Epidemiological surveys might underestimate waterpipe smoking

BMJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 350 (jun08 5) ◽  
pp. h3086-h3086
Author(s):  
M. Jawad ◽  
C. Millett
Keyword(s):  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Cold-induced reactivity in multiple sclerosis patients

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.И. Герасимова-Мейгал ◽  
И.М. Сиренев
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Цель исследования - изучение особенностей восприимчивости пациентов с рассеянным склерозом (РС) к холодовому воздействию с помощью функциональных тестов, характеризующих функцию терморегуляции. Как известно, РС - хроническое прогрессирующее аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы мультифакториальной природы, более часто встречающееся в регионах с холодным и влажным климатом. Нарушения терморегуляции вследствие автономной дисфункции являются характерным признаком РС, вместе с тем участию холодового фактора в развитии заболевания не придается существенного значения. Методика. Обследовано 32 пациента (17 мужчин и 15 женщин, средний возраст 29,6 ± 4,2 года) с установленным диагнозом: РС ремиттирующе-рецидивирующая форма течения (средняя продолжительность заболевания - 4,2 ± 2,7 года) и 18 практически здоровых лиц группы сравнения. Восприятие холода оценивали с помощью визуально-аналоговой шкалы. Продолжительность холод-индуцированной вазоконстрикции после локального холодового теста изучали по данным инфракрасной термометрии. Вегетативную регуляцию вазомоторных реакций оценивали по результатам анализа вызванных кожных вегетативных потенциалов (ВКВП). Результаты. На основе анализа самооценки восприятия холода у пациентов с РС показана низкая переносимость холодового фактора. При проведении локального холодового теста отмечено замедление восстановления температуры кожи кисти, что характерно для усиления холод-индуцированной вазоконстрикции. В группе пациентов с РС выявлено снижение параметров ВКВП ладоней и стоп, свидетельствующее о дефиците нейрогенного контроля терморегуляционных сосудистых реакций. Заключение. У пациентов с РС выявлены нарушения механизмов терморегуляции при действии холода, что обусловливает высокую индивидуальную восприимчивость к холоду у данной категории лиц. Сопоставление результатов анализа механизмов индивидуальной холод-индуцированной реактивности у пациентов с РС с данными эпидемиологических исследований приводит к заключению о потенциальном модулирующем влиянии холодового фактора на течение РС. The purpose of the present study was focused on the evaluation of the sensitivity to cold in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by means of functional thermoregulatory based tests. MS is known to be a chronic autoimmune progressive disease of the central nervous system of multifactor origin that is very common in regions with cold and humid climate. Disorder of thermoregulation caused by autonomic dysfunction is a typical feature of MS, however the role of the cold in the disease development is still underestimated. Methods. Thirty two MS patients (17 males, 15 females, mean age 29,6 ± 4,2 years) with the remittent form of the disease (mean disease duration 4,2 ± 2,7 years) and 18 age-matched healthy controls volunteered to participate in this study. Susceptibility to cold was analyzed with the use of visual-analogous scale. The duration of cold-induced vasoconstriction after local cold test was estimated using by infrared thermometry. Autonomic regulation of vasomotor reactions was investigated with the help of the skin sympathetic response (SSR) analysis. Results. The analysis of self-reported perception of the cold in MS patients showed their low tolerance to cold. Slow recovery of the skin temperature of the hand in the local cold test observed in MS patients was considered as the aggravated cold-induced vasoconstriction. The decreased SSR in the hands and feet in MS patients was found that indicates the deficit of the neurogenic control of thermoregulatory vasomotor reactions. Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate the impairment of thermoregulation under cold in MS patients that leads to higher individual susceptibility to cold of this group. Comparing of the data found in this study on the mechanisms of the individual cold-induced reactivity in MS patients with epidemiological surveys enable to conclude that cold environment has potential modulating effect of on the course of MS.

scholarly journals Determinants of waterpipe smoking among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridhwan Fauzi ◽  
Chitlada Areesantichai
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
School Students ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Peer Use ◽  
Waterpipe Use

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to examine factors associated with past 30 days waterpipe use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia.MethodsWe surveyed a multistage cluster random sample of 1,318 students of grade 10th and 11th from 14 schools in Jakarta. Multiple logistic regressions were employed to examine the association between past 30 days waterpipe use with sociodemographic characteristics, cigarettes smoking status, parental and peer use, availability and affordability.ResultsOf 1,318 participants, 3.3% of female and 8.4% of male currently smoked waterpipe. Multivariate analysis revealed that current waterpipe use was significantly associated with family use (AOR: 4.844, 95% CI: 1.225–19.151), friend use (AOR: 2.554, 95% CI: 1.424–4.582), and availability (AOR: 2.143, 95% CI: 1.127–4.076). Being current smokers were six times more likely (AOR: 6.055, 95% CI: 3.123–11.739) to use waterpipe in the past 30 days.ConclusionsThe finding suggests that smoking by a family member, friends, use of conventional cigarettes, and availability are significantly associated with increased probability of current waterpipe used among adolescents.

scholarly journals Mathematical pattern of Kessler psychological distress distribution in the general population of the U.S. and Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Tomitaka ◽  
Toshiaki A. Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Screening Scale

Abstract Background Although the 6-item Kessler psychological scale (K6) is a useful depression screening scale in clinical settings and epidemiological surveys, little is known about the distribution model of the K6 score in the general population. Using four major national survey datasets from the United States and Japan, we explored the mathematical pattern of the K6 distributions in the general population. Methods We analyzed four datasets from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in the United States, and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. We compared the goodness of fit between three models: exponential, power law, and quadratic function models. Graphical and regression analyses were employed to investigate the mathematical patterns of the K6 distributions. Results The exponential function had the best fit among the three models. The K6 distributions exhibited an exponential pattern, except for the lower end of the distribution across the four surveys. The rate parameter of the K6 distributions was similar across all surveys. Conclusions Our results suggest that, regardless of different sample populations and methodologies, the K6 scores exhibit a common mathematical distribution in the general population. Our findings will contribute to the development of the distribution model for such a depression screening scale.

scholarly journals Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Deaths, Case Incidence and Case Fatality Ratio among the Continents for the Period of 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Wajdy J. Al-Awaida ◽  
Baker Jawabrah Al Hourani ◽  
Samer Swedan ◽  
Refat Nimer ◽  
Foad Alzoughool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may affect various aspects of the disease including fatality ratio. In this study, 553,518 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients from continents for the period 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 were comprehensively analyzed and a total of 82 mutations were identified concerning the reference sequence. In addition, associations between the mutations and the case fatality ratio (CFR), cases per million and deaths per million, were examined. The mutations having the highest frequencies among different continents were Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L. Among the identified mutations, NSP2_T153M, NSP14_I42V and Spike_L18F mutations showed a positive correlation to CFR. While the NSP13_Y541C, NSP3_T73I and NSP3_Q180H mutations demonstrated a negative correlation to CFR. The Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations showed a positive correlation to deaths per million. The NSP3_T1198K, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a significant negative correlation to deaths per million. The NSP12_P323L and Spike_D614G mutations showed a positive correlation to the number of cases per million. In contrast, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a negative correlation to the number of cases per million. In addition, among the identified clades, none showed a significant correlation to CFR. The G, GR, GV, S clades showed a significant positive correlation to deaths per million. The GR and S clades showed a positive correlation to number of cases per million. The clades having the highest frequencies among continents were G, followed by GH and GR. These findings should be taken into consideration during epidemiological surveys of the virus and vaccine development.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the need for dental prosthesis and associated factors between elderly in Recife, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L F R Santos ◽  
E P Carvalho ◽  
S R A Oliveira ◽  
R S Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dental Prosthesis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Oral Health Services

Abstract Background The latest national oral health survey showed a high prevalence of the need for dental prostheses between the Brazilian elderly. To classify this need, normative (clinical) and subjective (self-reported) criteria must be considered since patients' self-perception takes into account social and functional issues that arise with oral health problems. Few studies investigate the agreement between these criteria, as well as its determinants. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the accuracy of the need for the use of total dental prosthesis and factors associated with the agreement between criteria. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out in three municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, with a random sample of 816 elderly people from 65 to 74 years old. The dependent variable was the accuracy, calculated by the agreement between the self-reported and the normative need for a total dental prosthesis, and the independents were assembled in three blocks (socioeconomic/demographic, access to oral health services and self-perceived oral health). Hierarchical logistic models were conducted for total upper prosthesis (TUP) and total lower prosthesis (TLP). Results The self-perception of the need for prosthetic use presented an accuracy of 75.9% (95% CI = 72.8-78.7%) for TUP and 78.6% (95% CI = 75.6-81.3%) for TLP. In the multiple analysis, the accuracy for TUP and TLP needs holds an association with the variables: family income, age and time since the last dental appointment. Conclusions In conclusion, the self-perception of need for dental prosthesis demonstrates potential applicability for the elderly, presenting notable accuracy values. It suggests that studies based on patients' self-reports should be stimulated, aiming for the evaluation and validation of self-reported criteria in different contexts and cultures. Furthermore, the identification of accuracy associated factors can help to build more meaningful questions to be used in future surveys. Key messages The use of the self-reported need for total dental prosthesis may be feasible when considering lower cost, reduced time of execution and ease of use in population epidemiological surveys. Application of self-reporting as an epidemiological tool for planning and monitoring oral health services, incorporating it in the form of indicators for oral health surveillance.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on the Spirometric Profile of University Students in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zaher Nazzal ◽  
Deema Odeh ◽  
Fatima Azahraa Haddad ◽  
Mohammad Berawi ◽  
Belal Rahhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background. Waterpipe smoking in young individuals is increasing with limited studies addressing its respiratory health effects. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of waterpipe smoking on young adults’ lung functions. Spirometric parameters were compared between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study of university students, including males and females, was conducted. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to record students’ characteristics. The spirometry test was performed to assess students’ lung functions; we recorded the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%). Results. A total of 300 apparently healthy students (150 waterpipe smokers and 150 nonsmokers) were included in the study. Waterpipe smokers showed significantly lower values in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% compared to the nonsmoker group (P<0.05 to P<0.001). The subgroup analysis on female students (50 WP smokers and 50 nonsmokers) showed a significant decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% parameters (P<0.001). Conclusion. Waterpipe smoking is associated with reduced spirometric parameters in healthy young adults with relatively limited smoking years.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Psychological Symptoms and Psychotherapeutic Processes in Japanese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9113
Author(s):  
Toshio Kawai ◽  
Yuka Suzuki ◽  
Chihiro Hatanaka ◽  
Hisae Konakawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Gender differences have been documented in the prevalence of psychological symptoms. Tic disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more common in male clinical samples, while selective mutism and trichotillomania are more common in female clinical samples. In a review of 84 published case studies of Japanese children, this study explored gender differences in the prevalence of four categories of symptoms and expressions made in therapy for tics, selective mutism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and trichotillomania. Case studies were evaluated using both qualitative coding and statistical analysis. The findings were mostly consistent with epidemiological surveys and empirical research on adults. The gender differences in symptom prevalence and their expression could be summarized as differences in more direct aggression for boys versus indirect aggression for girls. The objective and progress in the therapy were to control impulsive energy for boys and to express energy for girls.

Validation of random amplified polymorphic DNA assays by ribotyping as tools for epidemiological surveys of Pasteurella from animals

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chaslus-Dancla ◽  
M.C. Lesage-Descauses ◽  
S. Leroy-Sétrin ◽  
J.L. Martel ◽  
P. Coudert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Dna Assays

scholarly journals Importance of serological cross-reactivity amongToxoplasma gondii, Hammondiaspp.,Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp. andBesnoitia besnoiti

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS F. P. GONDIM ◽  
JOSÉ R. MINEO ◽  
GEREON SCHARES
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andBesnoitia besnoitiare genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification ofT. gondii, Neosporaspp. andB. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected withT. gondiiandH. hammondi,as well as among animals infected byT. gondiiandN. caninum. Infections caused byN. caninumandN. hughesiare almost indistinguishable by serology.Neospora caninum, B. besnoitiandSarcocystisspp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity betweenNeosporaspp. andH. heydorni-infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and/or humans infected withT. gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andB. besnoiti. Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods forN. caninumdiagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.

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