatozoa quality. The disturbed state of  spermatozoa results in a decrease quality of the spermatozoa which may effect fertility. Vitamin C is an antioxidant which is believed to affect improving the quality of spermatozoa. This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin C on the quality of spermatoza exposed to cigarette smoke. This research was conducted by literature review using three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ClinicalKey. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 10 articles research for assessment. The results show that the decrease in spermatozoa concentration is due to the nicotine contained in cigarette smoke. By giving vitamin C, it can reduce oxidative stress which can cause lipid peroxidation, and then reduce the decrease in spermatozoa concentration. There is also an improvement in spermatozoa motility and morphology after vitamin C administration. Vitamin C as an antioxidant plays a role in fighting free radicals, so that the spermatozoa cell membrane remains protected. In conclusion, consumption of vitamin C shows an effect to improve the quality of spermatozoa exposed to cigarette smoke, including increasing/improving the concentration, morphology, and motility of spermatozoa.Keywords: vitamin C, spermatozoa, smoker  Abstrak: Rokok menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif yang dapat mengakibatkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan seperti penurunan kualitas spermatozoa. Keadaan spermatozoa yang terganggu mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa sehingga akan memengaruhi kesuburan. Vitamin C merupakan antioksidan yang dipercaya dapat memengaruhi peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin C terhadap kualitas spermatoza yang terpapar asap rokok. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan ClinicalKey. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 10 artikel untuk dilakukan penilaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan konsentrasi spermatozoa disebabkan oleh kandungan nikotin dalam asap rokok. Pemberian vitamin C dapat menurunkan stres oksidatif yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya peroksidasi lipid, kemudian menekan penurunan konsentrasi spermatozoa. Terdapat juga perbaikan motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa setelah pemberian vitamin C. Vitamin C sebagai antioksidan berfungsi untuk menanggulangi radikal bebas, sehingga membran sel spermatozoa akan tetap terlindungi. Sebagai simpulan, pemberian vitamin C menunjukkan adanya pengaruh untuk meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa yang terpapar asap rokok, meliputi peningkatan/perbaikan konsentrasi, morfologi, dan motilitas spermatozoa.Kata kunci: vitamin C, spermatozoa, asap rokok

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kafein terhadap Tekanan Intraokular

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Juanito ◽  
Wenny P. Supit ◽  
Laya M. Rares
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Review Study

Abstract: High intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the risk factors of glaucoma or worsening of its prognosis. There are a lot of external factors that can affect IOP inter alia exercise, as well as some food and drinks. One of the drinks that could affect IOP is coffee that contains caffeine. This study was aimed to evaluate whether caffeine had an effect on IOP. This was a literature review study using 4 data bases, as follows: Clinical Key, Pub-med, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The keywords were Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 literatures were selected. The results showed that some literatures reported an increase in IOP after caffeine consumption, the others reported a decrease in IOP, meanwhile some others did not find any change of IOP. In conclusion, the effect of caffeine on IOP was acute. People who had high intensity of caffeine consumption had a more significant increase in IOP after consuming caffeine.Keywords: caffeine, intraocular pressure (IOP)  Abstrak: Peningkatan tekanan intraokular (TIO) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko untuk terjadinya glaukoma atau memperburuk prognosis glaukoma. Terdapat banyak faktor eksternal yang dapat memengaruhi TIO, antara lain olahraga, minuman, dan makanan. Salah satu minuman yang dapat memengaruhi TIO ialah kopi yang mengandung kafein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh kafein pada tekanan intraokular. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan empat database yaitu Clinical key, PubMed, Google scholar, dan Science direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Seleksi data berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Hasil kajian mendapatkan bahwa beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya peningkatan TIO setelah konsumsi kafein, penelitian lain melaporkan penurunan TIO, dan terdapat pula penelitian yang tidak menemukan perubahan apapun. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pengaruh kafein pada TIO hanya berlangsung akut. Individu yang memiliki intensitas konsumsi kafein lebih tinggi menunjukkan peningkatan TIO yang lebih nyata setelah mengonsumsi kafein.Kata kunci: kafein, tekanan intraokular (TIO) 

scholarly journals Literature Review : Gambaran Bullying Pada Remaja

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1165-1171
Author(s):  
Sherly Auliasari Harbelubun ◽  
I Irnawati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Search Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Verbal Bullying ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Victims Of Bullying ◽  
Commit Suicide

AbstractA half of teenagers in the world agcd 13-15 year, or around 150 million teenagers, have experienced bullying. This shows that bullying behavior is rampant in adolescence. The impact on victims of bullying such as fear, skipping school, furthermore commit suicide. Meanwhile, a browbeating person often becomes vindictive and violent. The Objectives this study aims to determine the description of bullying in adolescents.The Methods this literature review search results for articles from PubMed, Google scholar found five articles. All articles were appraised by using hawker instruments. The Result this study showed that the average age of reepondents is 14,84 years, primarily females who were victims of bullying (36.9% adolescents), as perpetrators of bullying 19.8% adolescents. Meanwhile, non-victims and perpetrators are as much as 43.3% of adolescents. The type of bullying experienced by victims is verbal bullying (39.3%). Similarly, 39.0% of adolescents are perpetrators of verbal bullying. The Conclusions the victims of bullying are more than those who reported being bullies. The type of bullying in adolescents was mostly verbal bullying.Keywords: Adolescens; bullying; bullies; victims of bullying. AbstrakRemaja di dunia yang berusia 13-15 tahun sebanyak 50% atau setara 150 juta remaja pernah mengalami bullying. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa perilaku bullying sangat tinggi pada usia remaja. Dampak bagi korban bullying seperti ketakutan, tidak ingin sekolah hingga berkeinginan untuk bunuh diri, sedangkan dampak oleh pelaku bullying sering kali pelaku menjadi pendendam, dan berbuat kekerasan. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran bullying pada remaja. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan literature review. Hasil pencarian artikel dari PubMed, Google scholar didapatkan 5 artikel. Alat ukur menggunakan instrument hawker. Hasil penelitian ini usia responden rata-rata 14,84 tahun, jenis kelamin paling banyak yaitu perempuan, gambaran korban dan pelaku bullying menjadi korban bullying yaitu 36,9% remaja, sebagai pelaku bullying 19,8% remaja, sedangkan bukan korban dan pelaku sebanyak 43,3% remaja, gambaran jenis bullying pada remaja yaitu bullying yang dialami oleh korban bullying paling banyak adalah bullying verbal yaitu 39,3% remaja, sedangkan jenis bullying yang dilakukan oleh pelaku bullying paling banyak adalah bullying verbal yaitu 39,0% remaja. Simpulan penelitian ini karakteristik responden meliputi usia dan jenis kelamin, yang melaporkan menjadi korban bullying lebih banyak dari yang melaporkan sebagai pelaku bullying, jenis bullying pada remaja sebagian besar bullying adalah bullying verbal.Kata kunci: Remaja; Bullying; Pelaku bullying; Korban bullying

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