scholarly journals Imatinib: a new chemopreventive option in adenomatous polyposis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000555
Author(s):  
Angelica Tobon ◽  
Pol Olivas ◽  
Teresa Ocaña ◽  
María Pellisé ◽  
Francesc Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Increased Risk

Patients with adenomatous polyposis, usually defined as patients with >10 adenomatous polyps in the colorectum, are at increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Since surgical and endoscopic treatment do not completely eliminate the potential for future polyps or extraintestinal neoplasms, there is an unmet medical need to identify pharmacological agents to delay major surgical interventions. We present two cases of patients with adenomatous polyposis who developed chronic myelogenous leukaemia and were treated with imatinib as part of their chemotherapy. A sustained regression of the colonic polyps documented in both cases was observed after the initiation of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Despite the presence of potential confounders, we hypothesise the potential role of imatinib as a chemopreventive agent in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Saartje Uyttebroek ◽  
Jolien Onsea ◽  
Willem-Jan Metsemakers ◽  
Lieven Dupont ◽  
David Devolder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Promising Treatment

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition affecting 5–12% of the general population worldwide. In a limited number of cases, the disease is recalcitrant to medical and surgical interventions, causing a major impact on physical, social and emotional well-being and increasing pressure on healthcare systems. Biofilm formation and dysbiosis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. In these cases, a promising treatment alternative is the application of bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect and lyse bacteria. In this review, we appraise the evidence for the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Additionally, (dis)advantages of bacteriophages and considerations for implementation of phage therapy in otorhinolaryngology practice will be discussed.

scholarly journals Acute Hepatic Dysfunction Related to Chronic Acetaminophen Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Ellen Rootring ◽  
Cheryl L. Sargel ◽  
Joseph D. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Esophageal Fistula ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Button Battery ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Chronic Ingestion

Toxicity related to acetaminophen is most encountered with the acute ingestion of large doses. However, toxicity may also result from chronic ingestion, even when recommended doses are administered over a prolonged period of time. We present the case of a 20-month-old female toddler who received therapeutic recommended doses of acetaminophen (oral or intravenous) following multiple surgical interventions for treatment of a tracheo-esophageal fistula following ingestion of a button battery. The potential role of chronic acetaminophen administration in the etiology of hepatoxicity is discussed and prevention strategies are presented.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of the effect of rs2295080 and rs2536 polymorphisms within the mTOR gene on cancer risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Hui Qi ◽  
Chun-Hui Wang ◽  
Hong-Ge Zhang ◽  
Jian-Guo Yu ◽  
Fei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Trial Sequential Analysis ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancers

Abstract There is still no conclusion on the potential effect of the rs2295080 and rs2536 polymorphisms of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) gene on different cancers. Herein, we performed a comprehensive assessment using pooled analysis, FPRP (false-positive report probability), TSA (trial sequential analysis), and eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) analysis. Eighteen high-quality articles from China were enrolled. The pooled analysis of rs2295080 with 9502 cases and 10,965 controls showed a decreased risk of urinary system tumors and specific prostate cancers [TG vs. TT, TG+GG vs. TT and G vs. T; P<0.05, OR (odds ratio) <1]. FPRP and TSA data further confirmed these results. There was an increased risk of leukemia [G vs. T, GG vs. TT, and GG vs. TT+TG genotypes; P<0.05, OR>1]. The eQTL data showed a potential correlation between the rs2295080 and mTOR expression in whole blood samples. Nevertheless, FPRP and TSA data suggested that more evidence is required to confirm the potential role of rs2295080 in leukemia risk. The pooled analysis of rs2536 (6653 cases and 7025 controls) showed a significant association in the subgroup of “population-based” control source via the allele, heterozygote, dominant, and carrier comparisons (P<0.05, OR>1). In conclusion, the TG genotype of mTOR rs2295080 may be linked to reduced susceptibility to urinary system tumors or specific prostate cancers in Chinese patients. The currently data do not strongly support a role of rs2295080 in leukemia susceptibility. Large sample sizes are needed to confirm the potential role of rs2536 in more types of cancer.

Pregnancy exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, prolactin concentrations and breastfeeding in the Odense Child Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann ◽  
Marianne Skovsager Andersen ◽  
Esben Budtz-Jørgensen ◽  
Henriette Boye ◽  
Flemming Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Context Human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced duration of breastfeeding, though not consistently so, and mechanisms by which PFAS might affect breastfeeding are unknown. Objective To examine the association between early pregnancy serum-PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding termination and elucidate the potential role of serum-prolactin concentrations in pregnancy. Materials and methods Pregnant women from the Odense Child Cohort provided blood samples for analysis of five major PFAS (n=1300) and prolactin concentrations (n=924). They subsequently provided information about the duration of breastfeeding in questionnaires at three and eighteen months postpartum, and a subgroup also provided breastfeeding information via weekly cell phone text messages. Associations between serum-PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding termination were analyzed using Cox regressions, while linear regression was used to assess associations between serum-PFAS and prolactin concentrations. Results Increased serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and ∑PFAS were associated with a 16% (95% CI: 4-30%), 14% (95% CI: 2-26%), 14% (95% CI: 3-27%), and 20% (95% CI: 6-36%), respectively, increased risk of terminating breastfeeding at any given time after childbirth. Serum-PFAS concentrations were not associated with serum-prolactin concentrations. Conclusions These findings are of public health importance due to the global exposures to PFAS. Because breastfeeding is crucial to promote both child health and maternal health, adverse PFAS effects on the ability to breastfeed may have long-term health consequences.

scholarly journals The Role of Proteoglycans in Contributing to Placental Thrombosis and Fetal Growth Restriction

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetus And Neonate

Fetal growth restriction is an important pregnancy complication that has major consequences for the fetus and neonate as well as an increased risk of long-term morbidity extending into adulthood. The precise aetiology of most cases of fetal growth restriction is unknown although placental thrombosis is a common feature in many of these cases. This paper will outline the potential role of proteoglycans in contributing to placental thrombosis and fetal growth restriction.

scholarly journals Is there a role for inherited TR βmutation in human carcinogenesis?

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Schwerz Weinert ◽  
Lucieli Ceolin ◽  
Mírian Romitti ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães Camargo ◽  
Ana Luiza Maia
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exon 9

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by end-organ reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone. This syndrome is caused by mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β gene, and its clinical presentation is quite variable. Goiter is reported to be the most common finding. A close association of TRβ mutations with human cancers has become apparent, but the role of TRβ mutants in the carcinogenesis is still undefined. Moreover, higher TSH levels, described in RTH syndrome, are correlated with increased risk of thyroid malignancy, whereas TSH receptor stimulation is likely to be involved in tumor progression. We report here an illustrative case of a 29 year-old patient with RTH caused by a mutation in exon 9 (A317T) of TRβ gene, who presented multicentric papillary thyroid cancer. We review the literature on this uncommon feature, and discuss the potential role of this mutation on human tumorigenesis, as well as the challenges in patient follow-up.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Coagulation Factor Xa in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19: A Role for Anticoagulants as Multimodal Therapeutic Agents

TH Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. e288-e299
Author(s):  
Galit H. Frydman ◽  
Michael B. Streiff ◽  
Jean M. Connors ◽  
Gregory Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Multiple Cells

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) results in local and systemic activation of inflammation and coagulation. In this review article, we will discuss the potential role of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. FXa, a serine protease, has been shown to play a role in the cleavage of SARS-CoV-1 spike protein (SP), with the inhibition of FXa resulting in the inhibition of viral infectivity. FX is known to be primarily produced in the liver, but it is also expressed by multiple cells types, including alveolar epithelium, cardiac myocytes, and macrophages. Considering that patients with preexisting conditions, including cardiopulmonary disease, are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19, we discuss the potential role of increased levels of FX in these patients, resulting in a potential increased propensity to have a higher infectious rate and viral load, increased activation of coagulation and inflammation, and development of fibrosis. With these observations in mind, we postulate as to the potential therapeutic role of FXa inhibitors as a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for high-risk patients with COVID-19.

A potential role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/WAF1) in the pathogenesis of endometriosis: Directions for future research

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 109414
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Zarkadoulas ◽  
Vasilios Pergialiotis ◽  
Dimitrios Dimitroulis ◽  
Konstantinos Stefanidis ◽  
Christos Verikokos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
P21 Waf1

scholarly journals Acinetobacter baumanniiLipopolysaccharide Influences Adipokine Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Unno ◽  
Yoshinori Sato ◽  
Satoshi Nishida ◽  
Akiyo Nakano ◽  
Ryuichi Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adipocyte Cell

Acinetobacter baumanniiis one of the most important nosocomial opportunistic pathogen worldwide. In addition, obesity has been associated with an increased risk of nosocomial infection, suggesting that there may be an association betweenA. baumanniiand white adipose tissue. However, the effects ofA. baumanniion adipocytes have not been well studied at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the potential role ofA. baumannii-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as signaling molecules that affect adipocyte functionality. We tested the effect of increasing concentrations ofA. baumannii-derived LPS (10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL) on the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line. Exposure to LPS was found to increase the expression of several adipokines (e.g., MIP-2, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, lipocalin-2, and FABP4) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and significantly reduced the expression of leptin and adiponectin. The effects ofA. baumannii-derived LPS on MIP-2 expression were similar in comparison with that of LPS prepared fromPseudomonas aeruginosaandEscherichia coliin our cell culture-based system. This study suggests thatA. baumannii-derived LPS functions as a signaling molecule that impacts the inflammatory function of white adipose tissue on the level of gene expression.

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