scholarly journals Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda G Duarte ◽  
Sandra da Silva Moreira ◽  
Maria da Conceição C Almeida ◽  
Carlos A de Souza Teles ◽  
Carine S Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adherence To Diet

ObjectiveExamine whether glycaemic control varies according to sex and whether the latter plays a role in modifying factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Brazil and Venezuela.Design, setting and participantsThis was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil and Venezuela from February 2006 to June 2007 to obtain information about glycaemic control and its determinants in patients with diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics.Main outcome measuresHaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured by liquid chromatography, and patients with HbA1c ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have inadequate glycaemic control. The association of selected variables with glycaemic control was analysed by multivariate linear regression, using HbA1c as the dependent variable.ResultsA total of 9418 patients with T2D were enrolled in Brazil (n=5692) and in Venezuela (n=3726). They included 6214 (66%) women and 3204 (34%) men. On average, HbA1c levels in women were 0.13 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24; p=0.015) higher than in men, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, race, country, body mass index, duration of disease, complications, type of healthcare, adherence to diet, adherence to treatment and previous measurement of HbA1c. Sex modified the effect of some factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with T2D in our study, but had no noteworthy effect in others.ConclusionsWomen with T2D had worse glycaemic control than men. Possible causes for poorer glycaemic control in women compared with men include differences in glucose homeostasis, treatment response and psychological factors. In addition, sex modified factors associated with glycaemic control, suggesting the need to develop specific treatment guidelines for men and women.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Masudus Salehin ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Tania Tansi ◽  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Factors Associated

Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a major public health burden in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 adults with T2D presenting at the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) hospital between July 2013 to December 2013. CKD was diagnosed based on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate using the ‘Modification of Diet in Renal Disease’ equations and presence of albuminuria estimated by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with CKD. The overall prevalence of CKD among patients with T2D was 21.3%. In the unadjusted model Factors associated with CKD were: aged 40-49 years (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 1.3-25.4), age 50-59 years (7.0, 1.6-39), age ≥60 years (7.6, 1.7-34); being female (2.2, 1.2-3.8), hypertensive (1.9, 1.1-3.5) and household income between 128.2-256.4 US$ (2.9, 1.0-8.2) compared with income ≤128.2$. However, after adjustment of other covariates, only duration of hypertension and household income (128.2-256.4 US$) remained statistically significant. There is a need to implement policies and programs for early detection and management of hypertension and CKD in T2D patients in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Monira Alwhaibi ◽  
Nasser Alqahtani ◽  
Tariq Alhawassi ◽  
Thamir M Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to measure the adherence rates of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assess the relationship of glycaemic control and adherence to OADs after controlling for other associated factors.DesignCross-sectional retrospective study.SettingLarge tertiary hospital in the central region of Saudi Arabia.Participants5457patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with T2DM during the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe modified medication possession ratio (mMPR) was calculated as a proxy measure for adherence of OADs. The factors associated with OADs non-adherence and medication oversupply were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models. The secondary outcomes were to measure the association between OADs adherence and glycaemic control.ResultsMajority of patients with T2DM were females (n=3400, 62.3%). The average glycated haemoglobin was 8.2±1.67. Among the study population, 48.6% had good adherence (mMPR >0.8) and 8.6% had a medication oversupply (mMPR >1.2). Good adherence was highest among those using repaglinide (71.0%) followed by pioglitazone (65.0%) and sitagliptin (59.0%). In the multivariate analysis, women with T2DM were more likely to have poor adherence (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.76, 95% CI=0.67, 0.86) compared with men. Also, medication oversupply was more likely among patients with hyperpolypharmacy (AOR=1.88, 95% CI=1.36, 2.63), comorbid osteoarthritis (AOR=1.72, 95% CI=1.20, 02.45) and non-Saudi patients (AOR=1.53, 95% CI=1.16, 2.01). However, no association was found between glycaemic control and adherence to OADs.ConclusionThe study findings support the growing concern of non-adherence to OADs among patients with T2DM in Saudi Arabia. Decision makers have to invest in behavioural interventions that will boost medication adherence rates. This is particularly important in patients with polypharmacy and high burden of comorbid conditions.

scholarly journals Factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia: a descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e004794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurubaran Ganasegeran ◽  
Pukunan Renganathan ◽  
Rizal Abdul Manaf ◽  
Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Centre Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Single Centre Study

scholarly journals Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Rishabh Sharma ◽  
Manik Chhabra ◽  
Kota Vidyasagar ◽  
Muhammed Rashid ◽  
Daniela Fialova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beers Criteria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at greater risk of receiving potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) during hospitalization which may result in adverse outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the extent of PIM use in the older population with T2DM during hospitalization in a tertiary care hospital in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2019 to January 2020 in a tertiary care teaching hospital among the older population (aged ≥ 65 years) hospitalized with T2DM. Medications prescribed during hospitalization were reviewed following Beers Criteria 2019 to identify the extent of polypharmacy and PIM use. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with PIM use. Results: The mean age of the 150 patients hospitalized with T2DM was 68.85 ± 5.51 years, most of whom were men (54.7%). The participants had at least four comorbidities and were receiving an average of nine medications per day; the median length of hospital stay was 8 days (interquartile range (IQR): 4–19 days). Overall, three quarters (74%) of the participants had at least one PIM prescribed during their hospitalization as per Beers Criteria. Significant factors associated with the use of PIM during hospitalization are patients taking a higher number of medications (odds ratio (OR): 7.85, 95% CI 1.49–41.10), lower creatinine clearance values (OR: 12.90, 95% CI 2.81–59.28) and female patients (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.05–4.97). Conclusions: PIM use is frequently observed in older T2DM patients during hospitalization. Polypharmacy, reduced renal function and female gender are associated with higher PIM use. Engaging clinical pharmacists in evaluating medication appropriateness can improve the outcomes of older patients.

scholarly journals Glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients and its predictors: a retrospective database study at a tertiary care diabetes centre in Ningbo, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Li ◽  
Kaushik Chattopadhyay ◽  
Miao Xu ◽  
Yanshu Chen ◽  
Fangfang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to assess glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at a tertiary care diabetes centre in Ningbo, China and to determine factors that independently predict their glycaemic control.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study using an existing database, the Diabetes Information Management System.SettingTertiary care diabetes centre in Ningbo, China.ParticipantsThe study included adult patients with T2DM, registered and received treatment at the diabetes centre for at least six consecutive months. The study inclusion criteria were satisfied by 1387 patients, from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2017.Primary outcome measureGlycaemic control (poor was defined as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)>=7% or fasting blood glucose (FBG)>7.0 mmol/L).ResultsIn terms of HbA1c and FBG, the 5-year period prevalence of poor glycaemic control was 50.3% and 57.3%, respectively. In terms of HbA1c and FBG, the odds of poor glycaemic control increased with the duration of T2DM (>1 to 2 years: OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.19; >2 to 4 years: 3.32, 1.88 to 5.85 and >4 years: 5.98, 4.09 to 8.75 and >1 to 2 years: 2.10, 1.22 to 3.62; >2 to 4 years: 2.48, 1.42 to 4.34 and >4 years: 3.34, 2.32 to 4.80) and were higher in patients residing in rural areas (1.68, 1.24 to 2.28 and 1.42, 1.06 to 1.91), with hyperlipidaemia (1.57, 1.12 to 2.19 and 1.68, 1.21 to 2.33), on diet, physical activity and oral hypoglycaemic drug (OHD) as part of their T2DM therapeutic regimen (1.80, 1.01 to 3.23 and 2.40, 1.36 to 4.26) and on diet, physical activity, OHD and insulin (2.47, 1.38 to 4.41 and 2.78, 1.58 to 4.92), respectively.ConclusionsMore than half of patients with T2DM at the diabetes centre in Ningbo, China have poor glycaemic control, and the predictors of glycaemic control were identified. The study findings could be taken into consideration in future interventional studies aimed at improving glycaemic control in these patients.

scholarly journals Insulin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes in Mexico: Behaviors and Barriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneth Bermeo-Cabrera ◽  
Paloma Almeda-Valdes ◽  
Josefa Riofrios-Palacios ◽  
Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas ◽  
Roopa Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Fear Of Hypoglycemia ◽  
Insulin Omission

Objective. To investigate factors associated with insulin adherence in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) attending a tertiary care centre in Mexico City. Material and Methods. Cross-sectional study, including 200 patients. Adherence to insulin therapy was measured with a medication adherence questionnaire. Sociodemographic data and factors related to insulin omission were collected and compared between the nonadherent and adherent groups. Results. We categorized 117 (58.5%) patients as nonadherent and 83 (41.5%) as adherent. Among the adherent, only 22 patients (11%) had excellent adherence to insulin therapy. The following factors were associated with nonadherence: lack of planning of daily activities (46.1%), fear of hypoglycemia (41%), economic factors (15.4%), and number of insulin applications (2.31 versus 1.76 applications per day). Conclusions. In this study, patients with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care referral centre showed inadequate adherence to insulin therapy. The principal factors associated with insulin omission were low socioeconomic status, fear of hypoglycemia, and a greater number of insulin applications per day.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Populations with Low-Risk of Obesity: A Cross- Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedapo W Awotidebe ◽  
Auwalu Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

BACKGROUND፡ There are few data concerning the prevalence and predictors of musculoskeletal pain among adults with type 2 diabetes in population with low-risk of obesity. Our objective was to describe the point prevalence and factors associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal pain in this population.METHODS: A cross-sectional data of 200 adults with type 2 diabetes, aged ≥ 18 years who were attending two tertiary hospitals were examined. Musculoskeletal pain and physical activity were collected with Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQSF) respectively. We used logistic regression to examine the risks associated with musculoskeletal pain.RESULTS: The point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 72.7% and similar between men (72.3%) and women (73.1%). In the last 7days, advancing age (odds ratio=1.09;95%CI:1.02-1.16) and comorbidity (odds ratio=3.0;95%CI:1.07-8.39) were risk factors associated with musculoskeletal pain. In the last 12 months, only comorbidity (odds ratio=5.57;95%CI:1.62-19.17) was a risk factor for increasing musculoskeletal pain. However, a unit increase in physical activity level (odds ratio=0.06;95%CI:0.008-0.51) was associated with decreased odds of musculoskeletal pain.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high and physical activity was associated with a decreased risk thereof. A further research should be evaluated on the influence of physical activity on musculoskeletal pain.

scholarly journals Assessment of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a clinic-based study in a slum of Kolkata

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4768
Author(s):  
Tania Pan ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta ◽  
Sweta Suman ◽  
Bobby Paul ◽  
Rajarshi Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Urban Health Centre

Background: Although diabetes is a chronic condition, it can be controlled and managed to prevent complications. Long-standing diabetes with poor glycaemic control leads to many complications. This study aims to assess the glycaemic control status and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients attending Urban Health Centre in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal.Methods: A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 184 diabetic patients attending clinic at Urban Health Centre, Chetla from October-December 2017. Each respondent was interviewed using a structured schedule to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, disease profile and self-care activities. Height and weight were measured. Individuals with PPBS ≥160 mg/dl were said to have poor glycaemic control. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Out of 184 participants, 37.5% had poor glycaemic control. Mean (±SD) age of the participants was 51.64 (9.64) years. Median duration of diabetes was 4 years. 104 (56.5%) had overweight/ obesity. Only 26.6% had satisfactory dietary practice. Test results revealed ≥4 years duration of diabetes, overweight/ obesity, smoking, unsatisfactory diet and non-adherence to medications as significant predictors of poor glycaemic control, explaining 31.6% of the variance of glycaemic control with non-significant Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics.Conclusions: The study has identified factors associated with poor glycaemic control among the study participants. Emphasis on promoting a healthy lifestyle which includes a healthful eating plan, cessation of smoking, maintaining optimum body weight and strictly adhering of prescribed medications would go a long way in maintaining good glycaemic control.

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