scholarly journals What are important consequences in children with non-specific spinal pain? A qualitative study of Danish children aged 9–12 years

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037315
Author(s):  
Henrik Hein Lauridsen ◽  
Anna Bjellekjær Stolpe ◽  
Cornelius Myburgh ◽  
Lise Hestbæk
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Pain Anxiety

ObjectivesIt is currently unknown whether children, adolescents and adults experiencing non-specific spinal pain are affected by their pain in a similar manner. It is also unclear whether questionnaires developed for adults can simply be transferred to paediatric populations. The objective of this study was to explore the physical, psychological and social consequences of a life with non-specific spinal pain among Danish children and to compare these consequences with the content of common adult questionnaires.Design and settingA qualitative study based on individual interviews and focus group discussions with participants recruited from two public schools in Denmark.ParticipantsThirty-six children aged 9–12 years with spinal pain were invited to an interview using a purposive sampling strategy with age, pain intensity and frequency, and general well-being status as inclusion criteria. Nineteen (9 girls, 10 boys) accepted to participate.MethodsData were transcribed verbatim and coded by following a thematic approach to elicit key concepts relevant to spinal pain. Subsequently, focus group interviews were conducted, and all codes were assigned categories corresponding to the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) for comparison to adult questionnaires.ResultsNineteen interviews were included, and 21 individual codes identified. Across the codes, five themes emerged in relation to children’s experiences of living with spinal pain: ‘Sports and play’, ‘Axial loading’, ‘Coping strategies’, ‘Mood changes’ and ‘Pain anxiety’. Codes and themes were elaborated on by the focus groups. Only approximately 40% of the identified ICF categories were covered by adult spinal questionnaires.ConclusionsThe negative impact of non-specific spinal pain on children aged 9–12 years pivots around codes which are considerably different to adults. Psychological and social factors were more prominent and pain anxiety was dominant in the lived lives of children. New questionnaires should be age specific and include the identified codes within each theme.

Variability in Interpreting “Educational Performance” for Children With Speech Sound Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Farquharson ◽  
Lisa Boldini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
State And Local

Purpose Speech sound disorders (SSDs) can have a negative impact on literacy development, social–emotional well-being, and participation across the life span. Despite this, many public schools do not provide appropriate or timely services to this population of children. In large part, this is a result of variation in how state and local agencies interpret “educational performance” as outlined within the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. The purpose of this study was to explore which educational performance factors speech-language pathologists (SLPs) consider when determining eligibility for children with SSDs. Method This study surveyed public school SLPs to investigate how educational performance is interpreted for children with SSDs. Data from 575 SLPs across the United States are included. Results Results supported variability in interpretation of educational performance within a nationwide sample of SLPs. Specifically, SLPs appear to consider educational performance as multidimensional. We also found within-state and between-states variability, indicating ambiguity in interpreting federal mandates. Finally, caseload size and number of years of experience were significantly related to which educational performance factors SLPs chose. Conclusion There is significant variability across the United States with respect to factors considered part of educational performance for children with SSD. This variability reflects the general quality and specificity of guidelines and/or special education code published by individual states. Clinical and legislative recommendations are included.

scholarly journals Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Yen-Hao Chu ◽  
Prima Alam ◽  
Heidi J Larson ◽  
Leesa Lin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Individual Country

Abstract Four billion people worldwide have experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement. Such unprecedented extent of mobility restriction to curb the COVID-19 pandemic may have profound impacts on how individuals live, travel and retain well-being. This systematic review aims to identify (i) the social consequences of mass quarantine—community-wide movement restrictions—during previous and current infectious disease outbreaks and (ii) recommended strategies to mitigate the negative social implications of COVID-19 lockdowns. Considering social determinants of health, we conducted a systematic review by searching five databases (Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the World Health Organization COVID-19 database) for publications from inception to 9 April 2020. No limitation was set on language, location or study type. Studies that (i) contained peer-reviewed original empirical evidence and (ii) focussed on non-epidemiological implications of mass quarantine were included. We thematically synthesized and reported data due to heterogeneous disease and country context. Of 3067 publications found, 15 original peer-reviewed articles were selected for full-text extraction. Psychological distress, heightened communication inequalities, food insecurity, economic challenges, diminished access to health care, alternative delivery of education and gender-based violence were identified as negative social consequences of community-based quarantine in six infectious disease epidemics, including the current COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, altruistic attitudes were identified as a positive consequence during previous quarantines. Diverse psychological and social consequences of mass quarantine in previous and current epidemics were evident, but individual country policies had been highly varied in how well they addressed the needs of affected individuals, especially those who are socially marginalized. Policymakers should balance the pros and cons of movement restrictions, facilitate multisectoral action to tackle social inequalities, provide clear and coherent guidance to the public and undertake time-bound policy evaluations to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and to establish preparedness strategies for future epidemics.

scholarly journals Implementation of patient-centred care: which organisational determinants matter from decision maker’s perspective? Results from a qualitative interview study across various health and social care organisations

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Isabel Hower ◽  
Vera Vennedey ◽  
Hendrik Ansgar Hillen ◽  
Ludwig Kuntz ◽  
Stephanie Stock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Patient Centred Care ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Health And Social Care

ObjectivesHealth and social care systems, organisations and providers are under pressure to organise care around patients’ needs with constrained resources. To implement patient-centred care (PCC) successfully, barriers must be addressed. Up to now, there has been a lack of comprehensive investigations on possible determinants of PCC across various health and social care organisations (HSCOs). Our qualitative study examines determinants of PCC implementation from decision makers’ perspectives across diverse HSCOs.DesignQualitative study of n=24 participants in n=20 semistructured face-to-face interviews conducted from August 2017 to May 2018.Setting and participantsDecision makers were recruited from multiple HSCOs in the region of the city of Cologne, Germany, based on a maximum variation sampling strategy varying by HSCOs types.OutcomesThe qualitative interviews were analysed using an inductive and deductive approach according to qualitative content analysis. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to conceptualise determinants of PCC.ResultsDecision makers identified similar determinants facilitating or obstructing the implementation of PCC in their organisational contexts. Several determinants at the HSCO’s inner setting and the individual level (eg, communication among staff and well-being of employees) were identified as crucial to overcome constrained financial, human and material resources in order to deliver PCC.ConclusionsThe results can help to foster the implementation of PCC in various HSCOs contexts. We identified possible starting points for initiating the tailoring of interventions and implementation strategies and the redesign of HSCOs towards more patient-centredness.

Family accommodation in pediatric body dysmorphic disorder: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Amita D. Jassi ◽  
Aysha Baloch ◽  
Kike Thomas-Smith ◽  
Angela Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Family Accommodation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family

Family accommodation (FA) is significant in a range of disorders, yet it has never been explored in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Interviews were conducted with five young people with BDD, five parents, and five clinicians to explore the types, impact, and purpose of FA in BDD. Every participant reported significant FA of BDD, and the types reported were broadly similar to those found in other disorders. Reassurance giving/seeking and engagement in rituals were the two most common forms of FA reported with funding products being the third. Unsurprisingly, the driver for FA was to reduce the young person's distress and risk. Every participant commented on the negative impact FA had, including the financial burden, social implications, emotional well-being of family members, relationships, and conflict within the family, yet all young people also thought there were positive aspects to FA. Findings are discussed in the context of the limitations of this study.

Impact of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Mexican Schoolchildren

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Villanueva Gutiérrez ◽  
Cecilia Carlota Barrera Ortega ◽  
Nora Pérez Pérez ◽  
Alvaro García Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in the OHRQoL in a group of 8 to 10 year-old Mexican schoolchildren. Study design: A cross-sectional study of 411 8 to 10 year-old schoolchildren selected from public schools in Naucalpan, in the State of Mexico. The presence and severity of MIH was evaluated using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The OHRQoL was evaluated using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Poisson regression models were performed for the analysis. Results: The prevalence of MIH in the permanent dentition was 40.4%. High scores were found in the four domains of the CPQ for children with MIH compared to children without MIH (p<0.001). In the Poisson model, a greater negative impact in the four CPQ domains was found for schoolchildren with MIH: oral symptoms [RR=1.75 (CI95% 1.63–1.78)]; functional limitations [RR=2.17 (CI95% 2.01–2.35)]; emotional wellbeing [RR=1.94 (CI95% 1.80–2.08)]; and, social well-being [RR=2.62 (CI95% 2.49–2.77)]. A greater impact on the four CPQ domains were found for children with moderate/severe MIH compared to children without MIH (p<0.001). Conclusion: Children with moderate/severe MIH experienced a greater negative impact on their OHRQoL compared to children without MIH.

scholarly journals Identification of processes that mediate the impact of workplace violence on emergency department healthcare workers in the USA: results from a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e031781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C Vrablik ◽  
Anne K Chipman ◽  
Elizabeth D Rosenman ◽  
Nancy J Simcox ◽  
Ly Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesViolence towards emergency department healthcare workers is pervasive and directly linked to provider wellness, productivity and job satisfaction. This qualitative study aimed to identify the cognitive and behavioural processes impacted by workplace violence to further understand why workplace violence has a variable impact on individual healthcare workers.DesignQualitative interview study using a phenomenological approach to initial content analysis and secondary thematic analysis.SettingThree different emergency departments.ParticipantsWe recruited 23 emergency department healthcare workers who experienced a workplace violence event to participate in an interview conducted within 24 hours of the event. Participants included nurses (n=9; 39%), medical assistants (n=5; 22%), security guards (n=5; 22%), attending physicians (n=2; 9%), advanced practitioners (n=1; 4%) and social workers (n=1; 4%).ResultsFive themes emerged from the data. The first two supported existing reports that workplace violence in healthcare is pervasive and contributes to burn-out in healthcare. Three novel themes emerged from the data related to the objectives of this study: (1) variability in primary cognitive appraisals of workplace violence, (2) variability in secondary cognitive appraisals of workplace violence and (3) reported use of both avoidant and approach coping mechanisms.ConclusionHealthcare workers identified workplace violence as pervasive. Variability in reported cognitive appraisal and coping strategies may partially explain why workplace violence negatively impacts some healthcare workers more than others. These cognitive and behavioural processes could serve as targets for decreasing the negative effect of workplace violence, thereby improving healthcare worker well-being. Further research is needed to develop interventions that mitigate the negative impact of workplace violence.

scholarly journals The indirect effect of a focus group for psoriatic patients on their caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Demma ◽  
Caterina Suitner ◽  
Emilia Ferruzza ◽  
Chiara Nicolini ◽  
Massimo Donini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease involving not only epidermic damages but also psychological distress for patients and their family caregivers. Little is known about the effects of a psychological support for psoriatic patients on their caregivers’ well-being. The goal of the present study was to investigate the indirect effects of the participation in a dynamic focus group reserved for psoriatic patients on their caregivers in terms of quality of life. The study involved 52 psoriatic patients and 41 family caregivers. Patients’ wellbeing was assessed using the dermatology quality of life index, hospital anxiety and depression scale. The impact of the disease on caregivers was assessed using the family dermatology life quality index (FDLQI). Data were analyzed with linear mixed models. The caregivers of psoriatic patients involved in the psychodynamic focus group reported levels of FDLQI that decreased over time, therefore showing an improvement in their quality of life in relation to the pathology of their relatives; the caregivers of patients who did not participate in the psychodynamic focus group, instead, had levels of FDLQI that were stable over time. The results provide preliminary evidence that the group setting of the Psychodynamic Focus Group may alleviate the negative impact of psychosomatic disease on the caregivers.

scholarly journals Through the Lens of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Young Women Living With CKD

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205435812094547
Author(s):  
Heather Beanlands ◽  
Elizabeth McCay ◽  
Sheryll Pahati ◽  
Michelle A. Hladunewich
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

Background: Young women may be particularly vulnerable to the negative psychosocial consequences of living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, little is known about how women themselves experience and manage their illness. Objectives: This study explored the experiences of young women living with CKD. Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Setting: Nephrology program in an urban setting in Ontario, Canada. Participants: Women with category G1-3 glomerular-based CKD between 18 and 40 years of age. Methods: Focus group discussions guided by semi-structured interview questions. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts. Results: Eleven women participated in 3 separate focus group discussions. Participants described living life through the lens of CKD, which was the central theme unifying their experiences of encountering CKD, re-encountering CKD, and getting on with life. Life decisions significant to women like pursuing a career or motherhood were often colored by CKD, particularly by illness-related challenges, such as unsatisfactory health care support and the physical implications of chronic illness. The women used a variety of strategies including seeking information and relying on supportive people to mitigate these challenges. Although these strategies sometimes enabled them to balance the demands of illness with other life priorities, the lack of resources directed toward their unique needs as young women with CKD often caused them difficulties in managing their illness. Limitations: Participants were from one nephrology program in an urban setting and were well educated overall. Their experiences may not be reflective of young women in other settings or from diverse backgrounds. Conclusions: The women’s emotional well-being and life choices were considerably influenced by CKD. Although the women were often able to manage challenges associated with CKD, they acknowledged the need to seek additional professional resources to complement their own self-identified strategies. As the women sought out these supports, they identified gaps in resources specific to women with CKD. This article summarizes recommendations from their perspective. Trial Registration: Not applicable as this was a qualitative study.

Unemployment in Russia: analysis of the problem, social consequences and ways to overcome it

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
С.Е. Карпушова ◽  
Т.В. Секачева ◽  
Е.В. Землянская
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Labor Potential

Проблема безработицы, за последнее время, в период пандемии, не только не утратила своей актуальности, но и трансформировалась в одну из актуальных экономических проблем. Анализ безработицы необходим для выстраивания политики преодоления и предотвращения, вызванных неэффективным использованием трудовых ресурсов, социально-экономических проблем, разработки способов и мер борьбы с безработицей. Невостребованность трудового потенциала повышает интерес населения к неформальной экономике и теневому бизнесу. Это негативно сказывается на общем благосостоянии страны, её экономическом росте и развитии. В работе рассматривается проблематика безработицы и её влияние на качественную сторону экономики - экономическое развитие, и количественную - экономический рост. В процессе работы анализируются данные по безработице, выявляются ее причины. В рамках проведённого опроса молодёжи по вопросам занятости, заинтересованности в работе, отношению к безработице определены пути и способы снижения безработицы, разработана модель эффективного использования трудовых ресурсов для достижения экономического роста. The problem of unemployment, recently, during the pandemic, not only did not lose its relevance, but also transformed into one of the most pressing economic problems. The analysis of unemployment is necessary for building a policy of overcoming and preventing socio-economic problems caused by the inefficient use of labor resources, and developing methods and measures to combat unemployment. The lack of demand for labor potential increases the interest of the population in the informal economy and shadow business. This has a negative impact on the overall well-being of the country, its economic growth and development. The paper considers the problems of unemployment and its impact on the qualitative side of the economy - economic development, and the quantitative side - economic growth. In the process of work, data on unemployment is analyzed, its causes are identified. Within the framework of the conducted survey of young people on employment, interest in work, and attitude to unemployment, ways and means of reducing unemployment were identified, and a model of effective use of labor resources to achieve economic growth was developed.

scholarly journals Sex 'n' drugs 'n' rock 'n' roll: the meaning and social consequences of pubertal timing

2004 ◽  
Vol 151 (Suppl_3) ◽  
pp. U151-U159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Waylen ◽  
D Wolke
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Impact

This is a brief review of the normal changes in adolescent behaviour and the interplay between biology and social factors that occur at and around puberty, in an attempt to explain when this transition may become problematic The onset of puberty is a biological marker for an individual's transition from a non-reproductive to a reproductive state. Adolescence is a normal developmental transition associated with clearly visible physical changes, reorganization and pruning of neuronal circuits in the brain and the occurrence of new behaviours and interests. It is a time when new life tasks (orientation towards peers of the other sex, romantic and sexual involvement and mastering an educational career) need to be mastered. Parent-child conflict increases and becomes more intense as the adolescent struggles for more independence while still requiring support. These normal changes can become problematic if biological and social expectations diverge e.g. entering puberty very early or very late. While early pubertal onset in boys is likely to have beneficial effects, in girls precocious pubertal timing may have a negative impact on body-image, affect (or emotional well-being) and sex-role expectations. Other individual biological predispositions and genetic endowment may interact with social factors (e.g. peers, parenting style, neighbourhood) making adolescence either an adaptive or a challenging transition. There is a lack of sufficiently large longitudinal studies that have been able to study this interaction between genetics, biology and social environment on adolescent development. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of pubertal timing on social behaviour. Planned assessments and concepts are outlined.

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