scholarly journals Risk factors, prevalence, and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan: systematic review

BMJ ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 328 (7443) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyas Mirza ◽  
Rachel Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Financial Difficulty ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
Methodological Problems

AbstractObjectives To assess the available evidence on the prevalence, aetiology, treatment, and prevention of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan.Design Systematic review of published literature.Studies reviewed 20 studies, of which 17 gave prevalence estimates and 11 discussed risk factors.Main outcome measures Prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, risk factors, effects of treatment.Results Factors positively associated with anxiety and depressive disorders were female sex, middle age, low level of education, financial difficulty, being a housewife, and relationship problems. Arguments with husbands and relational problems with in-laws were positively associated in 3/11 studies. Those who had close confiding relationships were less likely to have anxiety and depressive disorders. Mean overall prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in the community population was 34% (range 29-66% for women and 10-33% for men). There were no rigorously controlled trials of treatments for these disorders.Conclusions Available evidence suggests a major social cause for anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan. This evidence is limited because of methodological problems, so caution must be exercised in generalising this to the whole of the population of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Número de passos por dia e risco cardiometabólico em jovens: revisão sistemática

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Alex Pinheiro Gordia ◽  
Teresa Maria Bianchini de Quadros ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Methodological Problems

The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the association between the number of daily steps and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Studies published from 1 January 2000 to 31 May 2016 in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases were analyzed. Manual searches of the reference lists of the selected articles were also performed. Of the 4,454 articles retrieved, eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Seven of these studies reported some significant association between step count and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the data suggested the lack of an association with hyperglycemia, were inconclusive regarding lipid profile alterations, divergent for high blood pressure, and indicated an association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome only in males. The findings of this systematic review do not permit to determine the association between step count and cardiometabolic risk factors in young people. The small number of articles that met the eligibility criteria and the different methodological problems of the studies reviewed were the main factors limiting inferences. Observational studies with a longitudinal design (cohort and casecontrol) and accurate methodological control are necessary.

The Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions Among High School and Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
James E. Kaishian ◽  
Regina M. Kaishian
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

The physical impacts of overtraining, sport specification, and burnout are well documented in the literature; however, the state of the student-athlete’s (SA’s) mental health is something that needs to be investigated more comprehensively. Literature on SA mental health has gained prevalence within the last 5 years. The combination of pressure from sport and academics, as well as the stigmatization of clinical mental health treatment, can have a significant effect on the SA’s psyche. This review explores the prevalence of mental health conditions (MHCs) in high school and collegiate SAs. This includes signs and symptoms of mental health diagnoses to include substance- and alcohol-related addictive disorders and risk factors of such. A systematic review of the CINAHL, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycINFO, and Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine resource databases was conducted. The initial search yielded 855 results. Following double screening, 22 studies were included, all of which were deemed medium to high quality. The findings indicate an alarming presence of MHCs ranging from risk factors of alcohol use and major depressive disorders among SAs. There was a high prevalence of mental health issues among SAs who are Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC), and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ). In most cases, participation in competitive athletics (varsity) did not contribute to additional MHCs for SAs. Sport psychologists should play a role in mental health programming within athletic departments. Athletic departments should develop proactive, targeted strategies to address MHCs for SAs.

Overuse syndrome of the hand and wrist in musicians: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-642
Author(s):  
Julia Betzl ◽  
Ursula Kraneburg ◽  
Kai Megerle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Overuse Syndrome ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Medical Publication

We systematically searched medical publication databases for articles in English on upper extremity overuse syndrome in musicians. We focused on non-specific pain disorders, including diagnostic definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. We included 42 out of 156 identified articles. The point prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders ranges from 37% to 47% in musicians with the hand and wrist among the most commonly affected areas, and the lifetime prevalence is reported as high as 89%. Leading symptoms are pain, weakness, stiffness, and loss of control. Intense repetitive use during practice, or before an audition or concert, recent changes in conductors or teachers, psychological stress, the effort of holding a weighty instrument, wrong technique, and joint laxity have all been identified as risk factors. The need for prevention is highlighted. Today’s therapy is mostly based on individual rehabilitation programmes rather than on long-term rest. However, treatment remains predominantly based on beliefs rather than on evidence. The entire subject needs intensive future research.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Healthcare Providers Toward Novel Coronavirus 19 During the First Months of the Pandemic: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobezie T. Tegegne ◽  
Belayneh Kefale ◽  
Melaku Tadege Engidaw ◽  
Amsalu Degu ◽  
Desalegn Tesfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Prevention Training ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral infection that has spread to every corner of the world. Lack of knowledge among healthcare providers (HCPs) about diseases such as COVID-19 may delay the diagnosis, disease spread, and produce poor infection control practices. Hence, this systematic review aimed to summarize the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of HCPs toward COVID-19 during the first months of the pandemic.Methods: A systematic review was conducted according the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020191742). A relevant article search was performed on EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Google Scholar database. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The median percentage of HCPs with good KAP was computed.Results: Twenty studies involving 12,072 HCPs were included in the review process. Median percentages of 75.8% (IQR: 69.3–87.7%), 74.6% (IQR: 54.4–74.6), and 79.8% (IQR: 67.0–79.8%) of HCPs had good knowledge, and positive attitude and practice, respectively. Although the reported risk factors were inconsistent among studies, age, gender, level of education, experience, infection prevention training, and sources of information were associated with knowledge of HCPs. In addition, being elderly, having a high level of education, absence of chronic illness, and good knowledge and practice were significantly associated with the attitude of HCPs. Further, types of profession, experience, age, level of education, use of personnel protective equipment, and gender were significantly associated with the practice of HCPs.Conclusions: Approximately, three-fourths of HCPs had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 during the first months of the pandemic, although the percentage of HCPs was inconsistent in different study settings. In addition, associated factors of KAP were inconsistent among studies; hence, stake holders should target locally identified risk factors to design relevant education packages and infection prevention training to halt the rapid transmission of COVID-19.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020191742, identifier: CRD42020191742.

Depressive symptom trajectories in late adolescence and early adulthood: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Oliver Schubert ◽  
Scott R Clark ◽  
Linh K Van ◽  
Jane L Collinson ◽  
Bernhard T Baune
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young People ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
The Impact

Objective: In adolescents and young adults, depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and dynamic. For clinicians, it is difficult to determine whether a young person reporting depressive symptoms is at risk of developing ongoing mood difficulties or whether symptoms form part of a transient maturational process. Trajectory analyses of longitudinally assessed symptoms in large cohorts have the potential to untangle clinical heterogeneity by determining subgroups or classes of symptom course and their risk factors, by interrogating the impact of known or suspected risk factors on trajectory slope and intercept and by tracing the interrelation between depressive symptoms and other clinical outcomes over time. Method: We conducted a systematic review of trajectory studies conducted in cohorts including people aged between 15 and 25 years. Results: We retrieved 47 relevant articles. These studies suggest that young people fall into common mood trajectory classes and that class membership and symptom course are mediated by biological and environmental risk factors. Furthermore, studies provide evidence that high and persistent depressive symptoms are associated with a range of concurrent health and behavioral outcomes. Conclusion: Findings could assist in the formulation of novel concepts of depressive disorders in young people and inform preventive strategies and predictive models for clinical practice.

scholarly journals The prevalence of and risk factors for dysphagia among elderly residents in nursing homes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hu ◽  
Baohua Zheng ◽  
Atipatsa Chiwanda Kaminga ◽  
Huilan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Background Elderly residents in nursing homes are at high risk for dysphagia. However, the prevalence estimates of this condition and its risk factors among this population were inconsistent. Objective To estimate the prevalence of dysphagia and examine its risk factors among the elderly in nursing homes. Methods Electronic database of PubMed, Web of science, Embase for English language, Wangfang, VIP and CNKI for Chinese language were systematically searched to identify relevant observational studies published not later than July 4, 2021. Studies conducted in nursing homes and reported dysphagia assessment methods were included. Results In total, 43 studies involving 56,746 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-Analysis. The overall pooled crude prevalence of dysphagia was 35.9% (95%CI: 29.0%, 43.4%), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.5%). There was a statistically significant difference in prevalence estimates with respect to study locations, methods of assessment of dysphagia, dysphagia assessment staff, representativeness of samples, and validity of assessment tools. Pooled estimates indicated that male (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.27), cognitive impairment (OR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.59, 3.84), functional limitation (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.84), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.73,4.87), dementia (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.96) and Parkinson’s disease (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.06, 3.08) were significant risk factors for dysphagia. Conclusions The prevalence of dysphagia in nursing homes is relatively high, and with high heterogeneity. Also, many factors were associated with the risk of dysphagia. Further research is needed to identify strategies for management and interventions targeted at these disorders in this population.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depressive Disorders after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 1969-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemieke C. Scholten ◽  
Juanita A. Haagsma ◽  
Maryse C. Cnossen ◽  
Miranda Olff ◽  
Ed F. van Beeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Depressive Disorders

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e014644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Xiaoyun Chen ◽  
William Yan ◽  
Zhuoting Zhu ◽  
Mingguang He
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ObjectiveThis study was to aggregate the prevalence and risks of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and determine the possible causes of the varied estimates.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe search strategy was designed prospectively. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from inception to July 2016. Reference lists of the included literatures were reviewed as well.Study selectionSurveys published in English language from any population were included if they had a population-based design and reported the prevalence of ERM from retinal photography with or without optical coherence tomography. Eligibility and quality evaluation was conducted independently by two investigators.Data extractionThe literature search generated 2144 records, and 13 population-based studies comprising 49 697 subjects were finally included. The prevalence of ERM and the ORs of potential risk factors (age, sex, myopia, hypertension and so on) were extracted.ResultsThe pooled age-standardised prevalence estimates of earlier ERM (cellophane macular reflex (CMR)), advanced ERM (preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF)) and any ERM were 6.5% (95% CI 4.2% to 8.9%), 2.6% (95% CI 1.8% to 3.4%) and 9.1% (95% CI 6.0% to 12.2%), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, race and photography modality contributed to the variation in the prevalence estimates of PMF, while the WHO regions and image reading methods were associated with the varied prevalence of CMR and any ERM. Meta-analysis showed that only greater age and female significantly conferred a higher risk of ERMs.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ERMs are relatively common among aged population. Race, image taking and reading methodology may play important roles in influencing the large variability of ERM prevalence estimates.

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