Evolution of mafic lavas in Central Anatolia: Mantle source domains

We present new Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data on mafic lavas from the Sivas, Develidağ, Erciyes, and Erkilet volcanic complexes in central Turkey and Tendürek in eastern Turkey to evaluate the mantle sources for volcanism in the context of the geodynamic evolution of the Anatolian microplate. Early Miocene through Quaternary volcanism in Western Anatolia and latest Miocene through Quaternary activity in Central Anatolia were dominated by contributions from two distinct source regions: heterogeneous metasomatized or subduction-modified lithosphere, and roughly homogeneous sublithospheric ambient upper mantle; we model the source contributions through mixing between three end members. The sublithospheric mantle source plots close to the Northern Hemisphere reference line (NHRL) with radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb of ~19.15, while the other contributions plot substantially above the NHRL in Pb isotope space. The lithospheric source is heterogeneous, resulting from variable pollution by subduction-related processes likely including direct incorporation of sediment and/or mélange; its range in radiogenic isotopes is defined by regional oceanic sediment and ultrapotassic melts of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The geochemical impact of this contribution is disproportionately large, given that subduction-modified lithosphere and/or ocean sediment dominates the Pb isotope signatures of mafic Anatolian lavas. Subduction of the Aegean or Tethyan seafloor, associated with marked crustal shortening, took place throughout the region until ca. 16–17 Ma, after which time broad delamination of the thickened lower crust and/or the Tethyan slab beneath Central Anatolia allowed for sediment and/or mélange and slab-derived fluids to be released into the overlying evolving modified mantle. Aggregation of melts derived from both mantle and lithospheric domains was made possible by upwelling of warm asthenospheric material moving around and through the complexly torn younger Aegean-Cyprean slab that dips steeply to the north beneath southern Anatolia.

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Supplemental Material: Evolution of mafic lavas in Central Anatolia: Mantle source domains

10.1130/geos.s.15063120.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

T. Furman ◽

et al.

Keyword(s):

Mantle Source ◽

Mixing Model ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Mafic Lavas

Figure S1: The three endmember mixing model for the Anatolian lavas in (a) εNd-εHf and (b) εNd-87Sr/86Sr space. Table S1: Compositions of endmembers used in modeling.

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New insights for the mantle source components of the most primitive recent basaltic rocks from central and western Anatolia: Evidences for the involvement of pyroxenite and the peridotite source domains

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8074 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Biltan Kurkcuoglu ◽

Tekin Yurur

Keyword(s):

Mantle Source ◽

Incompatible Element ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Spinel Peridotite ◽

Western Anatolia ◽

The West ◽

Cinder Cones ◽

Basaltic Rocks ◽

Mantle Sources ◽

Source Component

<div> Basaltic activities&#160; developed&#160; extensively in central and western Anatolia since middle &#8211;Miocene to quaternary time, the most primitive lavas are&#160; situated at&#160; the eastern end of&#160; central Anatolia, (southern Sivas) and the most recent ones&#160; are situtated in central (basaltic cinder cones at south of Hasanda&#287;) and also in western Anatolia (Kula region),&#160; Among those&#160; primitive recent&#160; lavas, mantle sources that are responsible for the generation of basaltic rocks is&#160; still a matter of a debate. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Previous studies suggested&#160; that&#160; spinel peridotite source&#160;&#160; is the dominant source&#160; component&#160; for many of the basaltic rocks which are situated in several different locations in central Anatolia, including, Erciyes and Hasanda&#287; stratovolcanoes,&#160; Erkilet, Develida&#287;, Karap&#305;nar vents and Salanda fissure eruptions while Sivas fissure basalts in the east, &#160;Gediz and Kula&#160; basalts in the west, were&#160; derived&#160; mostly&#160; from&#160; the&#160; garnet peridotite sources, but , the &#160;specific&#160; incompatible element ratios&#160; and the melting model based on Rare Earth Elements obviously&#160; indicate that&#160; these basaltic rocks could not be solely generated&#160; from&#160; the garnet- spinel transition zone, &#160;&#160;instead another mantle source component need to be involved&#160; in the generation of the basaltic rocks. Tb/Yb(N) and Zn/Fe&#160; ratios provide significant values&#160; &#160;in order to constraint for the magmas&#160; generated from the asthenosphere.&#160; Tb/Yb(N) ratio seperates&#160; garnet &#8211; spinel transition [1]&#160; and Zn/Fe&#160; ratio&#160; displays separation between the peridotite-derived (Zn/Fe <12, [2,3]) and pyroxenite-derived (13-20 [2,3]) melts. &#160;Zn/Fe, as well as&#160; the&#160; Tb/Yb(N) ratios and the melting model display&#160; that single spinel&#160; source&#160;&#160; component&#160; is not solely&#160;&#160; responsible for&#160; the generation of&#160; the basaltic rocks,&#160;&#160; pyroxenite&#160; source domain&#160; should&#160;&#160;&#160; also&#160; be involved in&#160; &#160;during&#160; the genesis of these rocks as well, besides, the &#160;contributions from &#160;the both of the&#160; mantle source domains also explain the&#160; depleted&#160; magma nature that is observed&#160; in some of recent basaltic rocks ( e.g, Salanda &#160;and &#160;Hasanda&#287;&#160; volcanic&#160; systems) which is diffrent &#160;from the dominated alkaline character, &#160;generally observed&#160; as&#160; the &#160;&#160;final products&#160; of central Anatolian &#160;magmatism &#160;&#160; 1.Wang et al., 2002, J.Geophys.Res.vol:107,ECV 5 1-21 2 .Le Roux, et al.,2011,EPSL, vol:307, 395-408 </div>3. Ducea, et al.,2013, GEOLOGY, Vol:41, 413-417This study&#160;&#160; is financially supported by Hacettepe University, BAB project no: FHD-2018-17283

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Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic significance of mantle source components from Central and Western Anatolia: Melting evidences from peridotite and pyroxenite source domains

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12162 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Biltan Kurkcuoglu ◽

Tekin Yürür

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

Mantle Source ◽

Middle Miocene ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Western Anatolia ◽

Basaltic Rocks ◽

South Central ◽

Source Component ◽

Mantle Component ◽

Isotopic Systematic

Extensive magmatic activities were developed in &#160;Central and Western Anatolia,&#160; since middle miocene to quaternary times,&#160;&#160; the most primitive lavas are situated in eastern end of Central (Sivas) and also western (Kula) Anatolia, besides Kula basalts are&#160; one of the most recent basaltic rocks together with&#160; basalts&#160; from south-central Anatolia.&#160; &#160;Although the magmatism is generally&#160;&#160; observed at several different&#160; locations, the recent&#160;&#160; basaltic rocks in both of the regions &#160;&#160;seem to be derived from&#160; the melting&#160; of the peridotite and pyroxenite &#160;source &#160;domains and the latter one&#160; was ignored in previous studies as source component.&#160;The previous studies indicate that many of the basaltic rocks from Central and Western Anatolia&#160; are related with spinel-garnet transition, but typical Tb/Yb(N) (>1.8; [1]) and Zn/Fe&#160; &#160;(separates peridotite-derived (Zn/Fe <12; [2]) and pyroxenite-derived (Zn/Fe 13-20); [2] melts)&#160; Co/Fe&#160; ratios of the basaltic rocks from&#160; several volcanic centers from Central and Western Anatolia&#160; reveal that&#160;&#160; melting from the single&#160; source component&#160; are not solely capable of&#160; the producing&#160; basaltic &#160;rocks.&#160;&#160;Sr-Nd and Pb isotopic &#160;compositions &#160;clearly display the distinction &#160;of samples which are&#160; linked to&#160; &#160;&#160;asthenospheric source. The lead isotopic systematic &#160;shows&#160; no siginificant differences&#160; among the Central and Western Anatolian basalts,&#160; of all the samples are above the NHRL line and close to EM II&#160; mantle component, &#160;Sr- Nd&#160; isotopes&#160; also display similar compositions as well, the majority of the samples are in and close to mantle array,&#160;&#160; but the &#160;Sr isotopic composition &#160;&#160;of&#160; Miocene aged &#160;Gediz and Simav lavas have high radiogenic values.&#160;Tb/Yb(N),&#160; Zn/Fe ratios&#160; and &#160;&#160;as well as the Pb isotopic&#160; compositions and REE-based melting model reveal &#160;that Sivas, Erciyes Hasanda&#287;, and Develida&#287; samples in central Anatolia,&#160; and Kula, Gediz basalt in western Anatolia&#160; seem to be&#160; derived from the amalgamated melting of&#160; pyroxenite and peridotite sources, &#160;&#160;besides, &#160;the sources melting is capable of &#160;the producing&#160; &#160; &#160;elemental variations in &#160;basaltic rocks related with either lithospheric delamination or lithospheric&#160; unstability<ul><li>1.Wang et al., 2002, J.Geophys.Res.vol:107,ECV 5 1-21</li> <li>2 .Le Roux, et al.,2011,EPSL, vol:307, 395-408</li> </ul>This study is financially supported by Hacettepe University, BAB project no: FHD-2018-17283&#160;

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Le volcanisme quaternaire d'Anatolie centrale (Turquie): association de magmatismes calco-alcalin et alcalin en domaine de convergence

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e95-087 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1058-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

E. Aydar ◽

A. Gourgaud ◽

C. Deniel ◽

N. Lyberis ◽

N. Gundogdu

Keyword(s):

Lava Flows ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Calc Alkaline ◽

Quaternary Volcanism ◽

The North ◽

Volcanic Events ◽

Collision Tectonics ◽

Historical Times ◽

Scoria Cones ◽

Alkali Feldspars

Collision volcanism in Central Anatolia (Cappadocia) began at least in the late Miocene. Because of the North–South Arabian-Eurasian convergence since this period, the Anatolian block is displaced towards the West along the North and East Anatolian strike-slip faults. Kinematic reconstructions show that the East Anatolian Fault is both sinistral and convergent. As a consequence, the Anatolian block is currently being deformed. Quaternary volcanism in Central Anatolia is represented by several hundreds of monogenetic scoria cones, lava flows, maars, and domes as well as two strato-volcanoes, Hasan Dag and Erciyes Dag. The monogenetic volcanism is bimodal (basalts and rhyolites), whereas the stratovolcanoes exhibit a complete calc-alkaline suite, from basalts to rhyolites. Most of the igneous products are calc-alkaline. Basalts erupted mainly from the monogenetic cones, lava flows, and maars. Andesites are encountered in the strato-volcanoes as lava flows, domes, and nuees ardentes deposits. Dacites and rhyolites occur as ignimbrites and dispersed maars and domes. Volcanic events were recorded up to historical times. Some basalts from monogenetic edifices, contemporaneous with the calc-alkaline suite, exhibit mineralogical and geochemical features that are typical of intraplate alkaline suites, such as normative nepheline, alkali feldspars, and Ti and Cr-rich Cpx. Euhedral microlites of aluminous garnet, although rare, have been observed in basalts, rhyodacites, and rhyolites. This association of contemporaneous calc-alkaline and alkaline suites may be related to collision tectonics.

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Supplemental Material: Evolution of mafic lavas in Central Anatolia: Mantle source domains

10.1130/geos.s.15063120 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

T. Furman ◽

et al.

Keyword(s):

Mantle Source ◽

Mixing Model ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Mafic Lavas

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Potential Source Areas for Atmospheric Lead Reaching Ny-Ålesund from 2010 to 2018

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 388

Author(s):

Andrea Bazzano ◽

Stefano Bertinetti ◽

Francisco Ardini ◽

David Cappelletti ◽

Marco Grotti

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Enrichment Factors ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Back Trajectory ◽

Pb Isotope ◽

Back Trajectories ◽

Source Areas ◽

The North ◽

Central Asian ◽

Pb Concentration

Lead content, enrichment factors, and isotopic composition (208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb) measured in atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) samples collected for nine years at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard islands, Norwegian Arctic) during spring and summer are presented and discussed. The possible source areas (PSA) for particulate inferred from Pb isotope ratio values were compared to cluster analysis of back-trajectories. Results show that anthropogenic Pb dominates over natural crustal Pb, with a recurring higher influence in spring, compared to summer. Crustal Pb accounted for 5–16% of the measured Pb concentration. Anthropogenic Pb was affected by (i) a Central Asian PSA with Pb isotope signature compatible with ores smelted in the Rudny Altai region, at the Russian and Kazakhstan border, which accounted for 85% of the anthropogenic Pb concentration, and (ii) a weaker North American PSA, contributing for the remaining 15%. Central Asian PSA exerted an influence on 71–86% of spring samples, without any significant interannual variation. On the contrary, 59–87% of summer samples were influenced by the North American PSA, with higher contributions during 2015 and 2018. Back-trajectory analysis agreed on the seasonal difference in PSA and highlighted a possible increased influence for North American air masses during summer 2010 and 2018, but not for summer 2015.

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Yanik Tepe, Shengavit, and the Khirbet Kerak Ware

Anatolian Studies ◽

10.2307/3642508 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 165-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruth Amiran

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Single Element ◽

The North ◽

Great Affinity ◽

Wide Range

The problem dealt with in the following note, concisely worded in the title, has been occupying the attention of many scholars for quite some time, but seems now to have anchored at a haven, from which further research is already in progress. It may be considered a generally consented assumption, that the phenomenon of the Kh. Kerak Ware (which comprises all the occurrences of this distinctive ware, from Tabara el Akrad Levels IV–I, Amuq Phase H, Hama Niveau K5 in the north, to all the sites in Palestine, as far south as Jericho Tomb A, Tomb F4, etc.) is part of a much larger phenomenon, which stretches over a much wider area. It is evident that we cannot understand a single element, the Kh. Kerak Ware, unless we see it as belonging to a whole phenomenon. It is the great affinity, indeed almost homogeneity of the pottery, both shapes, surface treatment and decoration, which unifies the whole wide range of separated regions, from Transcaucasia (the Kura-Arax culture of B. Kuftin), Armenia and Azerbaidjan, through Eastern and Central Anatolia, to the whole length of the Levant, into one phenomenon.

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A new approach to estimate pollutant emissions based on trajectory modelling and its application in the North China Plain

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-11-31137-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 31137-31158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Y. Xu ◽

C. S. Zhao ◽

P. F. Liu ◽

L. Ran ◽

N. Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

New Approach ◽

The North ◽

The North China Plain ◽

Source Contributions ◽

Co Emission

Abstract. Emission information is crucial for air quality modelling and air quality management. In this study, a new approach based on the understanding of the relationship between emissions and measured pollutant concentrations has been proposed to estimate pollutant emissions and source contributions. The retrieval can be made with single point in-situ measurements combined with backward trajectory analyses. The method takes into consideration the effect of meteorology on pollutant transport when evaluating contributions and is independent of energy statistics, therefore can provide frequent updates on emission information. The spatial coverage can be further improved by using measurements from several sites and combining the derived emission fields. The method was applied to yield the source distributions of black carbon (BC) and CO in the North China Plain (NCP) using in-situ measurements from the HaChi (Haze in China) Campaign and to evaluate contributions from specific areas to local concentrations at the measurement site. Results show that this method can yield a reasonable emission field for the NCP and can directly quantify areal source contributions. Major BC and CO emission source regions are Beijing, the western part of Tianjin and Langfang, Hebei, with Tangshan being an additional important CO emission source area. The source contribution assessment suggests that, aside from local emissions in Wuqing, Tianjin and Hebei S, SW (d < 100 km) are the greatest contributors to measured local concentrations, while emissions from Beijing contribute little during summertime.

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The two-stage Aegean extension, from localized to distributed, a result of slab rollback acceleration

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjes-2015-0203 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1142-1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Brun ◽

Claudio Faccenna ◽

Frédéric Gueydan ◽

Dimitrios Sokoutis ◽

Mélody Philippon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle Miocene ◽

Middle Eocene ◽

Sedimentary Basins ◽

Ductile Deformation ◽

Metamorphic Rocks ◽

Western Anatolia ◽

Two Stage ◽

The North ◽

Slab Rollback ◽

Slab Tearing

Back-arc extension in the Aegean, which was driven by slab rollback since 45 Ma, is described here for the first time in two stages. From Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene, deformation was localized leading to (i) the exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks to crustal depths, (ii) the exhumation of high-temperature metamorphic rocks in core complexes, and (iii) the deposition of sedimentary basins. Since Middle Miocene, extension distributed over the whole Aegean domain controlled the deposition of onshore and offshore Neogene sedimentary basins. We reconstructed this two-stage evolution in 3D and four steps at Aegean scale by using available ages of metamorphic and sedimentary processes, geometry, and kinematics of ductile deformation, paleomagnetic data, and available tomographic models. The restoration model shows that the rate of trench retreat was around 0.6 cm/year during the first 30 My and then accelerated up to 3.2 cm/year during the last 15 My. The sharp transition observed in the mode of extension, localized versus distributed, in Middle Miocene correlates with the acceleration of trench retreat and is likely a consequence of the Hellenic slab tearing documented by mantle tomography. The development of large dextral northeast–southwest strike-slip faults, since Middle Miocene, is illustrated by the 450 km long fault zone, offshore from Myrthes to Ikaria and onshore from Izmir to Balikeshir, in Western Anatolia. Therefore, the interaction between the Hellenic trench retreat and the westward displacement of Anatolia started in Middle Miocene, almost 10 Ma before the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault in the North Aegean.

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«Cimmero-Scythian» antiquities from Central Anatolia

Восток Афро-Азиатские общества история и современность ◽

10.31857/s086919080017592-8 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Sergey V. Makhortykh

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Composition ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Western Anatolia ◽

Asian Origin ◽

Near Eastern ◽

Western Asia ◽

Archaeological Materials ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Different Cultures ◽

Significant Concentration

Central Anatolia is one of the regions of Western Asia, where the most significant concentration of archaeological materials connected with the Eurasian nomads of the early Scythian time is recorded. The flat plains of Central Anatolia had good pastures and served as a space where different cultures communicated with each other since ancient times. In the 7th–6th centuries BC this territory was located between Western Anatolia with Lydia and the eastern Greek centers and Eastern Anatolia, which was the zone of interest of the Urartu and Assyria. Small local "principalities" were localized here. These principalities were probably controlled by well-armed and mobile nomads, who used this territory as a base for raids on neighboring as well as more distant regions. An important and most numerous category of nomad inventory coming from the region is constituted by bronze socketed arrowheads found in burials in the province of Amasya, Imirler, Gordion and on the local settlements (Boğazköy, Kaman-Kalehöyük, Kerkenez Dağ). The article introduces their typology and provides analogies coming from the Eurasian monuments of the 7th–6th centuries BC. The study of early nomadic complexes from Anatolia shows theirsyncretic nature, which is influenced by artifacts of the Cimmerian, Scythian, and Сentral Asian origin as well as the local Near Eastern items. It highlights the complex ethnic composition of the nomadic groups located here in the 7th–6th centuries BC that does not allow attributing all these materials to a single group, for example, the Cimmerians.

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