Some Aspects of the Current State of Prenatal Stress and the Role of Oxidative Stress in the Realization of Its Consequences

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating multifactorial syndrome, involving progressive deterioration and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. It affects about 80% of patients with advanced cancer and causes premature death. No causal therapy is available against CC. In the last few decades, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to muscle wasting during cancer has markedly increased. Both inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) alter anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways mostly culminating with muscle depletion. Several preclinical studies have emphasized the beneficial roles of several classes of nutraceuticals and modes of physical exercise, but their efficacy in CC patients remains scant. The route of nutraceutical administration is critical to increase its bioavailability and achieve the desired anti-cachexia effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that a single therapy may not be enough, and a bimodal intervention (nutraceuticals plus exercise) may be a more effective treatment for CC. This review focuses on the current state of the field on the role of inflammation and OS in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy during CC, and how nutraceuticals and physical activity may act synergistically to limit muscle wasting and dysfunction.

Download Full-text

Oxidative Stress and the Neurovascular Unit

Life ◽

10.3390/life11080767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 767

Author(s):

Carmela Rinaldi ◽

Luigi Donato ◽

Simona Alibrandi ◽

Concetta Scimone ◽

Rosalia D’Angelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Neurovascular Unit ◽

Brain Cells ◽

Cell Type ◽

Current State ◽

Different Types ◽

Single Cell Type ◽

The Relationship ◽

Brain Homeostasis

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a relatively recent concept that clearly describes the relationship between brain cells and their blood vessels. The components of the NVU, comprising different types of cells, are so interrelated and associated with each other that they are considered as a single functioning unit. For this reason, even slight disturbances in the NVU could severely affect brain homeostasis and health. In this review, we aim to describe the current state of knowledge concerning the role of oxidative stress on the neurovascular unit and the role of a single cell type in the NVU crosstalk.

Download Full-text

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Current State

Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

10.1016/b978-044452809-4/50154-x ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 283-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nirit Lev ◽

Yossi Gilgun-Sherki ◽

Daniel Offen ◽

Eldad Melamed

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Current State

Download Full-text

Oxidative stress and macrophages: driving forces behind exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00456.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 316 (2) ◽

pp. L369-L384 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Linsey E. S. de Groot ◽

T. Anienke van der Veen ◽

Fernando O. Martinez ◽

Jörg Hamann ◽

René Lutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Current State ◽

Airway Diseases ◽

Obstructive Airway Diseases

Oxidative stress is a common feature of obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung macrophages are key innate immune cells that can generate oxidants and are known to display aberrant polarization patterns and defective phagocytic responses in these diseases. Whether these characteristics are linked in one way or another and whether they contribute to the onset and severity of exacerbations in asthma and COPD remain poorly understood. Insight into oxidative stress, macrophages, and their interactions may be important in fully understanding acute worsening of lung disease. This review therefore highlights the current state of the art regarding the role of oxidative stress and macrophages in exacerbations of asthma and COPD. It shows that oxidative stress can attenuate macrophage function, which may result in impaired responses toward exacerbating triggers and may contribute to exaggerated inflammation in the airways.

Download Full-text

The role of selected antioxidants in the development and treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.5252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 516-528

Author(s):

Dominika Markowska ◽

Daria Malicka ◽

Jarosław Nuszkiewicz ◽

Karolina Szewczyk-Golec

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽

Current State ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Significant Health

The widespread aging of societies results in the intensification of the development of neurodegenerative diseases associated with advanced age, including Parkinson’s disease. Unfortunately, modern medicine is not able to unequivocally determine the etiopathogenesis of the disease, which is why no causative treatment can be given. According to the current state of knowledge, in the course of Parkinson’s disease the substantia nigra pars compacta in the midbrain degenerates, leading to a decrease in dopamine levels in the patient’s brain. This results in neurotransmission disturbances and the development of undesirable effects. Neurodegenerative changes are supposedly caused by the combination of various factors, including genetic factors, chronic inflammation, the interaction of toxins, disturbances in protein metabolism, and oxidative stress. The therapeutic possibilities associated with the administration of antioxidants, which could alleviate increased oxidative stress and contribute to the better quality of life of the patient, are considered. Taking into account the studies on numerous antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10, B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E and resveratrol, it cannot be unequivocally stated that this is an effective treatment, because experiments carried out on both humans and animals gave conflicting results. It is reasonable to say that antioxidant deficiencies should be avoided and the physiological levels should be sought, as this may be translated into significant health benefits.

Download Full-text

Sulfur – Containing Amino Acids in Seizures: Current State of the Art

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170609090613 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 378-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dragan Hrncic ◽

Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽

Duro Macut ◽

Dusan Mladenovic ◽

Veselinka Susic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Homocysteine Thiolactone ◽

Current State ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: Homocysteine and taurine are non-proteinogenic sulfur-containing amino acids with numerous important physiological roles. Homocysteine and taurine are considered to be neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, the first showing clear hyperexcitability role, while the second is known by its inhibitory and neuroprotective properties. Objective: In this article we addressed the role of homocysteine and its related metabolite homocysteine thiolactone in the development of seizures, focusing on its experimental models in vivo, potential mechanisms of proepileptogenic activity via interactions with glutamatergic neurotransmission, sodium pump activity, oxidative stress, cholinergic system and NO-mediated neuronal signaling, as well as the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to modulate its proconvulsive activity. Additionally, herein we will focus on taurine neuroprotective effects linked with its anticonvulsive properties and mediated by taurine interactions with GABA-ergic and glutamatergic system and oxidative stress.

Download Full-text

NADPH oxidase CYBA polymorphisms, oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20070130 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 173-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Gorka San José ◽

Ana Fortuño ◽

Óscar Beloqui ◽

Javier Díez ◽

Guillermo Zalba

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Matrix Protein ◽

Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

System A ◽

Current State ◽

State Of Research

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several major cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, stroke and diabetes. ROS (reactive oxygen species) affect multiple tissues either directly or through NO depletion. ROS induce cardiovascular dysfunction by modulating cell contraction/dilation, migration, growth/apoptosis and extracellular matrix protein turnover, which contribute to vascular and cardiac remodelling. Of the several sources of ROS within the cardiovascular system, a family of multisubunit NADPH oxidases appears to be a predominant contributor of superoxide anion. Recent findings suggest a significant role of the genetic background in NADPH oxidase regulation. Common genetic polymorphisms within the promoter and exonic sequences of CYBA, the gene that encodes the p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, have been characterized in the context of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to present the current state of research into these polymorphisms in their relationship to cardiovascular diseases.

Download Full-text