scholarly journals Association between alcohol and drug use and arrest for driving under the influence after crash involvement in a rural area of Norway: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt ◽  
Hallvard Gjerde ◽  
Giovanni Romeo ◽  
Stig Tore Bogstrand
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesThe rate of deaths caused by road traffic crashes is particularly high in rural areas. It has been hypothesised that one factor that may contribute is differences in patterns of alcohol use. The aim was to compare the prevalence of psychoactive substances among crash-involved drivers arrested for suspicion of driving under the influence (DUI) who are tested for alcohol and drugs and recent random drivers in a rural area. Furthermore, we investigated the association between traffic crashes and driving after using alcohol, illicit or medicinal drugs either alone or in combination.MethodsA case–control study was carried out in which the case group consisted of crash-involved drivers arrested for suspicion of DUI from 2000 to 2015. This group was compared with a control group of randomly selected drivers recruited to a roadside survey in normal traffic from 2014 to 2015. The case group consisted of 612 individuals (542 men and 70 women) and the control group of 3027 individuals (2099 men and 927 women). Drug and alcohol screening was performed on blood samples from the cases and samples of oral fluid from the controls.ResultsThe proportion of psychoactive substances was 81.7% among cases and 1.6% among the controls. The prevalence of combinations of psychoactive substances was 18% among the cases and 0.3% among the controls. The multivariate regression model analysis identified significant drug interactions.ConclusionThe prevalence of alcohol and drugs was high among the crash-involved drivers arrested for suspicion of DUI by the police. In contrast to earlier published research combinations of different psychoactive substances did not increase the OR for traffic crash involvement more than the single drug with highest OR. The statistical methodology presented in this study should be allied in future studies with greater statistical power to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tobias Hengartner ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Riccardo E. Pfister ◽  
Diane Snyers ◽  
Jane McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of &#x3c;28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, <i>n</i> = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (<i>n</i> = 178, control group). <b><i>Results:</i></b> When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

scholarly journals The role of leukotriene modifying agent treatment in neuropsychiatric events of elderly asthma patients: a nested case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Oh Kang ◽  
Kyung Hyun Min ◽  
Hyun Jeong Kim ◽  
Tae Hyeok Kim ◽  
Woorim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Boxed Warning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration decided that the dangers related to neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) of montelukast, one of the leukotriene modifying agents (LTMAs), should be communicated through ‘boxed warning’. In case of NPEs, the prevalence has been the highest in elderly people. Because the characteristics of the elderly such as old age itself can act as risk factors. Therefore, an investigation on safety of LTMAs related to NPEs in elderly using LTMAs is needed. Method A nested case-control study using an elderly sample cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was used. The asthma cohort included asthma patients newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Within the asthma cohort, the case group was defined as patients who were diagnosed with NPEs. Among patients who had never been diagnosed with NPEs, the control group was selected by matching 1:1 by propensity score. Patients who were prescribed LTMAs for 1 year prior to index date were defined as the exposure group. The logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of LTMAs on NPEs. Results We identified 141,165 patients with newly diagnosed asthma, and selected 31,992 patients per each case and control group. Exposure to LTMAs significantly increased the risk of overall NPEs about in comparison with the absence of exposure (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.50–1.68). After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall NPEs risk increased (adjusted OR, 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.78). Conclusion This study suggests that elderly asthma patients prescribed LTMAs had a higher risk of NPEs than patients who were not treated with LTMAs. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of LTMAs.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Fetus dan Tali Pusat terhadap Risiko Asphyxia Perinatal di Surakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Siti Lestari ◽  
Dyah Dwi Astuti ◽  
Fachriza Malika Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fetal Position ◽  
Control Study

Asfiksia perinatal merujuk pada kekurangan oksigen selama persalinan, sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kematian dan kecacatan. WHO memperkirakan  4 juta anak terlahir dengan asfiksia setiap tahun, dimana 1 juta di antaranya meninggal dan 1 juta anak bertahan hidup dengan gejala sisa neurologis yang parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko fetal dan tali pusat pada asfiksia neonatal.Penelitian dilakukan di lakukan di RS Dr Moewardi Surakarta dengan pendekatan  quantitative retrospective case control study. Data diambil dari rekam medis antara  tahun 2013-2018. Penelitan ini melibatkan  264 neonatal yang terdiri dari 88 kelompok kasus dan 176  kelompok control. Kelompok kasus adalah bayi dengan diagnosa  asfiksia yang  dilakukan analisis terhadap faktor risiko fetal, sedangkan bayi yang tidak mengalami asfiksia dijadikan  kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik uji Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact ditemukan bahwa  kelahiran prematur (OR 2,07 CI 95% P 0,02), persalinan dengan tindakan (OR 3,61 CI 95% P 0,00), berat bayi (OR 2,85 CI 95% P 0,00), posisi janin (OR 2,37 CI 95% P 0,05), tali pusat ( QR 3,071 CI 95%  P 0,01)  berisiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal. Air ketuban yang bercampur meconium (OR 1,51 CI 95% P 0,16) tidak memiliki risiko  dengan Asfiksia perinatal. Kesimpulan: Risiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal  meliputi kelahiran prematur, persalinan dengan tindakan, berat bayi, posisi janin,  dan tali pusat.Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen during labor, which has the potential to cause death and disability. WHO estimates  4 million children born with asphyxia each year, in  which 1 million dies and 1 million survive with severe neurological sequelae. This study aims to analyze fetal and umbilical risk factors in neonatal asphyxia.This research is a quantitative retrospective case-control study, which was conducted at The Dr. Moewardi  hospital,  Surakarta. Data was taken from  medical records from 2013-2018. The case group was patients diagnosed  asphyxia, while those who did not experience asphyxia were treated as a control group.  A total of 264  samples, consisting of 88 case group respondents and 176 control group respondents. Statistical analysis Chi- Square and Fisher Exact found that preterm birth (OR 2.07 CI 95% P 0.02), labor with instrument or complication (OR 3.61 CI 95% P 0.00), infant weight (OR 2.85 CI 95% P 0, 00), fetal position (OR 2.37 CI 95% P 0.05), umbilical cord (QR 3.071 CI 95% P 0.01) are at risk for the incidence of perinatal Asphyxia. The amniotic fluid mixed with meconium (OR 1.51 CI 95% P 0.16) has no risk with perinatal asphyxia.The risk factors of incidences of perinatal asphyxia were  preterm birth, labor with instrument or complication, baby weight, fetal position and umbilical cord. 

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Levels of Vitamin C, Uric Acid and Antioxidant Condition with Coronary Artery Diseases: a Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Torkzaban ◽  
Seyed Amir Mansour Alavi Naeini ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Namdari
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Coronary hearth diseases are among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are an effective factor in progress of atherosclerosis. Some studies have also reported different malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity among the atherosclerosis patients.Methods In this case-control study, 44 atherosclerosis patients referring to Shahid Madani treatment-education center were considered as the case group; while 44 healthy peoples were placed in the control group. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. Food frequency questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaires were also completed. After 12 hours of fasting, 10 ml blood was sampled from the participants. Uric acid, vitamin C, TAC and MDA were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS Ver 22 software.Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of uric acid (P<0.001) and vitamin C (P<0.03). However, mean MDA and TAC showed no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups’ difference in terms of vitamin A, E and beta carotene, zinc and selenium intake was not significant. A significant difference was however detected between the two groups in terms of vitamin C (P<0.047). A significant relationship was also observed between the systolic pressure and CHD (P<0.028).Conclusion Results of this study indicated that the uric acid and vitamin C levels of atherosclerosis patients had significant increase and decrease in comparison with the healthy subjects, respectively. Mean TAC and antioxidant levels of their diets (except for vitamin C) showed no significant difference. Systolic blood pressure of the patients was significantly higher than the controls.

scholarly journals Mental and personality disorders in infertile women with polycystic ovary: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241-1249
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Faramarzi ◽  
Zahra Basirat ◽  
Farzan Kheirkhah ◽  
Mohammad Chehrazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Objective: The current study investigated mental and personality disorders in infertile women with and without PCOS. Methods: This case-control study evaluated 400 infertile women who referred to the Infertility Center in Babol city (North of Iran). Participants were categorized into the case group (201 PCOS) and the control group (199 without PCOS). All of the participants completed the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Results: The mean scores for clinical personality patterns were significantly higher for six personality disorders (schiz- oid, avoidant, antisocial, depressive, sadistic, and negativistic) and for three classes of severe personality disorder patterns (schizotypal, borderline, and paranoid) in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. The mean scores for eight clinical disorders (somatoform, manic disorder, dysthymia, alcohol-dependence, drug-dependence, post-trauma stress disorder, major depression, and delusion disorder) were also higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Conclusion: The scores of many mental and personality disorders are higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Thus, clinicians should prioritize recognizing and treating psychological problems of infertile women with PCOS. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; infertility; personality disorders.

scholarly journals Associations of Genetic Variation in Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in a Chinese Population: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Wan ◽  
Boshen Wang ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Baoli Zhu ◽  
Yuepu Pu
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Control Study

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to clarify the association between genetic variation in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Methods: A case-control study (633 cases and 625 controls) was conducted in this study. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between environmental and individual factors and NIHL. Gene expression levels were compared among each GAPDH rs6489721 genotype and between the case and control groups based on real-time fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: The T allele of GADPH rs6489721 was significantly associated with NIHL (odds ratio (OR) = 1.262, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.066, 1.493), p = 0.006) and showed strong associations in the codominant and dominant models (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.586, 95% CI (1.131, 2.225), p = 0.008; TT vs. TC/CC: OR = 1.391, 95% CI (1.073, 1.804), p = 0.013). The expression level of the TT genotype was significantly higher than that of the CC genotype (p = 0.012), and the expression of the case group was also higher than that of the control group (p = 0.013). Conclusions: The homozygous risk allele (TT) of rs6489721 was associated with an enhanced GAPDH expression, resulting in the development of NIHL in a Chinese population.

scholarly journals The Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Chinese Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jianqing Deng ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Long Cao ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To shed light on the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Methods. From July 2013 to March 2017, we conducted a matched case–control study involving individuals who presented to the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital and underwent thoracoabdominal magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography angiography. A total of 73 patients with TAAAs were enrolled in the case group, and 219 sex-matched subjects without TAAAs were included in the control group. We then examined the relationship between HHcy and TAAAs by logistic regression models and subgroup as well as interaction analyses. Results. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and the proportion of HHcy were significantly higher in the patients with TAAAs than in those without TAAAs (P<0.001). Furthermore, the multivariate logistic regression models indicated that participants with HHcy had a 2.14-fold higher risk of TAAAs than those with a normal serum tHcy level (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–4.56). Similarly, each 1 μmol/L increase in the serum tHcy concentration was associated with a 4% higher risk of TAAAs (adjusted OR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.07). Subgroup analyses indicated that HHcy tended to be associated with a greater risk of TAAAs in all stratified subgroups (adjusted ORs>1). Furthermore, the interaction analyses revealed no interactive role in the association between HHcy and TAAAs. Conclusions. The present case–control study suggests that HHcy is an independent risk factor for TAAAs. Larger prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Association of Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Selim Shahi ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
Md Shaheen Wadud ◽  
Ak Takib Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Uttam Kumar Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Several epidemiological studies have identified the association of abnormal ABPI with ischemic stroke. So the goal of this study was to determine the actual relationship of ABPI with ischemic stroke in the context of our country. Materials and Methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ABPI was measured by Doppler ultrasound machine of 100 patients who were admitted to the Mitford Hospital during the study period. Among them 50 patients with Ischemic stroke, confirmed by CT/MRI scan of brain were considered as ‘case’ and 50 age- sex matched individuals with one or more vascular risk factors (VRF) but without stroke were considered as ‘control’. Then the results of ABPI were compared between the two groups. Results: Among the 50 patients with ischemic stroke (case group) , 74% had normal ABPI and 26% had ABPI< 0.9; on the other hand among 50 age and sex matched individuals (control group) 90% had normal ABPI and 10% had ABPI <0.9. The difference was statistically significant between two groups (p=<0.05).This association remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders (age, gender, high BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, ischemic heart disease and family history) in a multiple logistic regression model. Conclusion: The incidence of low ABPI is significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients than the age- sex matched control. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2013; Vol. 29 (1) : 31-42

scholarly journals Association of M55L and Q192R polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) with recurrent pregnancy loss risk: A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Alizadeh ◽  
Mahboobeh Nasiri ◽  
Morteza Samadi ◽  
Nasrin Ghasemi ◽  
Ali Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) refers to the incidence of two or more abortions before the first half of pregnancy. Oxidative stress has been hypothesized to play a central role in RPL. Objective: To investigate the relationship between Q192R and L55M polymorphisms of PON1 as antioxidant enzyme and the risk of RPL. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, 110 women with RPL (case) and 110 healthy fertile women (control) referred to the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shiraz, Iran were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood in all participants. Polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: Statistical analysis of Q192R polymorphism showed a significant difference for the RR genotype between the case and control group (OR = 11, CI = 1.39–86.87, p = 0.005) but none for the QR and QQ genotypes. No significant association was observed between the R and Q allelic frequency in the RPL participants compared to the control group (p = 0.53). Also, statistical analysis of the L55M polymorphism for MM genotype in the case group compared with the control group showed a significant difference (OR = 3.59, CI = 0.97–13.30, p = 0.042), but none for the LM and LL genotypes. Conclusion: The findings showed a significant correlation between the Q192R polymorphisms and the L55M PON1 enzyme and RPL in this study population. Key words: Pregnancy, Abortion, PON1, Polymorphism, Recurrent pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals Clinical Correlates of Rapid Eyeball Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder with Clomipramine: A Case Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Pandey ◽  
Achyut Kumar Pandey ◽  
Malvika Pandey ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Behaviour Disorder ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Sleep Behaviour ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Antidepressants have been implicated in causing Rapid eyeball movement sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD). While Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) and Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) are more frequently implicated, Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) have been less studied. Aim: To characterise the clinical correlates of RBD on Clomipramine and to compare these parameters with those who didn’t develop RBD on treatment with clomipramine. Materials and Methods: It was a case control study in which participants who were on clomipramine and had developed RBD were studied, and a comparison was made with those participants who were on clomipramine but didn’t develop RBD. All the assessments were done in a single sitting. Patients who were on clomipramine, for any reason, were screened for presence of sleep disorder. Detailed interview was done for diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnosis of RBD to form the case group. From the group of participants, who didn’t meet the criteria for RBD, every 7th case was included to form the control group (NRBD group). Both the groups were interviewed for socio-demographic and clinical profile and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Version 5) was applied for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) of diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Chi-square and Independent t-test were used to make the group comparisons. Pearson’s coefficient was used for correlation analysis. Results: A total of 164 participants, on clomipramine, were evaluated for presence of RBD, which was found in 20 and were included in the RBD group and 20 participants, were included in the NRBD group. Mean age of the participants in RBD group was 36.650±7.882 years. Mean duration of RBD development was 16.4 days (Range: 3-40 days). In comparison to the NRBD group, in the RBD group mean dosages (p=0.016), and mean duration of treatment (p=0.026) with clomipramine was significantly higher. Correlational analysis showed that duration of development of RBD correlated negatively with age (r=-0.479, p=0.034) and dosage of clomipramine (r=-0.095, p=0.690). Conclusion: RBD has higher prevalence and younger age of onset with clomipramine usage than earlier reported. Higher dosage increases the chance of developing RBD. Clinicians should be alert for identifying and managing RBD in all patients on antidepressants.

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