scholarly journals APOE Genetics Influence Murine Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Zajac ◽  
Stefan J. Green ◽  
Lance A. Johnson ◽  
Steven Estus
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles impact pathogenesis and risk for multiple human diseases, making them primary targets for disease treatment and prevention. Previously, we and others reported an association between APOE alleles and the gut microbiome. Here, we tested whether these results are confirmed by using mice that were maintained under ideal conditions for microbiome analyses. Methods: To model human APOE alleles, this study used APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice on a C57Bl/6 background. To minimize genetic drift, APOE3 mice were crossed to APOE2 or APOE4 mice prior to the study, and the resulting heterozygous progeny crossed further to generate the study mice. To maximize environmental homogeneity, mice with mixed genotypes were housed together and used bedding from the cages was mixed and added back as a portion of new bedding. Fecal samples were obtained from mice at three-, five- and seven-months of age, and microbiota analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. APOE2/E2 and APOE2/E3 mice were categorized as APOE2, APOE3/E4 and APOE4/E4 mice were categorized as APOE4, and APOE3/E3 mice were categorized as APOE3. Linear discriminant analysis of Effect Size (LefSe) identified taxa associated with APOE status, depicted as cladograms to show phylogenetic relatedness. The influence of APOE status was tested onalpha-diversity (Shannon H index) and beta-diversity (principal coordinate analyses and PERMANOVA). Individual taxa associated with APOE status were identified by classical univariate analysis. Whether findings in the APOE mice were replicated in humans was evaluated by using published microbiome genome wide association data. Results: Cladograms revealed robust differences with APOE in male mice and limited differences in female mice. The richness and evenness (alpha-diversity) and microbial community composition (beta-diversity) of the fecal microbiome was robustly associated with APOE status in male but not female mice. Classical univariate analysis revealed individual taxa that were significantly increased or decreased with APOE, illustrating a stepwise APOE2-APOE3-APOE4 pattern of association. The Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, Ruminococacceae family and related genera increased with APOE2 status. The Erysipelotrichia phylogenetic branch increased with APOE4 status, a finding that extended to humans.Conclusions: In this study wherein mice were maintained in an ideal fashion for microbiome studies, gut microbiome profiles were strongly and significantly associated with APOE status in male APOE-TR mice. Erysipelotrichia in particular appears to increase with APOE4 in both mice and humans. Further evaluation of these findings in humans, as well as studies evaluating the impact of the APOE-associated microbiota on disease-relevant phenotypes, will be necessary to determine if alterations in the gut microbiome represents a novel mechanism whereby APOE alleles impact disease.

scholarly journals PSVI-16 Fecal microbiome of nursery pigs fed phytogenics and antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Huyen Tran ◽  
Timothy J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding two phytogenic products (PHY1 and PHY2; blends of essential oils and plant extracts) in diets with or without antibiotics (AureoMix S 10-10; AB) on fecal microbiome of nursery pigs. A total of 400 nursery pigs (6.8 kg BW; 20 d of age) were fed one of the six dietary treatments (9 pens/treatment), including: control (0% AB; 0% phytogenics), 0.5% AB, phytogenics (0.02% PHY1 or 0.03% PHY2) or the combination of phytogenic and AB (PHY1 x AB or PHY2 x AB). On d 46 postweaning, 48 fecal samples were collected (1 pig/pen; 7–9 pigs/treatment) and were subjected to the analyses of microbial communities by using 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing with Illumina MiSeq. The sequence data were analyzed by using Qiime and the rarefied OTU table was submitted to Calypso to evaluate the alpha and beta diversity, taxonomic classification, and the differential taxa associated to the dietary treatments. There were differences among treatments on alpha diversity, where the control and PHY2 pigs had lower OTU richness (P = 0.05) and chao1 index (P < 0.10) compared to pigs fed AB alone or AB with phytogenics. There were also differences among treatments on microbial beta diversity of pigs (P < 0.01). The most abundant phyla included Firmicute, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and TM7. At family level, pigs fed AB had greater Ruminococcaceae compared to the control, but lower Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae compared to PHY1 or PHY2 group (P < 0.05). Feature selection by LEfSe indicated that dominant genus associated to AB treatment was Unclassified RF39, while dominant genera associated to PHY2 treatment were Cantenibacterium, unclassified Coriobacteriaceae, Blautia, Eubacterium, and Collinsella. In conclusion, feeding AB and phytogenic products had different impacts on the fecal bacteria of nursery pigs.

scholarly journals 21 Profiling sow vaginal and fecal and piglet gastrointestinal microbiome and the passage of sow microbiome to their progeny from birth to weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Huyen Tran ◽  
Brenda de Rodas ◽  
Manohar M Lahoti ◽  
Timothy J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Sampling Points

Abstract The objectives of this study were 1) to profile the sow vaginal and fecal microbiome and the corresponding piglet gastrointestinal microbiome from birth to weaning, and 2) to identify the core microbiome shared between sows and piglets. A total of 226 samples collected from sows (vaginal swabs pre-farrow; fecal samples at farrow, d 3, 7, 10, 17 post-farrow) and their progenies (stomach, ileum, and colon digesta at birth, d 2, and 14 after birth) were used for the analyses of microbial community structure using 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing with Illumina MiSeq. Our data indicated that the piglet and sow microbiome were quite distinct. Piglets had lower bacterial alpha diversity (chao1, richness, Shannon, Simpson indices; P < 0.01) than sows across all timepoints. Beta diversity of piglets by sample types was significantly different (P < 0.001) than sows by sample types when averaged across all timepoints or separation by timepoints. Feature selection by the Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) indicated that the genera associated with piglets included those classified as Lactobacillus, unclassified Micrococcaceae, and Rothia when averaged across sampling points and sample types. Genera associated with sows included those classified as Treponema, YRC22, Unclassified RF39, Unclassified Christensenellaceae, Turicibacter, Unclassified RFP12, Unclassified F16, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Unclassified Coriobacteriaceae, and Unclassified Mogibacteriaceae. The genera shared between sow vaginal samples and piglets included those classified as Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Prevotella, Veillonella, and unclassified Clostridiadiaceae. The genera shared between sow fecal and piglet samples included those classified as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, unclassified Clostridiadiaceae, unclassified Ruminococceae, and Prevotella. Overall, there are evidences that bacterial genera were passed from sows to piglets and influenced the microbial communities of piglets later in life.

scholarly journals Changes in Microbial Community Composition Related to Sex and Colon Cancer by Nrf2 Knockout

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hee Song ◽  
Nayoung Kim ◽  
Ryoung Hee Nam ◽  
Soo In Choi ◽  
Jeong Eun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Invasive Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Male Control

The frequency of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced carcinogenesis in male mice is higher than that in female mice. Previous studies have reported that 17β-estradiol inhibits tumorigenesis in males by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study aimed to investigate the changes in mouse gut microbiome composition based on sex, AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer (CRC), and Nrf2 genotype. The gut microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing fecal samples obtained at week 16 post-AOM administration. In terms of sex differences, our results showed that the wild-type (WT) male control mice had higher alpha diversity (i.e. Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) than the WT female control mice. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results revealed that the abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus murinus were higher in WT male control mice than in WT female controls. In terms of colon tumorigenesis, the alpha diversity of the male CRC group was lower than that of the male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO, but did not show such changes in females. Furthermore, the abundance of A. muciniphila was higher in male CRC groups than in male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO. The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus was higher in WT CRC groups than in WT controls in both males and females. However, the abundance of L. murinus was lower in WT female CRC and Nrf2 KO male CRC groups than in its controls. The abundance of A. muciniphila was not altered by Nrf2 KO. In contrast, the abundances of L. murinus and B. vulgatus were changed differently by Nrf2 KO depending on sex and CRC. Interestingly, L. murinus showed negative correlation with tumor numbers in the whole colon. In addition, B. vulgatus showed positive correlation with inflammatory markers (i.e. myeloperoxidase and IL-1β levels), tumor numbers, and high-grade adenoma, especially, developed mucosal and submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma at the distal part of the colon. In conclusion, Nrf2 differentially alters the gut microbiota composition depending on sex and CRC induction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the gut microbiome in association with biological signatures of inflammation in murine polytrauma and shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Appiah ◽  
Christine L. Foxx ◽  
Dominik Langgartner ◽  
Annette Palmer ◽  
Cristian A. Zambrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractSevere injuries are frequently accompanied by hemorrhagic shock and harbor an increased risk for complications. Local or systemic inflammation after trauma/hemorrhage may lead to a leaky intestinal epithelial barrier and subsequent translocation of gut microbiota, potentially worsening outcomes. To evaluate the extent with which trauma affects the gut microbiota composition, we performed a post hoc analysis of a murine model of polytrauma and hemorrhage. Four hours after injury, organs and plasma samples were collected, and the diversity and composition of the cecal microbiome were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although cecal microbial alpha diversity and microbial community composition were not found to be different between experimental groups, norepinephrine support in shock animals resulted in increased alpha diversity, as indicated by higher numbers of distinct microbial features. We observed that the concentrations of proinflammatory mediators in plasma and intestinal tissue were associated with measures of microbial alpha and beta diversity and the presence of specific microbial drivers of inflammation, suggesting that the composition of the gut microbiome at the time of trauma, or shortly after trauma exposure, may play an important role in determining physiological outcomes. In conclusion, we found associations between measures of gut microbial alpha and beta diversity and the severity of systemic and local gut inflammation. Furthermore, our data suggest that four hours following injury is too early for development of global changes in the alpha diversity or community composition of the intestinal microbiome. Future investigations with increased temporal-spatial resolution are needed in order to fully elucidate the effects of trauma and shock on the gut microbiome, biological signatures of inflammation, and proximal and distal outcomes.

The impact of gut microbial composition on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 590-590
Author(s):  
Nour Abuhadra ◽  
Chia-Chi Chang ◽  
Clinton Yam ◽  
Jason B White ◽  
Elizabeth Ravenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

590 Background: The impact of gut microbiome on tumor biology, progression and response to immunotherapy has been shown across cancer types. However, there is little known about the impact of gut microbial composition on response to chemotherapy. We have previously shown that the gut microbiome remains unaltered during NACT in a cohort of 32 patients. Here we investigate the association between gut microbiome and response to NACT in a larger cohort of early-stage TNBC. Methods: Longitudinal fecal samples were collected from 85 patients with newly-diagnosed, early-stage TNBC patients enrolled in the ARTEMIS trial (NCT02276443). Patients all received standard NACT with adriamycin/cyclophosphamide (AC); volumetric change was assessed using ultrasound and patients with < 70% volumetric reduction (VR) after 4 cycles of AC were recommended to receive targeted therapy in addition to standard NACT to improve response rates. We performed 16S sequencing on bacterial genomic DNA extracted from 85 pre-AC fecal samples using the 2x250 bp paired-end read protocol. Quality-filtered sequences were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units and classified using Mothur method with the Silva database version 138. For differential taxa-based univariate analysis, abundant microbiome taxa at species, genus, family, class, and order levels were analyzed using DESeq2 after logit transformation. Alpha-diversity indices within group categories were calculated using phyloseq. Microbial alpha diversity (within-sample diversity) was measured by Simpson's reciprocal index. β-diversity was measured using weighted UniFrac distances between the groups. The association between microbiota abundance and pathologic complete response (pCR) or residual disease (RD) was assessed using DESeq2 analysis. Results: Pre-AC fecal samples from 85 patients were available for analysis. Amongst them, there were 46 patients with pCR and 39 patients with RD. There was no significant difference in alpha diversity (p = 0.8) or beta-diversity (p = 0.7) between the pCR and RD groups. However, relative to patients with RD, the gut microbiome in patients with pCR was enriched for the Bifidobacterium longum species (p = 0.03). The gut microbiome in patients with RD was enriched for Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.03) at the genus level and the Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron species (p = 0.02). Conclusions: We have demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbial composition in patients with pCR as compared to patients with RD. Further investigation in larger studies is needed to support therapeutic exploration of gut microbiome modulation in TNBC patients receiving chemotherapy such as probiotic supplementation or fecal microbiota transplant.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome composition in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is shaped by geographic relocation, environmental factors, and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Kaplan ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Mykhaylo Usyk ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Martha L. Daviglus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Hispanics living in the USA may have unrecognized potential birthplace and lifestyle influences on the gut microbiome. We report a cross-sectional analysis of 1674 participants from four centers of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), aged 18 to 74 years old at recruitment. Results Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 and fungal ITS1 fragments from self-collected stool samples indicate that the host microbiome is determined by sociodemographic and migration-related variables. Those who relocate from Latin America to the USA at an early age have reductions in Prevotella to Bacteroides ratios that persist across the life course. Shannon index of alpha diversity in fungi and bacteria is low in those who relocate to the USA in early life. In contrast, those who relocate to the USA during adulthood, over 45 years old, have high bacterial and fungal diversity and high Prevotella to Bacteroides ratios, compared to USA-born and childhood arrivals. Low bacterial diversity is associated in turn with obesity. Contrasting with prior studies, our study of the Latino population shows increasing Prevotella to Bacteroides ratio with greater obesity. Taxa within Acidaminococcus, Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Clostridiales, Christensenellaceae, YS2 (Cyanobacteria), and Victivallaceae are significantly associated with both obesity and earlier exposure to the USA, while Oscillospira and Anaerotruncus show paradoxical associations with both obesity and late-life introduction to the USA. Conclusions Our analysis of the gut microbiome of Latinos demonstrates unique features that might be responsible for health disparities affecting Hispanics living in the USA.

scholarly journals Effect of Bovine MFGM and LF in Infant Formula on Gut Microbiome and Metabolome at Four Months of Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Chichlowski ◽  
Nicholas Bokulich ◽  
Cheryl L Harris ◽  
Jennifer L Wampler ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

Abstract Background Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and lactoferrin (LF) are human milk bioactive components demonstrated to support gastrointestinal (GI) and immune development. Significantly fewer diarrhea and respiratory-associated adverse events through 18 months of age were previously reported in healthy term infants fed a cow's milk-based infant formula with added source of bovine MFGM and bovine LF through 12 months of age. Objectives To compare microbiota and metabolite profiles in a subset of study participants. Methods Stool samples were collected at Baseline (10–14 days of age) and Day 120 (MFGM + LF: 26, Control: 33). Bacterial community profiling was performed via16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) and alpha and beta diversity were analyzed (QIIME 2). Differentially abundant taxa were determined using Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSE) and visualized (Metacoder). Untargeted stool metabolites were analyzed (HPLC/mass spectroscopy) and expressed as the fold-change between group means (Control: MFGM + LF ratio). Results Alpha diversity increased significantly in both groups from baseline to 4 months. Subtle group differences in beta diversity were demonstrated at 4 months (Jaccard distance; R2 = 0.01, P = 0.042). Specifically, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides plebeius were more abundant in the MFGM + LF group at 4 months. Metabolite profile differences for MFGM + LF vs Control included: lower fecal medium chain fatty acids, deoxycarnitine, and glycochenodeoxycholate, and some higher fecal carbohydrates and steroids (P &lt; 0.05). After applying multiple test correction, the differences in stool metabolomics were not significant. Conclusions Addition of bovine MFGM and LF in infant formula was associated with subtle differences in stool microbiome and metabolome by four months of age, including increased prevalence of Bacteroides species. Stool metabolite profiles may be consistent with altered microbial metabolism. Trial registration:  https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02274883).

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: An Updated Review

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sikora ◽  
Albert Stec ◽  
Magdalena Chrabaszcz ◽  
Aleksandra Knot ◽  
Anna Waskiel-Burnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

(1) Background: A growing body of evidence highlights that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of psoriasis. The gut–skin axis is the novel concept of the interaction between skin diseases and microbiome through inflammatory mediators, metabolites and the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to synthesize current data on the gut microbial composition in psoriasis. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating intestinal microbiome in psoriasis, using the PRISMA checklist. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant published articles (2000–2020). (3) Results: All of the 10 retrieved studies reported alterations in the gut microbiome in patients with psoriasis. Eight studies assessed alpha- and beta-diversity. Four of them reported a lack of change in alpha-diversity, but all confirmed significant changes in beta-diversity. At the phylum-level, at least two or more studies reported a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and higher Firmicutes in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant association between alterations in gut microbial composition and psoriasis; however, there is high heterogeneity between studies. More unified methodological standards in large-scale studies are needed to understand microbiota’s contribution to psoriasis pathogenesis and its modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals AB1232 ORAL DYSBIOSIS REFLECTS THE IMMUNOLOGICAL ALTERATION OF RA REGARDING TO ACPA AND HLA DRB1*SE: NAGASAKI ISLAND STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1907.2-1907
Author(s):  
Y. Tsuji ◽  
M. Tamai ◽  
S. Morimoto ◽  
D. Sasaki ◽  
M. Nagayoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
The Difference

Background:Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) production is observed in several organs even prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and oral mucosa is considered to be one of the important tissues. The presence of HLA-DRB1*SE closely associates with ACPA production. Saliva is considered to reflect the oral microbiota including periodontal disease. Alteration of oral microbiota of RA becomes to be normalized by DMARDs treatment, however, the interaction of HLA-DRB1*SE, ACPA and oral microbiota of RA patients remains to be elucidated.Objectives:The Nagasaki Island Study, which had started in 2014 collaborating with Goto City, is intended for research of the preclinical stage of RA, including ACPA/HLA genotype screening and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging examinations in high-risk subjects. Using the samples accumulated in this cohort, we have tried to investigate the difference of oral microbiota among RA patients and healthy subjects regarding to ACPA and HLA-DRB1*SE.Methods:Blood and salivary samples were obtained from 1422 subjects out of 4276 who have participated in the Nagasaki Island Study from 2016 to 2018. ACPA positivity was 1.7 % in total. Some of RA patients resided in Goto City participated in the Nagasaki Island Study. At this point, we selected 291 subjects, who were ACPA positive non-RA healthy subjects (n=22) and patients with RA (n=33, 11 subjects were ACPA positive and 22 ACPA negative respectively) as the case, age and gender matched ACPA negative non-RA healthy subjects (n=236) as the control. ACPA was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HLA genotyping was quantified by next-generation sequencing (Ref.1). The operational taxonomic unit (OUT) analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed. The richness of microbial diversity within-subject (alpha diversity) was scaled via Shannon entropy. The dissimilarity between microbial community composition was calculated using Bray-Curtis distance as a scale, and differences between groups (beta diversity) were tested by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). In addition, UniFrac distance calculated in consideration of the distance on the phylogenetic tree were performed.Results:Median age 70 y.o., % Female 58.8 %. Among RA and non-RA subjects, not alpha diversity but beta diversity was statistically significance (p=0.022, small in RA). In RA subjects, both alpha and beta diversity is small (p<0.0001), especially significant in ACPA positive RA (Figure 1). Amongt RA subjects, presence of HLA-DRB1*SE did not show the difference but the tendency of being small of alpha diversity (p=0.29).Conclusion:Our study has suggested for the first time the association of oral microbiota alteration with the presence of ACPA and HLA-DRB1*SE. Oral dysbiosis may reflect the immunological status of patients with RA.References:[1]Kawaguchi S, et al. Methods Mol Biol 2018;1802: 22Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Basal Diet Determined Long-Term Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Mouse Phenotype to a Greater Extent than Fecal Microbiome Transfer from Lean or Obese Human Donors

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne M. Rodriguez ◽  
Abby D. Benninghoff ◽  
Niklas D.J. Aardema ◽  
Sumira Phatak ◽  
Korry J. Hintze
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Obese Human

The Western dietary pattern can alter the gut microbiome and cause obesity and metabolic disorders. To examine the interactions between diet, the microbiome, and obesity, we transplanted gut microbiota from lean or obese human donors into mice fed one of three diets for 22 weeks: (1) a control AIN93G diet; (2) the total Western diet (TWD), which mimics the American diet; or (3) a 45% high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) diet. We hypothesized that a fecal microbiome transfer (FMT) from obese donors would lead to an obese phenotype and aberrant glucose metabolism in recipient mice that would be exacerbated by consumption of the TWD or DIO diets. Prior to the FMT, the native microbiome was depleted using an established broad-spectrum antibiotic protocol. Interestingly, the human donor body type microbiome did not significantly affect final body weight or body composition in mice fed any of the experimental diets. Beta diversity analysis and linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that mice that received an FMT from obese donors had a significantly different microbiome compared to mice that received an FMT from lean donors. However, after 22 weeks, diet influenced the microbiome composition irrespective of donor body type, suggesting that diet is a key variable in the shaping of the gut microbiome after FMT.

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