Effect of prophylactic dextrose gel on the neonatal gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2021-322757
Author(s):  
Sophie L St Clair ◽  
Jane E Harding ◽  
Justin M O’Sullivan ◽  
Gregory D Gamble ◽  
Jane M Alsweiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycaemia ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Dna Concentration ◽  
Stool Samples

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of prophylactic dextrose gel on the infant gut microbiome.DesignObservational cohort study nested in a randomised trial.SettingThree maternity hospitals in New Zealand.PatientsInfants at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia whose parents consented to participation in the hypoglycaemia Prevention in newborns with Oral Dextrose trial (hPOD). Infants were randomised to receive prophylactic dextrose gel or placebo gel, or were not randomised and received no gel (controls). Stool samples were collected on days 1, 7 and 28.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was microbiome beta-diversity at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes were beta-diversity, alpha-diversity, bacterial DNA concentration, microbial community stability and relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa at each time point.ResultsWe analysed 434 stool samples from 165 infants using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. There were no differences between groups in beta-diversity at 4 weeks (p=0.49). There were also no differences between groups in any other microbiome measures including beta-diversity (p=0.53 at day 7), alpha-diversity (p=0.46 for day 7 and week 4), bacterial DNA concentration (p=0.91), microbial community stability (p=0.52) and microbial relative abundance at genus level. There was no evidence that exposure to any dextrose gel (prophylaxis or treatment) had any effect on the microbiome. Mode of birth, type of milk fed, hospital of birth and ethnicity were all associated with differences in the neonatal microbiome.ConclusionsClinicians and consumers can be reassured that dextrose gel used for prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia does not alter the neonatal gut microbiome.Trial registration number12614001263684.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: An Updated Review

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sikora ◽  
Albert Stec ◽  
Magdalena Chrabaszcz ◽  
Aleksandra Knot ◽  
Anna Waskiel-Burnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

(1) Background: A growing body of evidence highlights that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of psoriasis. The gut–skin axis is the novel concept of the interaction between skin diseases and microbiome through inflammatory mediators, metabolites and the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to synthesize current data on the gut microbial composition in psoriasis. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating intestinal microbiome in psoriasis, using the PRISMA checklist. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant published articles (2000–2020). (3) Results: All of the 10 retrieved studies reported alterations in the gut microbiome in patients with psoriasis. Eight studies assessed alpha- and beta-diversity. Four of them reported a lack of change in alpha-diversity, but all confirmed significant changes in beta-diversity. At the phylum-level, at least two or more studies reported a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and higher Firmicutes in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant association between alterations in gut microbial composition and psoriasis; however, there is high heterogeneity between studies. More unified methodological standards in large-scale studies are needed to understand microbiota’s contribution to psoriasis pathogenesis and its modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Straw-Based Biopurification Systems to Remove Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and Triclosan from Wastewaters: Dominant Microbial Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Laura Delgado-Moreno ◽  
Pieter van Dillewijn ◽  
Rogelio Nogales ◽  
Esperanza Romero
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Methyl Triclosan ◽  
Source Contamination ◽  
Biopurification Systems ◽  
Olive Mill

The continued discharge of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into the environment due to their widespread use and the lack of effective systems for their removal from water is a global problem. In this study, the dissipation of ibuprofen, diclofenac and triclosan added simultaneously in biopurification systems (BPSs) with different compositions and their effect on the microbial community structure was analysed. Three BPSs, constituted by mixtures of soil (S), peat (P), or raw wet olive mill cake (A) or its vermicompost (V) and straw (S) were prepared (SPS, SAS and SVS). Sorption and degradation experiments were carried out. After 84 days of incubation, more than 85% of each PPCP applied had dissipated. Methyl-triclosan was determined to be highest in the SVS biomixture. Biomixtures with lower C/N ratio and higher alpha diversity were the most effective in the removal of PPCPs. Initially, the BPS biomixtures showed a different microbial structure dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes but after addition of PPCPs, a similar pattern was observed in the relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi, the class Sphingobacteriia and the genus Brevundimonas. These biopurification systems can be useful to prevent point source contamination due to the disposal of PPCP-contaminated waters.

O-143 Characterization of vaginal and endometrial microbiome in patients with chronic endometritis (CE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P LOZANO ◽  
A Bernabeu ◽  
B Lledó ◽  
R Morales ◽  
F I Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Endometritis

Abstract Study question Could vaginal and endometrial microbiome by sequencing 16S rRNA be comparable to classic diagnostic methods or immunohistochemistry CD138 for diagnosis of chronic endometritis? Summary answer A characteristic endometrial and vaginal microbiome is present in patients with chronic endometritis. An abnormal vaginal microbiome correlates with the presence of chronic endometritis. What is known already Chronic endometritis is a disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the endometrial lining. Currently, histopathological evaluation by immunohistochemistry CD138 marker is most common diagnostic method for CE. Microbiome analysis based on subunit 16S rRNA sequencing is a fast tool that can enable the identification of pathogenic microorganisms associated with CE. The main bacteria at vaginal and endometrial level belong to genus Lactobacillus, producers of lactic acid that allows maintaining acidic pH of vagina and acts as barrier against pathogens. Investigations on the effect of an abnormal endometrial and vaginal microbiome could improve assisted reproductive technologies. Study design, size, duration This is a observational pilot study (60 patients and 120 samples). The study population consists of patients attending to our fertility clinic for frozen euploid embryo transfer (FET) from May 2017 to May 2019. Preimplantation Genetic Testing of aneuploidy (PGT-A) was performed at blastocyst stage using Veriseq (Illumina). The inclusion criteria to be meet by patients were: age between 18 and 50 years, own or donated oocytes and use of ICSI. Participants/materials, setting, methods Cohort study with sixty patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment (TRA) with their own or donated gametes and PGT-A Vaginal and endometrial samples were taken in the cycle prior to embryo transfer. The vaginal and endometrial microbiome was analyzed by mass sequencing of the V3V4 region of 16S rRNA. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using QIIME2 and MicrobiomeAnalyst packages. Alpha, beta diversity and taxonomic characterization were compared with positive and negative CD138 groups for chronic endometritis (CE). Main results and the role of chance Different bacterial communities were detected when vaginal and endometrial samples were analyzed in patients with and without endometritis diagnosed with CD138 immunohistochemistry. In patients with endometritis, a higher alpha diversity index tendency was found in vaginal samples (p = 0.15 for the Shannon index) and significant differences in endometrial samples (p = 0.01 for the Shannon index). In the beta diversity analysis, no significant differences were observed between the groups established as per the diagnosis of endometritis. Vaginal and endometrial samples from women with endometritis showed a microbiome pattern not dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Relative abundance analysis identified the genera Ralstonia and Gardnerella in endometrial sample, and the genera Streptoccoccus and Ureaplasma in vaginal sample of patients diagnosed with CD138 for endometritis. Comparing endometrial and vaginal samples CD138 positive diagnosed for endometritis, alpha diversity (p = 0.06 for the Shannon index and p = 0.08 for the Simpson index) and beta diversity (p < 0.001) showed significant differences. Relative abundance identified the genera Lactobacillus (p = 3.76E-4), Ralstonia (p = 8.19E-4), Delftia (p = 0.004) and Anaerobacillus (p = 0.004) in these sample groups. Limitations, reasons for caution The main limitation of this study is the small sample size. Larger studies including a higher number of samples are needed to confirm the different microbiome pattern observed at the vaginal and endometrial levels in correlation with chronic endometritis. The microbiome pattern has not been analyzed after treatment of CE. Wider implications of the findings Our findings suggest the existence of a characteristic vaginal and endometrial microbiota in patients with chronic endometritis. Different genera and species were identified in patients with and without endometritis depending on whether the sample was endometrial or vaginal. An abnormal vaginal microbiome appears to be strongly correlated with chronic endometritis. Trial registration number Not Applicable

scholarly journals Evidence supporting the microbiota–gut–brain axis in a songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 20200430
Author(s):  
Morgan C. Slevin ◽  
Jennifer L. Houtz ◽  
David J. Bradshaw ◽  
Rindy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Host Development

Recent research in mammals supports a link between cognitive ability and the gut microbiome, but little is known about this relationship in other taxa. In a captive population of 38 zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ), we quantified performance on cognitive tasks measuring learning and memory. We sampled the gut microbiome via cloacal swab and quantified bacterial alpha and beta diversity. Performance on cognitive tasks related to beta diversity but not alpha diversity. We then identified differentially abundant genera influential in the beta diversity differences among cognitive performance categories. Though correlational, this study provides some of the first evidence of an avian microbiota–gut–brain axis, building foundations for future microbiome research in wild populations and during host development.

scholarly journals Stool Microbiota in Infants Receiving Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula, Amino Acid Formula, or Human Milk Through Two Months of Age (FS04-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Car Reen Kok ◽  
Bradford Brabec ◽  
Maciej Chichlowski ◽  
Cheryl Harris ◽  
Nancy Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Diversity Measures ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk ◽  
Stool Microbiota

Abstract Objectives Infant feeding practices play a central role in development of gut microbiome and community structure. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that diets with intact or extensively hydrolyzed proteins or free amino acids may differentially affect the intestinal microbiota composition and immune reactivity. Methods This multicenter, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, pilot study compared stool microbiota outcomes from Baseline (1-7 days of age) up to 60 days of age in healthy term infants. Infants received mother's own milk (assigned to human milk [HM] reference group) (n = 25) or were randomized to receive one of two infant formulas: amino-acid based (AAF; n = 25) or extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk protein (EHF; n = 28). Neither study formula included added Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. DNA was extracted (Baseline, Day 30, Day 60), 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced (Illumina MiSeq), and exact amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were assigned using the DADA2 model. Alpha (Shannon, Simpson, Chao1) and beta diversity (Bray Curtis distance) and differential abundance in taxa were analyzed. Relative ASV enrichment (Baseline vs Day 60) was visualized using heat maps and taxa abundance was analyzed by DESEq2 in R (ver 3.4.3). Results Complete stool data (all study time points) were available for 49 participants. Baseline alpha diversity measures were similar among groups. The HM group remained stable throughout the study. However, alpha diversity measures by Day 60 were significantly higher for AAF and EHF groups compared to HM. Significant group differences in beta diversity at Day 60 were detected (P < 0.001); AAF and EHF clustered more closely compared to the HM group. Relative Bifidobacterium abundance increased over time and was significantly enriched at Day 60 in the HM group (Figure, A). At Day 60, a significant increase in members of Firmicutes was detected for AAF and EHF groups; a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia) was observed for EHF (Figure, B). Conclusions Distinct patterns of early neonatal microbiome establishment were demonstrated for infants receiving mother's own milk compared to amino acid-based or extensively hydrolyzed protein infant formulas. Providing different sources of dietary protein early in life may impact gut microbiome development. Funding Sources Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Camila S Marcolla ◽  
Benjamin Willing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P &lt; 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P &lt; 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P &lt; 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P &lt; 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P &gt; 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

Shotgun metagenomics reveals a heterogeneous prokaryotic community and a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes in mangrove sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madangchanok Imchen ◽  
Ranjith Kumavath
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics

ABSTRACT Saline tolerant mangrove forests partake in vital biogeochemical cycles. However, they are endangered due to deforestation as a result of urbanization. In this study, we have carried out a metagenomic snapshot of the mangrove ecosystem from five countries to assess its taxonomic, functional and antibiotic resistome structure. Chao1 alpha diversity varied significantly (P &lt; 0.001) between the countries (Brazil, Saudi Arabia, China, India and Malaysia). All datasets were composed of 33 phyla dominated by eight major phyla covering &gt;90% relative abundance. Comparative analysis of mangrove with terrestrial and marine ecosystems revealed the strongest heterogeneity in the mangrove microbial community. We also observed that the mangrove community shared similarities to both the terrestrial and marine microbiome, forming a link between the two contrasting ecosystems. The antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) resistome was comprised of nineteen level 3 classifications dominated by multidrug resistance efflux pumps (46.7 ± 4.3%) and BlaR1 family regulatory sensor-transducer disambiguation (25.2 ± 4.8%). ARG relative abundance was significantly higher in Asian countries and in human intervention datasets at a global scale. Our study shows that the mangrove microbial community and its antibiotic resistance are affected by geography as well as human intervention and are unique to the mangrove ecosystem. Understanding changes in the mangrove microbiome and its ARG is significant for sustainable development and public health.

scholarly journals Impacts of Aging and Blackcurrant Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome Profile of Female Mice (P20-031-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Gil Lee ◽  
Cao Lei ◽  
Melissa Melough ◽  
Junichi Sakaki ◽  
Kendra Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Young Mice

Abstract Objectives Blackcurrant, an anthocyanin-rich berry, has multiple health benefits. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of blackcurrant supplementation and aging on gut bacterial communities in female mice. Methods Three-month and 18-month old female mice were provided standard chow diets with or without anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BC) (1% w/w) for four months. Upon study completion, fecal samples were collected directly from the animals’ colons. Microbiome DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and the V3-V4 regions of their 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced using Results Taxonomic analysis showed a significantly decrease in alpha diversity in aged female mice, compared to young counterparts. BC consumption did not alter the alpha diversity in either young or aged mice compared to control diets. For beta diversity, we observed the clustering was associated with age but not diet. The phylogenic abundance analysis showed that the relative abundance of several phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes was higher in aged compared to young mice. Among them, the abundance of Firmicutes was downregulated by BC in the young but not the aged mice. The abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased by BC in both the young and the aged groups. Noticeably, Verrucomicrobia was the only phylum whose relative abundance was upregulated in the aged female mice compared to the young mice. Meanwhile, its relative abundance in the aged group was suppressed by BC. Interestingly, Desulfovibrio, which is the most representative sulfate-reducing genus, was detectable only in young female mice, and BC increased its relative abundance. Conclusions Our results characterized the gut microbiome compositions in young and aged female mice, and indicated that the gut microbiome of young and aged female mice responded differently to four month BC administration. Through additional research, the microbial alterations observed in this study should be further investigated to inform our understanding of the effect of BC on the gut microbiome, the possible health benefits related to these changes, and the differing effects of BC supplementation across populations. Funding Sources This study was supported by the USDA NIFA Seed Grant (#2016-67018-24492) and the University of Connecticut Foundation Esperance Funds to Dr. Ock K. Chun. We thank the National Institute on Aging for providing aged mice for the project and Just the Berries Ltd. for providing the blackcurrant extract.

scholarly journals APOE Genetics Influence Murine Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Zajac ◽  
Stefan J. Green ◽  
Lance A. Johnson ◽  
Steven Estus
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles impact pathogenesis and risk for multiple human diseases, making them primary targets for disease treatment and prevention. Previously, we and others reported an association between APOE alleles and the gut microbiome. Here, we tested whether these results are confirmed by using mice that were maintained under ideal conditions for microbiome analyses. Methods: To model human APOE alleles, this study used APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice on a C57Bl/6 background. To minimize genetic drift, APOE3 mice were crossed to APOE2 or APOE4 mice prior to the study, and the resulting heterozygous progeny crossed further to generate the study mice. To maximize environmental homogeneity, mice with mixed genotypes were housed together and used bedding from the cages was mixed and added back as a portion of new bedding. Fecal samples were obtained from mice at three-, five- and seven-months of age, and microbiota analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. APOE2/E2 and APOE2/E3 mice were categorized as APOE2, APOE3/E4 and APOE4/E4 mice were categorized as APOE4, and APOE3/E3 mice were categorized as APOE3. Linear discriminant analysis of Effect Size (LefSe) identified taxa associated with APOE status, depicted as cladograms to show phylogenetic relatedness. The influence of APOE status was tested onalpha-diversity (Shannon H index) and beta-diversity (principal coordinate analyses and PERMANOVA). Individual taxa associated with APOE status were identified by classical univariate analysis. Whether findings in the APOE mice were replicated in humans was evaluated by using published microbiome genome wide association data. Results: Cladograms revealed robust differences with APOE in male mice and limited differences in female mice. The richness and evenness (alpha-diversity) and microbial community composition (beta-diversity) of the fecal microbiome was robustly associated with APOE status in male but not female mice. Classical univariate analysis revealed individual taxa that were significantly increased or decreased with APOE, illustrating a stepwise APOE2-APOE3-APOE4 pattern of association. The Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, Ruminococacceae family and related genera increased with APOE2 status. The Erysipelotrichia phylogenetic branch increased with APOE4 status, a finding that extended to humans.Conclusions: In this study wherein mice were maintained in an ideal fashion for microbiome studies, gut microbiome profiles were strongly and significantly associated with APOE status in male APOE-TR mice. Erysipelotrichia in particular appears to increase with APOE4 in both mice and humans. Further evaluation of these findings in humans, as well as studies evaluating the impact of the APOE-associated microbiota on disease-relevant phenotypes, will be necessary to determine if alterations in the gut microbiome represents a novel mechanism whereby APOE alleles impact disease.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Geranylgeraniol and Tocotrienols to High-Fat Diet Shifts the Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Moamen Elmassry ◽  
Eunhee Chung ◽  
Abdul Hamood ◽  
Chwan-Li Shen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objectives In recent years, characterization of gut microbiota composition and function were linked to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent evidence showed that Geranylgeraniol, an isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, improves glucose homeostasis. Similarly, Tocotrienols, a subfamily of vitamin E, also contains anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we examined the combined effect of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols on the composition and function of gut microbiome in obese male mice. Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 4 groups in a factorial design as follows: high-fat diet (HFD) (control group), HFD + geranylgeraniol [400 mg/kg diet] (GG group), HFD + tocotrienols [400 mg/kg diet] (TT group), and HFD + geranylgeraniol + tocotrienols (G + T group) for 14 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done from cecal samples and microbiome and data analysis was performed with QIIME2 and PICRUSt2. Results Across all groups, the most abundant phyla were Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. There was no difference in alpha diversity among different groups. Different treatments influenced the relative abundance of certain bacteria. In the Bacteroidetes phylum, the relative abundance of family S24–7 increased in the TT group only. In the Firmicutes phylum, the relative abundance of family Lachnospiraceae was reduced upon the supplementation of geranylgeraniol or tocotrienols; individually or in combination. In Verrucomicrobia phylum, Akkermansia muciniphila relative abundance was reduced in the TT group but increased in the G + T group. The results of functional profiling of the gut microbiome revealed that geranylgeraniol supplementation caused an increase in the proportion of biosynthetic pathways related to purine, pyrimidine, and inosine-5’-phosphate and hexitol fermentation, and a decrease in the proportion of pathways involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, valine, histidine, arginine, and chorismate. The G + T group increased pathways related to thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis, and decreased others involved into sulfur oxidation and methylerythritol phosphate. Conclusions The influence of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols supplementation on gut microbiome composition and function, suggests a prebiotic potential for the potential of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols. Funding Sources American River Nutrition, LLC, Hadley, MA.

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