scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on the Antibacterial Activity and Safety of a New Antimicrobial Peptide Dermaseptin-AC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Doudou Hao ◽  
Kai Mei ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
In Vivo Studies

In this study, we discovered a new antimicrobial peptide, Dermaseptin-AC, and studied its in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity. These studies provide some data for finding new antimicrobial peptides for overcoming antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals The Designer Antimicrobial Peptide A-hBD-2 Facilitates Skin Wound Healing by Stimulating Keratinocyte Migration and Proliferation

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobin Mi ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Liangcong Hu ◽  
Yukun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
High Sodium

Background/Aims: Antimicrobial peptides are effective promoters of wound healing but are susceptible to degradation. In this study, we replaced the GIGDP unit on the N-terminal of the endogenous human antimicrobial peptide hBD-2 with APKAM to produce A-hBD-2 and analyzed the effect on wound healing both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The effects of A-hBD-2 and hBD-2 on cytotoxicity and proliferation in keratinocytes were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The structural stability and antimicrobial activity of hBD-2 and A-hBD-2 were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus. RNA and proteins levels were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell migration was evaluated using a transwell assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Wound healing was assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Epidermal thickness was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: We found that hBD-2 exhibited cytotoxicity at high concentrations and decreased the structural stability in the presence of high sodium chloride concentrations. A-hBD-2 exhibited increased structural stability and antimicrobial activity, and had lower cytotoxicity in keratinocytes. A-hBD-2 increased the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes via phosphorylation of EGFR and STAT3 and suppressed terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. We also found that A-hBD-2 elicited mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and stimulated keratinocytes to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines via phospholipase C activation. Furthermore, A-hBD-2 promoted wound healing in vivo. Conclusion: Our data suggest that A-hBD-2 may be a promising candidate therapy for wound healing.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides Epinecidin-1 and Beta-Defesin-3 Are Effective against a Broad Spectrum of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Isolates and Increase Survival Rate in Experimental Sepsis

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Albert Bolatchiev
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Sterile Saline

The antimicrobial peptides human Beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3) and Epinecidin-1 (Epi-1; by Epinephelus coioides) could be a promising tool to develop novel antibacterials to combat antibiotic resistance. The antibacterial activity of Epi-1 + vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (22 isolates) and Epi-1 + hBD-3 against carbapenem-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 23), Klebsiella aerogenes (n = 17), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 9), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 13) was studied in vitro. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of hBD-3 and Epi-1, ICR (CD-1) mice were injected intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa. The animals received a single injection of either sterile saline, hBD-3 monotherapy, meropenem monotherapy, hBD-3 + meropenem, or hBD-3 + Epi-1. Studied peptides showed antibacterial activity in vitro against all studied clinical isolates in a concentration of 2 to 32 mg/L. In both experimental models of murine sepsis, an increase in survival rate was seen with hBD-3 monotherapy, hBD-3 + meropenem, and hBD-3 + Epi-1. For K. pneumoniae-sepsis, hBD-3 was shown to be a promising option in overcoming the resistance of Klebsiella spp. to carbapenems, though more research is needed. In the P. aeruginosa-sepsis model, the addition of Epi-1 to hBD-3 was found to have a slightly reduced mortality rate compared to hBD-3 monotherapy.

scholarly journals One Hundred Faces of Geraniol

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Mączka ◽  
Katarzyna Wińska ◽  
Małgorzata Grabarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Household Products ◽  
Fragrance Compound

Geraniol is a monoterpenic alcohol with a pleasant rose-like aroma, known as an important ingredient in many essential oils, and is used commercially as a fragrance compound in cosmetic and household products. However, geraniol has a number of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the activity of geraniol against prostate, bowel, liver, kidney and skin cancer. It can induce apoptosis and increase the expression of proapoptotic proteins. The synergy of this with other drugs may further increase the range of chemotherapeutic agents. The antibacterial activity of this compound was also observed on respiratory pathogens, skin and food-derived strains. This review discusses some of the most important uses of geraniol.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides Protect Coho Salmon fromVibrio anguillarum Infections

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1928-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Jia ◽  
A. Patrzykat ◽  
R. H. Devlin ◽  
P. A. Ackerman ◽  
G. K. Iwama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fish Pathogens

ABSTRACT Fish losses from infectious diseases are a significant problem in aquaculture worldwide. Therefore, we investigated the ability of cationic antimicrobial peptides to protect against infection caused by the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. To identify effective peptides for fish, the MICs of certain antimicrobial peptides against fish pathogens were determined in vitro. Two of the most effective antimicrobial peptides, CEME, a cecropin-melittin hybrid peptide, and pleurocidin amide, a C-terminally amidated form of the natural flounder peptide, were selected for in vivo studies. A single intraperitoneal injection of CEME did not affect mortality rates in juvenile coho salmon infected with V. anguillarum, the causative agent of vibriosis. Therefore, the peptides were delivered continuously using miniosmotic pumps placed in the peritoneal cavity. Twelve days after pump implantation, the fish received intraperitoneal injections ofV. anguillarum at a dose that would kill 50 to 90% of the population. Fish receiving 200 μg of CEME per day survived longer and had significantly lower accumulated mortalities (13%) than the control groups (50 to 58%). Fish receiving pleurocidin amide at 250 μg per day also survived longer and had significantly lower accumulated mortalities (5%) than the control groups (67 to 75%). This clearly shows the potential for antimicrobial peptides to protect fish against infections and indicates that the strategy of overexpressing the peptides in transgenic fish may provide a method of decreasing bacterial disease problems.

scholarly journals DECIPHERING THE PHARMACOLOGICAL INSIGHTS OF FRACTIONATED ELATOSTEMA PAPILLOSUM WED. AND HOLIGARNA LONGIFOLIA ROXB. THROUGH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Md. Zia Uddin ◽  
◽  
Md. Sohel Rana ◽  
Subrata Chowdhury ◽  
Arkajyoti Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The present research intended to explore the biological activities, namely acute toxicity test and hypoglycemic as well as in vitro anti-arthritic along with the antibacterial activity of crude methanol extracts with its different soluble fractions like petroleum ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of Holigarna longifolia and Elatostema papillosum. Phytochemical screening was performed by established protocols. Acute toxicity and hypoglycemic effects were performed in experimental and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In vitro anti-arthritic and antibacterial activity were conducted by protein denaturation inhibitory and disc diffusion methods. It was observed that no rats exhibit any lethality types, which reveal the safety of plant fractionates. It was also seen that both plants' fractionates showed significant (p < 0.01) activity on hyperglycemia compared to standard. Upon investigation, it was observed that crude methanol and its CS fraction of E. papillosum and only CS fraction of H. longifolia significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited denaturation of bovine serum albumin protein compared to standard diclofenac sodium. Moreover, it was observed that crude methanol extract and its CS fraction of E. papillosum showed significant inhibitory action on all Gram-positive bacteria's growth. In contrast, the PES fraction highlighted an inhibitory zone of 26.7 and 24.7 mm, respectively, towards B. subtilis and S. aureus. This study provides some support to explain the traditional uses of H. longifolia and E. papillosum.

Will antimicrobial resistance of BRD pathogens impact BRD management in the future?

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Brumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Qualitative Interpretation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractResistance is a qualitative interpretation of antimicrobial activity in vitro. Critical to management of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the clinical response in vivo. Attempts to connect activity in vitro to response in vivo have been complicated by the complexity of BRD, interpretation of antimicrobial activity in vitro, and inconsistent measures of clinical success or failure. During recent history, the discovery, development, and commercialization of antimicrobials have decreased. In response to resistance, voluntary and imposed restrictions on use of antimicrobials have been implemented. Resistance can be reversed using technology and knowledge of mechanisms of resistance. Perhaps approaches that reverse resistance will be used in clinical management of BRD in the future. The short answer to the question posed in the title is, ‘yes.’ Since antimicrobial drugs were discovered, resistance has been a consideration for selection of treatment of any infectious disease and BRD is not unique. In the opinion of the author, the more important question is, ‘How will antimicrobial resistance of BRD pathogens impact BRD management in the future?’

Contraceptive efficacy of antimicrobial peptide Nisin: in vitro and in vivo studies

Contraception ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Aranha ◽  
Sadhana Gupta ◽  
K.V.R Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Contraceptive Efficacy

scholarly journals Influence of the Sodium Salt of 3α,7α-Dihydroxy-12-Oxo-5β-Cholanate on Antimicrobial Activity of Ampicillin In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Suvajdžić ◽  
Slobodan Gigov ◽  
Aleksandar Rašković ◽  
Srđan Stojanović ◽  
Maja Bekut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Background: Multiple resistances to antibiotics are an emergent problem worldwide. Scientists intensively search for new substances with the antimicrobial potential or the mode to restore the activity of old-generation antibiotics. Ampicillin is the antibiotic with the expanded range of antimicrobial activity, but its use has decreased due to the poor absorption and highly developed resistance. In vivo studies showed that ampicillin has better absorption and bioavailability if combined with bile acid salts. The aim of this study was to examine antimicrobial effects of ampicillin alone and its combination with semisynthetic monoketocholic acid salt (MKH) in vitro.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, commercial preparation of ampicillin and sodium salt of 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12oxo-5β-cholanate were used. Their effects were evaluated on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), obtained from urine specimens of dogs with clinically manifested cystitis. The first two investigated strains were ampicillin-sensitive, while E. faecium was resistant to ampicillin. Modified macrodilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines (M7-A8) was performed. Bacterial suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland was prepared in saline, compared to the standard (Biomerieux) ad oculi. The density was checked spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 625 nm and adjusted if necessary to the desired absorbance from 0.08 to 0.1. The resultant suspension was diluted 1:100 and inoculated in test tubes. Number of bacteria was counted on Petri plates using dilutions from 10-3 to 10-7 in order to obtain valid and countable plates. One hundred microliters of appropriate dilutions were aseptically plated in triplicate onto nutrient agar. Plates were incubated on 37°C for 72 h, under aerobic conditions. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was determined by direct counting. As a valid for enumeration, we took plates with 30 to 300 CFU. Percentage of killed bacteria for ampicillin was from 69.33-95.19% for E. coli, 87.1296.92% for E. faecalis and 7.20-33.30% for E. faecium. Ampicillin applied in the combination with MKH killed 99.99% to 100% of E. coli, 94.59% to 99.91% of E. faecalis and 31.73% to 64.76% of E. faecium. Mean percentage of killed bacteria for ampicillin was 81.93% for E. coli, 91.64% for E. faecalis, and 18.13% for E. faecium, while in combination with MKH percentage was 99.96% for E. coli, 98.23% for E. faecalis and 47.54% for E. faecium.Discussion: Results are presented as pharmacological minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Ampicillin was applied at the concentration higher than the therapeutic one, which could explain high MIC values for E. coli and E. faecalis. The combination of ampicillin with MKH showed the best improvement of antimicrobial effect on E. faecium (Δ = 29.41%), isolate that was resistant to ampicillin when applied alone. In all the investigated isolates, the combinations with MKH were more effective than ampicillin administered alone. It seems that MKH demonstrates a synergistic antimicrobial activity with ampicillin in vitro, which considerably decreases MIC values for all investigated isolates. These results implicate that MKH could restore the previous activity of ampicillin against some bacteria, which could be a significant benefit for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity from Species Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, a Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Juliane Maria dos Santos Silva ◽  
Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida ◽  
Cristiane dos Santos Cerqueira Alves ◽  
Daniel Amando Nery ◽  
Livia Maria Oliveira Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Introduction: Nowadays, several bacteria have acquired resistance to available antimicrobial agents making necessary the search for new therapeutic alternatives. Plectranthus amboinicus L. is a succulent and aromatic herb, popularly known as thick leaf mint, used in popular medicine for the treatment of colds, digestive diseases, asthma, headache and to fight pathogenic bacteria activity. In view the antimicrobial activity of P. amboinicus this study had as aim to review publications involving researches about antimicrobial activity of this species. Materials and Methods: For this, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Scielo databases were consulted in November 2020 using the keywords Plectranthus amboinicus and antimicrobial activity. In vitro and/or in vivo studies on the antimicrobial activity of the species in the last 10 years were considered. Results: The main microorganisms evaluated were: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some Candida species. The essential oils had carvacrol, germacrene D, thymol and camphor as main constituents. Most studies evaluated the antimicrobial activity using broth dilution and agar diffusion methods. In most studies essential oil, extracts and/or isolated substances showed significant antimicrobial activity. Synergistic activity was also observed through association with antibiotics. Conclusion: P. amboinicus has therapeutic potential for antimicrobial treatments and can be an alternative to the treatment of resistant microorganisms and that further in vivo and clinical studies with the species are still needed.

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