Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Deaths, Case Incidence and Case Fatality Ratio among the Continents for the Period of 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may affect various aspects of the disease including fatality ratio. In this study, 553,518 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients from continents for the period 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 were comprehensively analyzed and a total of 82 mutations were identified concerning the reference sequence. In addition, associations between the mutations and the case fatality ratio (CFR), cases per million and deaths per million, were examined. The mutations having the highest frequencies among different continents were Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L. Among the identified mutations, NSP2_T153M, NSP14_I42V and Spike_L18F mutations showed a positive correlation to CFR. While the NSP13_Y541C, NSP3_T73I and NSP3_Q180H mutations demonstrated a negative correlation to CFR. The Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations showed a positive correlation to deaths per million. The NSP3_T1198K, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a significant negative correlation to deaths per million. The NSP12_P323L and Spike_D614G mutations showed a positive correlation to the number of cases per million. In contrast, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a negative correlation to the number of cases per million. In addition, among the identified clades, none showed a significant correlation to CFR. The G, GR, GV, S clades showed a significant positive correlation to deaths per million. The GR and S clades showed a positive correlation to number of cases per million. The clades having the highest frequencies among continents were G, followed by GH and GR. These findings should be taken into consideration during epidemiological surveys of the virus and vaccine development.

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Evaluation of serum adropin and irisin levels and its association with anthropometric obesity indices and biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetic patients

Nutrition and Healthy Aging ◽

10.3233/nha-200110 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Foad Alzoughool ◽

Huda Al Hourani ◽

Manar Atoum ◽

Sajedah Bateineh ◽

Hanan Alsheikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Obesity Indices ◽

Group Serum

BACKGROUND/AIM: The newly described proteins adropin and irisin are a highly conserved polypeptide that plays essential roles in metabolic and energy homeostasis, insulin resistance, and fat browning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the circulating levels of serum adropin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and also to elucidate possible relationships between serum adropin and irisin levels with anthropometric obesity indices and biochemical parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Single-center prospective observational study included 90 T2DM patients referred to the diabetes outpatient clinic. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lipids, creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen were evaluated. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated, serum adropin and irisin were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed a significant positive correlation between adropin and irisin in females but not in males (r = 0.311; P = 0.042). In males’ group, serum adropin levels showed significant negative correlation with serum glucose (–0.423, P = < 0.05), HbA1C (–0.364, P = < 0.05), and GFR (–0.355, P = < 0.05). In contrast, creatinine was showed a significant positive correlation with adropin in males (0.381, P = < 0.05). In females’ group, adropin showed a significant negative correlation with weight (–0.371, P = < 0.05), BMI (–0.349, P = < 0.05), WC (–0.402, P = < 0.01), and WHtR (–0.398, P = < 0.01). Contrary, in males’ group, serum irisin levels showed significant positive correlation with weight (0.338, P = < 0.05), BMI (0.332, P = < 0.05), WC (0.409, P = < 0.01), and WHtR (0.432, P = < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that, in T2DM patients, circulating serum adrpoin correlated negatively with anthropometric obesity indices of obesity in females, while serum irisin was positively correlated with anthropometric obesity indices of obesity in males.

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Increased plasma kynurenine and its relationship to neopterin and tryptophan in Tourette's syndrome

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700037880 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 857-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

H. Rickards ◽

S. M. Dursun ◽

G. Farrar ◽

T. Betts ◽

J. A. Corbett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tourette Syndrome ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Control Value ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Patient Value

SynopsisFasting plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine and the pteridines, neopterin and tetrahydrobiopterin were measured in seven patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and 10 healthy controls. Plasma kynurenine was significantly elevated in the GTS patients. The lowest patient value was higher than the highest control value. Values for tryptophan, neopterin and tetrahydrobiopterin were similar in TS patients and controls. However, in TS patients only, there was a significant negative correlation between tryptophan and neopterin and a significant positive correlation between kynurenine and neopterin when controlling for tryptophan. This finding indicates that activation of cellular immune processes is a possible explanation for the rise in plasma kynurenine.

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Morpho-Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal Germplasms Affect the Abundance And Infestation of Jassid

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v19i1.54780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 81-91

Author(s):

F Yasmin ◽

MR Amin ◽

M Afroz ◽

MAH Swapon ◽

MM Hossain

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugar ◽

The Other ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Positive Correlation

The tropical vegetable, brinjal is cultivated throughout the year in Bangladesh but the crop is infested by a number of insects including jassid. This study investigated the effects of different biophysical and biochemical characteristics of twelve brinjal germplasms on the abundance and infestation of jassid. The experiment was conducted during September 2018 to March 2019 in Gazipur, Bangladesh with twelve brinjal germplasms namely BD-7320, BD-7328, BD-9952, BD-10154, BD-10158, BARI Begun-1, BARI Begun-4, BARI Begun-5, BARI Begun- 6, BARI Begun-7, BARI Begun-8 and BARI Begun-9. The incidence of jassid was recorded from 3rd December to 26th March, and the lowest population was found on BARI Begun- 6. Among the biophysical traits, plant height, number of branch and leaf per plant, and leaf area exerted significant positive correlation; whereas trichome on lower and upper surfaces of leaf, spine per stem and leaf showed significant negative correlation with the abundance of jassid. On the other hand, moisture, reducing sugar, total sugar and protein content of the leaves and fruits, chlorophyll content of the leaves exerts significant positive correlation but ash and pH contents of the leaves and fruits were negatively correlated with the abundance of jassid. Jassids showed the lowest level of leaf infestation on BARI Begun-6, which could be for further analysis to develop jassid resistant brinjal. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 81-91 (2021)

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THE CORRELATION OF MOBILITY TREND AND SITUATION OF COVID-19 BY COUNTRY, TERRITORY, AND AREA

Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya ◽

10.32539/jkk.v8i3.13732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 153-164

Author(s):

Adrina Esther Liaw ◽

Jihan Natra Shafira ◽

Muhammad Aziz ◽

Iche Andriyani Liberty

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Government Policy ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Research Paper ◽

Analytic Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

The World ◽

The Government

Each country around the world has taken several approaches in order to stop the spreading of the virus. This study was conducted to correlate the mobility trend and the situation of COVID-19 by country, territory, and area. This research paper adopts an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach for 115 countries from February 17th to August 27th, 2020. Tajikistan (r=0,956) and Italy (r=0,931) has the highest positive correlation for retail and recreations. For grocery,the highest degree of positive correlation is Mongolia (r=0,945) and Tajikistan (r=0,933). Bostwana and Italy showed highest significant positive correlation among countries (r=0,985 and r=0,902, respectively) for transit stations and residential (r=0,994 and r=0,984). Bostwana also has the highest significant positive correlation for the park (r=0.980). Meanwhile, for the workplace, Mauritius (r=0,863) and Dominica (r=0,785) are countries with the highest degree of positive correlation with a cumulative case of COVID-19. Society's behavior plays an important role by following the government policy in order to slow down the spread of the virus. Retail and recreations, groceries and pharmacy stores, transit stations, parks, and workplaces found to have a significant positive correlation while residential have a significant negative correlation with cumulative cases of COVID-19 in most countries.

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Analysis of the Correlation between Commodity Grade and Quality ofAngelica sinensisby Determination of Active Compounds Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Chemometrics

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/143286 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zenghui Wang ◽

Dongmei Wang ◽

Linfang Huang

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Average Weight ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Grade Classification ◽

The Difference

The contents of ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, butylidenephthalide, ligustilide, and n-butylphthalide were determined by UPLC analytical method; the correlation among the grade, average weight, and content was explored by correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA); the different commercial grades with average weight and content were revealed by principal component analysis (PCA) and then rationality analysis grade classification ofA. sinensis. The results showed that various commercial grades can be distinguished by PCA analysis. And there was significant negative correlation between the commodity grades and average weight, commodity, and the content of bioactive compounds, while the content of senkyunolide A had significant negative correlation with commodity grades (P<0.01). Average weight had no correlation with chemicals compounds. Additionally, there was significant positive correlation among the bioactive compounds (content of ferulic acid and phthalides) of different grades ofA. sinensis. The content of senkyunolide A, butylidenephthalide, and ligustilide had significant positive correlation with the content of ferulic acid. The content of ligustilide and butylidenephthalide had significant positive correlation with the content of senkyunolide A. The content of ligustilide had significant positive correlation with the content of butylidenephthalide. The basis of grades classification is related with the difference levels of the bioactive compounds.

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The Hla System and the Clinical Response to Treatment with Chlorpromazine

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.129.5.486 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 129 (5) ◽

pp. 486-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

E. Smeraldi ◽

L. Bellodi ◽

E. Sacchetti ◽

C. L. Cazzullo

Keyword(s):

Clinical Response ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Hla System ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Clinical Responses ◽

Pre Treatment

SummaryA group of 33 schizophrenic patients were typed for HLA-SD antigens and their qualitative clinical responses to chlorpromazine therapy determined. A highly significant positive correlation was found between response to chlorpromazine and HLA-A1 positive, while HLA-A2 positive subjects showed a significant negative correlation to chlorpromazine treatment.In a second group of 17 patients the clinical responses to chlorpromazine were evaluated quantitatively, by WPRS, in HLA-A1 positive and HLA-A1 negative patients. There were no pre-treatment differences in the scores. After treatment the scores of positive patients were significantly lower, indicating that they responded to a greater degree.Since the frequency of HLA-A1 in hebephrenic patients is higher than that in other schizophrenics this may explain our earlier finding that hebephrenics, as a group, respond better to chlorpromazine than do other schizophrenics.

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Epidemic respiratory infection in a rural population with special reference to the influenza A epidemics of 1933, 1936–7 and 1943–4

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0022172400014182 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 469-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

W. N. Pickles ◽

F. M. Burnet ◽

Norma McArthur

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Rural Population ◽

Influenza A ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Statistical Study ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Positive Correlation

A statistical study has been made of the records of respiratory infection in a portion of Wensleydale, Yorkshire, over the period 1933–46, which included three major English influenza A epidemics and one B epidemic.Each of these epidemics is recognizable in the Yorkshire records. When the incidence in the eight groups of villages comprising the district is compared there is a significant negative correlation between incidence in 1933 and 1936–7, which is taken as indicating the persistence of group immunity following an influenza A epidemic for 4 years.There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of the 1943–4 (A) and 1945–6 (B) epidemics.

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Relationship between Weather Parameters and Incidence of Gram Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera on Chickpea

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5818 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keshav Mehra ◽

Veer Singh

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Larval Population ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Minimum Relative Humidity ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Sunshine Hours ◽

Weather Parameters

Background: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum which is considered as a “King of pulses” get adversely affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses, out of which gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is the major one. The damage caused by H. armigera starts from vegetative growth and continues till maturity of the crop. This pest is causes 25 to 70 per cent pod damage in chickpea but in favorable conditions pod damage goes upto 95 per cent. Methods: Present study was carried out during, rabi, 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Bikaner (Rajasthan). Correlation coefficient was worked out with weather parameters such as temperature (maximum and minimum), relative humidity (maximum and minimum), rainfall and sunshine hours. Multiple linear forms of regression model were also used to assess the effect of the weather parameters on the incidence of pod borer. Result: The studies revealed that peak larval population of gram pod borer was recorded in the second fortnight of February thereafter, population declined abruptly. The larval population of pod borer on chickpea occurred low at vegetative and flowering stages and high at pod formation as well as at grain developmental stages. The temperature (maximum and minimum) and sunshine hours had significant positive correlation with larval population during rabi, 2015-16. The maximum relative humidity showed significant negative correlation during rabi, 2015-16 whereas, minimum relative humidity showed significant negative correlation with larval population during both the seasons. The rainfall showed significant positive correlation during rabi, 2014-15.

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Correlation of Obesity Status with Zinc Serum Levels and Insulin Resistance in Perimenopause Obese Women

Diponegoro International Medical Journal ◽

10.14710/dimj.v1i2.9559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Heidi Listya

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Obese Women ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Serum Zinc Levels

Abstract Background : Obesity is one of the global health problems. The prevalence of obesity in women is higher than men. Various metabolic problems are caused by obesity, such as insulin resistance and deficiency of micronutrients such as zinc. The occurrence of insulin resistance in obesity is also influenced by zinc deficiency.Objectives : To analyse the correlation of obesity status with serum zinc levels and insulin resistance in perimenopause obese women.Methods : Correlational research with 62 perimenopause obese women subject aged 40-50 years old who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum zinc levels were measurement using AAS and insulin resistance using HOMA IR formula. Serum zinc levels, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose taken from venous blood. Hypothesis testing uses Pearson correlation.Results : 12.9% had low serum zinc levels and high HOMA IR 9.09%. There was a significant negative correlation between BMI with serum zinc levels (r = -0.402; p = 0.001) and significant positive correlation between BMI with insulin resistance (r = 0.396; p = 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between WC with serum zinc levels (r = -0.18 , p = 0.161) and significant positive correlation between WC with insulin resistance ( r =0.284 , p =0.025 ). and significant negative correlation between serum zinc levels with insulin resistance (r = -0.404; p = 0.001).Conclusion : There is a correlation between obesity status with serum zinc levels and correlation between obesity status with insulin resistance in perimenopause obese women.

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Interaction among Nutritive, Textural, and Sensory Properties of Rabbit Sausages

Journal of Food Processing ◽

10.1155/2016/4059023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph M. Wambui ◽

Edward G. Karuri ◽

Margaret M. M. Wanyoike

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Sensory Properties ◽

Mean Values ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

The Mean

The nutritive, textural, and sensory properties of commercial fresh rabbit sausages and their interactions were evaluated. The mean contents of moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate were 43.89 ± 1.66%, 9.82 ± 2.71%, 22.37 ± 1.7%, 2.99 ± 0.10%, and 20.94 ± 3.05%, respectively. Conversely, the mean values of hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were 103.36 ± 3.48 N, −4.54 ± 1.58 N s, 3.38 ± 0.67 mm, 0.15 ± 0.03, 16.07 ± 3.20 N, and 55.73 ± 20.44 N mm, respectively. The moisture and protein contents showed significant negative correlation while three remaining nutritive properties showed significant positive correlation with textural properties (P<0.05 for all parameters). The score for nonparametric ranking of sensory properties like appearance/colour, flavour, juiciness, and tenderness ranged from 28.28 to 38.78, 29.41 to 35.91, 30.06 to 37.38, 26.75 to 40.69, and 29.03 to 36.75, respectively. In conclusion, rabbit sausages formulated with low quantities of moisture and protein result in hard sausages with low acceptability by sensory panellist. To improve the sausages, it is recommended that processors develop an optimal formulation.

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