scholarly journals Carrier prevalence and risk factors for colonisation of multiresistant bacteria in Danish emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e029000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Skjøt-Arkil ◽  
Christian Backer Mogensen ◽  
Annmarie Touborg Lassen ◽  
Isik S Johansen ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the carrier prevalence and demographic variation of four different multiresistant bacteria (MRB) among acute patients in Danish emergency departments (EDs): methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and to analyse the association of MRB carriage to a range of potential risk factors.DesignMulticentre descriptive and analytic cross-sectional survey.SettingEight EDs and four clinical microbiology departments in Denmark.ParticipantsAdults visiting the ED.Main outcome measuresSwabs from nose, throat and rectum were collected and analysed for MRSA, ESBL, VRE and CPE. The primary outcome was the prevalence of MRB carriage, and secondary outcomes relation to risk factors among ED patients.ResultsWe included 5117 patients in the study. Median age was 68 years (54–77) and gender was equally distributed. In total, 266 (5.2%, 95% CI 4.6 to 5.8) were colonised with at least one MRB. No significant difference was observed between male and female patients, between age groups and between university and regional hospitals. Only 5 of the 266 patients with MRB were colonised with two of the included bacteria and none with more than two. CPE prevalence was 0.1% (95% CI 0.0 to 0.2), MRSA prevalence was 0.3% (95% CI 0.2 to 0.5), VRE prevalence was 0.4% (95% CI 0.3 to 0.6) and ESBL prevalence was 4.5% (95% CI 3.9 to 5.1). Risk factors for MRB carriage were previous antibiotic treatment, previous hospital stay, having chronic respiratory infections, use of urinary catheter and travel to Asia, Oceania or Africa.ConclusionEvery 20th patient arriving to a Danish ED brings MRB to the hospital. ESBL is the most common MRB in the ED. The main risk factors for MRB carriage are recent antibiotic use and travel abroad.Trial registration numberNCT03352167;Post-results.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children in South Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HEYWORTH ◽  
P. BAGHURST ◽  
K. A. McCAUL
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
School Health ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastroenteritis among children aged 4 years in South Australia. A cross-sectional survey of 9543 South Australian children aged 4 years was undertaken. Parents completed a questionnaire on behalf of their child who had attended a pre-school health check in 1998. The questionnaire covered gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms experienced by the child in the previous 2 weeks and other risk factors for gastroenteritis. The 2-week prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children was 14·2%. The major risk factors for gastroenteritis were presence of persons who had gastroenteritis inside the home, contact with persons who had gastroenteritis outside the home, antibiotic use and sore throat. Medical attention was sought for 20% of children who had gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is a significant cause of morbidity among young children and presents a considerable burden on the community. A substantial proportion of these occurrences of highly credible gastrointestinal symptoms may be manifestations of respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotic Supply Decisions by Community Pharmacists in Thailand: A Vignette Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Sisira Donsamak ◽  
Marjorie C. Weiss ◽  
Dai N. John
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
A Chain

In Thailand, antibiotics are available lawfully from community pharmacies without a prescription. Inappropriate supply of antibiotics from Thai community pharmacies to the public for common, self-limiting diseases has been reported. The study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotics selected by community pharmacists in Thailand in response to vignettes. A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists across Thailand was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire including nine case vignettes with three conditions, namely upper respiratory infections (URIs), acute diarrhoea and simple wounds. A total of 208 questionnaires were completed and analysed (20.8% response rate). In response to vignettes relating to URIs, 50.8% of pharmacist recommendations were not in accordance with antibiotic guidelines. Inappropriate recommendations for diarrhoea and wound cases were 20.8% and 16.7%, respectively. A higher proportion of younger pharmacists, those with less experience, Pharm. D. graduate pharmacists, employee pharmacists and those pharmacists who worked in a chain pharmacy were more likely to recommend appropriate antibiotic treatment in response to the vignettes (p < 0.05). These findings will be useful to promote educational interventions for community pharmacists regarding common infectious disease management in order to improve appropriate antibiotic use.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION CHILDREN 6-23 MONTHS AND SOME CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES OF MOTHERS AT THE MATERNITY AND CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF HA NAM PROVINE IN 2016-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Dung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thinh ◽  
Pham Van Phu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children’S Hospital

A cross-sectional survey on 523 pairs of mother and suffered from acute respiratory infections child6-23 months old treated at the Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Ha Nam provine in 2016-2018to assess the nutritional status of children and describe some mother’s child-feeding practices. Theresults showed that: The rates of stunting and wasting of children were high: 21.2% and 11.1%(respectively); the rate of underweight was 14.0%. The rates of mothers who breastfeed their babieslate after the first hour after birth and of mothers who give complementary foods too early or too late(before 6 months or after 8 months of age) were quite high: 62.5% and 53.0% (respectively); the rateof mothers squeezed colostrum before first breastfeeding was 24.3%. Children who were started oncomplementary feeding at the wrong time compared with those who were fed at the right time hadhigher rates of stunting: 24.2% and 18.8% (respectively) (OR=1, 4; 95%CI 0.9-2.3) but no statisticallysignificant difference (p=0.1075); the rate of underweight malnutrition was also higher: 19.5% and7.8% (respectively) statistically significant difference (OR=2.9; 95%CI 1.6-5.3; p=0.0001).

Characterizing Husbandry Risk Factors Associated with Metastatic Soft Tissue Mineralization in Zoo-Housed Komodo Dragons (Varanus komodoensis) in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Zimmerman ◽  
Jennifer H. Yu ◽  
Willem Schaftenaar ◽  
Laura Debnar ◽  
Drury Reavill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Metastatic soft tissue mineralization has emerged as a major cause of death in captive Komodo dragons ( Varanus komodoensis ). A cross-sectional survey-based study was performed to evaluate husbandry-related risk factors for metastatic mineralization in zoo-housed Komodo dragons in the United States. Nineteen institutions participated, nine of which (47.4%) had a history of metastatic mineralization within their collections. Husbandry at participating institutions varied in temperature gradients, outdoor exposure, artificial lighting, and diet items offered. Differences in husbandry were tested between institutions with and without a history of mineralization using univariate analyses, and variables resulting in a significance level ≤0.10 were entered into a multinomial logistic regression model. The only variable demonstrating a significant difference during univariate analyses was the number of dragons per enclosure ( p =0.036), while the only significant predictive variable after modeling was humidity approximation. Zoos that approximated rather than measured humidity were 12.0 times as likely to have a history of mineralization in their Komodo dragons (OR 12.0, p =0.045). These variables likely reflect the under- or overestimation of exhibit humidity levels, and the tendency to house males and females together. Based on post-mortem findings for 27 dragon mortalities from these institutions, the presence of mineralization at necropsy was significantly associated with female dragons (OR 18.2, p =0.0044) and yolk coelomitis or embolism (OR 6.76, p =0.046). Although this study did not identify definitive links between husbandry and the prevalence of mineralization at the institutional level, the survey revealed high variation in husbandry conditions, and potential

The Crossroads of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Physician Burnout: A National Review of United States Trauma and Nontrauma Surgeons

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa N. Jackson ◽  
Jake P. Morgan ◽  
Diane L. Jackson ◽  
Taylor R. Cook ◽  
Kevin McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among trauma surgeons is three times that of the general population, and physician burnout (PBO) among surgeons is rising. Given that PTSD and PBO are both stress-based syndromes, we aim to identify the prevalence and risk factors for PTSD among trauma and nontrauma surgeons, and determine if a relationship exists. A cross-sectional survey of surgeons was conducted between September 2016 and May 2017. Respondents were screened for PTSD and PBO. Traumatic stressors were identified, and 20 potential risk factors were assessed. The respondents (n = 1026) were grouped into trauma (n = 350) and nontrauma (n = 676). Between the cohorts, there was no significant difference in prevalence of screening positive for PTSD (17% vs 15%) or PBO (30% vs 25%). A relationship was found between PTSD and PBO (P < 0.001). The most common traumatic stressor was overwhelming work responsibilities. Potential risk factors for PTSD differed, but overlapping risk factors included hospital culture, hospital support, and salary (P < 0.05). Our findings of an association between PTSD and PBO is concerning. Interventions to reduce rates of PTSD should target changing the existing culture of surgery, improving hospital support, and ensuring equitable pay.

scholarly journals Comparison of managerial competence of Indonesian first-line nurse managers: a two-generational analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Joko Gunawan ◽  
Yupin Aungsuroch ◽  
Mary L Fisher ◽  
Anna M McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Managerial Competence

Background Much research provides evidence that four age groups or generations of nurse managers exist, and it is assumed that they work and act differently according to each generation’s characteristics and attitudes, which may influence their managerial competence. Aims To compare first-line nurse managers’ managerial competence according to generational analysis across public hospitals in Indonesia. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional survey in 18 public hospitals in Indonesia with 254 first-line nurse managers selected using simple random sampling. The Indonesian First-Line Nurse Managers Managerial Competence Scale (IFLNMMCS) was used to measure managerial competence. Data were analysed using descriptive analyses using means, standard deviations and independent t-test. Results There was no significant difference in the total score of managerial competence of Generation X and Millennial first-line nurse managers ( p = 0.077). Of five dimensions of managerial competence, only applying quality care improvement ( p = 0.028) and financial management ( p = 0.013) were significantly different, while leadership ( p = 0.142), facilitating spiritual nursing care ( p = 0.353), self-management ( p = 0.130), staffing and professional development ( p = 0.068) and utilizing informatics ( p = 0.304) were not significantly different. Conclusion This study serves as a foundation for better human resource management, education and professional development for first-line nurse managers among public hospitals in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Low risk for helminth infection in wastewater-fed rice cultivation in Vietnam

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Thuy Trang ◽  
Wim van der Hoek ◽  
Phung Dac Cam ◽  
Khuong Thanh Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Van Hoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
River Water ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Wastewater Use

This study was done to assess the risk of helminth infection in association with wastewater-fed rice cultivation in an agricultural setting of Nam Dinh city, Vietnam. In a cross sectional survey data were collected for 202 households in a commune where wastewater was used for irrigation and for 201 households in a commune that used river water. Parasitological examination was conducted on single stool samples obtained from 1,088 individuals aged ≥15 years from the households. The irrigation water used in both communes was enumerated for helminth eggs and thermotolerant coliforms. The prevalence of infection with Ascaris spp., Trichuris spp., and hookworm was 42.2%, 19.9% and 10.5% respectively, with an overall prevalence of infection with any helminth of 53.4%. Surprisingly, the prevalence of infection with Ascaris and Trichuris was lower among people exposed to wastewater (containing 40–200 helminth eggs/l and 104 thermotolerant coliforms/100 ml) compared to people exposed to river water that contained lower worm egg and bacterial numbers. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices and not using protective measures were important independent risk factors for helminth infection. For hookworm infection, no significant difference was observed between the wastewater exposed and unexposed groups. Children living in the wastewater use area had a significantly better nutritional status than those in the area using river water. This suggests a generally higher welfare level of the wastewater use area. In conclusion, this study showed no evidence that rice cultivation with wastewater poses a risk for helminth infection. More detailed studies are needed on the reduction of fecal indicators and helminth eggs in peri-urban wastewater-irrigated rice culture systems and on the relative importance of wastewater irrigation compared to other risk factors for human helminth infection such as poor sanitation and poverty.

scholarly journals Sero-Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis E Virus among Thalassemia as High Risk Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Jahrom, Southern, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi ◽  
Abbas Ahmadi-vasmehjani ◽  
Hassan Zabetian ◽  
Hossein Hakimelahi ◽  
Alireza Yusefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ig G

<p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) could be cause of viral hepatitis in the developing countries and cause severe epidemics. According to other studies, blood transfusion as a probable route of HEV infection has been suggested. An infection with hepatitis agents such as HEV causes active liver failure in multi-transfusion patients in particular thalassemia. The purpose of this study determines the seropositivity of anti-HEV antibodies in thalassemia individuals in Jahrom. In a cross-sectional study, sera from 110 thalassemia were collected between 2013 and 2014. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was performed to detection of anti-HEV antibodies. Individuals’ data were collected such as, demographic and clinical, for statistical analysis. Our results show that 10% and 1.8% of the enrolled patients were HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive antibodies respectively. In addition, there was statiscally significant difference in age groups for prevalence of anti-HEV Ig-G (P = 0.01). Also the serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT and AST in the HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive samples were significantly higher than anti-HEV negative samples. But there were no significant difference between sex and splenectomy with anti-HEV positive samples. The results indicate more study are needed to assess HEV screening of blood products to these patients that those have a probably risk of exposure to HEV especially in higher years old. </p>

scholarly journals A study on non-communicable diseases, it’s prevalence on anthropometric and behavioural risk factors on tribal population of Raigad district: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Jyoti Ajit Parle ◽  
Manali N. Yadav ◽  
Kishor Raut
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing at an alarming rate due to lifestyle modifications and increased level of stress but the prevalence of it in tribal population is still lacking. Thus, the study aimed at identifying the risk factors for non-communicable diseases among healthy adults aged 16-80 years in the tribal population of Raigad district.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with 920 individuals aged 16-80 years of tribal population. Each subject was interviewed using the WHO stepwise questionnaire; where information on diet, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol, and treatment history for hypertension and diabetes were collected along with blood pressure (BP) measurement. Height, weight and waist circumference were also measured.Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Moderate prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco was observed in the tribal areas targeted with the number of smokers being more than the users of smokeless tobacco. Consumption of alcohol was seen in half of the population in the age group of 16-50 years. Low consumption of fruits and vegetables was seen across all the age groups. Most of the target population falls under the normal BMI category while a fewer population falls under the overweight category.Conclusions: High prevalence of behavioural risk factors were found with awareness about NCD’s was found to be alarmingly low among the tribal population. Prevention of NCD’s through detection of risk factor can control the spread of non-communicable diseases, and will help in identifying earlier with its detection and treatment same as communicable diseases.

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