scholarly journals Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Yen-Hao Chu ◽  
Prima Alam ◽  
Heidi J Larson ◽  
Leesa Lin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Individual Country

Abstract Four billion people worldwide have experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement. Such unprecedented extent of mobility restriction to curb the COVID-19 pandemic may have profound impacts on how individuals live, travel and retain well-being. This systematic review aims to identify (i) the social consequences of mass quarantine—community-wide movement restrictions—during previous and current infectious disease outbreaks and (ii) recommended strategies to mitigate the negative social implications of COVID-19 lockdowns. Considering social determinants of health, we conducted a systematic review by searching five databases (Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the World Health Organization COVID-19 database) for publications from inception to 9 April 2020. No limitation was set on language, location or study type. Studies that (i) contained peer-reviewed original empirical evidence and (ii) focussed on non-epidemiological implications of mass quarantine were included. We thematically synthesized and reported data due to heterogeneous disease and country context. Of 3067 publications found, 15 original peer-reviewed articles were selected for full-text extraction. Psychological distress, heightened communication inequalities, food insecurity, economic challenges, diminished access to health care, alternative delivery of education and gender-based violence were identified as negative social consequences of community-based quarantine in six infectious disease epidemics, including the current COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, altruistic attitudes were identified as a positive consequence during previous quarantines. Diverse psychological and social consequences of mass quarantine in previous and current epidemics were evident, but individual country policies had been highly varied in how well they addressed the needs of affected individuals, especially those who are socially marginalized. Policymakers should balance the pros and cons of movement restrictions, facilitate multisectoral action to tackle social inequalities, provide clear and coherent guidance to the public and undertake time-bound policy evaluations to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and to establish preparedness strategies for future epidemics.

scholarly journals Interventions to Ameliorate the Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2361
Author(s):  
Katharina Boldt ◽  
Michaela Coenen ◽  
Ani Movsisyan ◽  
Stephan Voss ◽  
Eva Rehfuess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Study Protocols

The aim of this study was to identify interventions targeting children and their caregivers to reduce psychosocial problems in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and comparable outbreaks. The review was performed using systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and COVID-19-specific databases, including the CDC COVID-19 Research Database, the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Database on COVID-19 Research and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) up to 25th September 2020. The search yielded 6657 unique citations. After title/abstract and full text screening, 11 study protocols reporting on trials planned in China, the US, Canada, the UK, and Hungary during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Four interventions targeted children ≥10 years directly, seven system-based interventions targeted the parents and caregivers of younger children and adolescents. Outcome measures encompassed mainly anxiety and depressive symptoms, different dimensions of stress or psychosocial well-being, and quality of supportive relationships. In conclusion, this systematic review revealed a paucity of studies on psychosocial interventions for children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should be encouraged in light of the expected demand for child mental health management.

scholarly journals Sexual health and COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and health disparities across various populations, none has focused on sexual health. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of sexual health in the COVID-19 era. Methods A scoping review focusing on sexual health and COVID-19 will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Gender Studies Database, Gender Watch, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, governmental websites, and clinical trials registries (e.g., ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry). Study selection will conform to the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., content and thematic analysis) methods. Discussion Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 on sexual health. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap. Systematic review registrations Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework osf/io/PRX8E

scholarly journals How Much Is One Life Worth? The Right to Equity Healthcare for Improving Older Patients’ Health Infected by COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6848
Author(s):  
Guiomar Merodio ◽  
Mimar Ramis-Salas ◽  
Diana Valero ◽  
Adriana Aubert
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Old Patients

Ageism has a tremendous negative impact on elderly persons and society. Discrimination against the elderly is a driver of health and social inequalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new social and health challenges regarding resource scarcity and shortfalls. Under these difficult circumstances, discourses excluding, and discrimination against, older people have aroused. This article gathers evidence on hospital healthcare experiences of older people infected by COVID-19 during the pandemic outbreak in Spain and it analyzes elements that have positively influenced older patients’ perceived health and well-being. We conducted nine qualitative in-depth interviews in Madrid—one of the regions of Spain most affected by COVID-19—with older people that were hospitalized and recovered from COVID-19, family members of old patients infected with COVID-19, and nurses that attended infected older patients. Findings show the challenging experiences faced by older people who were hospitalized due to COVID-19, on the one hand, and the relevance of transformative aspects related to family relationships, solidarity actions, and humanized care that overcame age discrimination, favoring social and equity healthcare for the elderly on the other hand.

Psychiatric morbidity in December 2015 flood-affected population in Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja Bandla ◽  
NR Nappinnai ◽  
Srinivasagopalan Gopalasamy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Floods are the most common type of natural disaster, which have a negative impact on mental health. Following floods, survivors are vulnerable to develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Aim: The aim is to study the psychiatric morbidity in the persons affected by floods during December 2015. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Chennai and Cuddalore. In total, 223 persons who were directly exposed to floods were assessed. PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Scale (WHO-5) were used in the study. Chi-square test was used to compare the means. Results: Overall, psychiatric morbidity was found to be 45.29%; 60 (26.9%) persons had symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was found in 48 (27.4%) and depression was found in 101 (45.29%) persons; and 11 (4.9%) persons have reported an increase in substance abuse. Conclusion: Following disaster like floods, there is a need for better preparedness in terms of basic necessities and medical and psychological assistance, particularly emphasizing the needs of older persons in order to prevent the development of psychiatric problems.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Potential Implication of Salivary Secretions in Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Salem Mohammed Hassan Alharthi ◽  
Laila Mohammed Alanazi ◽  
Dalal Jumah Alturaif ◽  
Wesam Yousef Othman Alibrahim ◽  
Waleed Yahya Binammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

As reported on 23rd May 2021, there are a total of 167,313,629 confirmed cases of Covid-19 all across the world with a mortality of about 3,473,851 whereas in Saudi Arabia 439,847 were registered cases of covid-19 and 7,237 deaths. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) a total of 12,244,264 people were vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccination. Covid-19 is a respiratory infectious disease. More recent researches on SARS-COV-2 suggests the entry of the virus into the host cell using the host entry factors like TMPRSS-2, TMPRSS-4 and ACE-2 in the oral tissues. The spike proteins of the SARS COV-2 attaches to the ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 of the salivary gland. Saliva provides the lubrication of the oral cavity, initiation of digestion and provides immunity in host. A complete research of all the articles was done using databases like: SCOPUS, PUBMED, EMBASE and WEB OF SCIENCE. In case of SARS CoV-2, the salivary glands act as reservoir for the virus. Intake of these viruses present in infectious saliva droplets found in the air would lead to the transmission of infection to an individual. Saliva is more efficient when compared to the blood as it doesn't clot. A reduced secretion of saliva is observed in patients post the covid 19 disease.

Use and effectiveness of mHealth technologies in tracking the spread of infectious disease outbreaks and their implications for the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Milne-Ives ◽  
Simon Rowland ◽  
Alison McGregor ◽  
J Edward Fitzgerald ◽  
Edward Meinert
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

BACKGROUND The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines mHealth as medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices. A number of mHealth devices, primarily apps designed to support contact tracing, have been utilised as part of the public health response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The value of mHealth devices in augmenting public health practice is however yet to be defined. OBJECTIVE The study aims to address three research questions: (1) What digital technologies are being used to track the symptoms and spread of infectious disease outbreaks and what strategies do they use to do so? (2) How effective and cost-effective are digital technologies at tracking the spread of infectious disease outbreaks and what are their strengths and limitations? (3) What are the user perspectives on the usability and effectiveness of these technologies? METHODS The PICOS template and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) will be followed for this systematic review. The review will be composed of a literature search, article selection, data extraction, quality appraisal, data analysis, and a discussion of the implications of the data for the current COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS N/A CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will summarise the available evidence for use of mHealth devices for tracking the spread of infectious disease outbreaks. These results are potentially valuable for informing public health policy during infectious disease outbreaks such as the current Covid-19 pandemic.

The Effect of Cyberspace-based Education on the Well-Being of Caregivers of Elderly People with Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽  
Parisa Mollaei ◽  
Parisa Taheri-Tanjani
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: One of the consequences of aging is the prevalence of chronic and age-related diseases, such as dementia. Caring for patients with dementia has a negative impact on the caregiver's well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of cyberspace-based education on the well-being of caregivers of demented elderly people. Methods: This experimental study was done on a sample of 86 caregivers of elderly with dementia in 2018. The study sample was selected from memory clinic of Taleghani Hospital and randomly assigned into groups (intervention n = 43, control n = 43 groups). The well-being was measured using the World Health Organization - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), before and two months after the intervention. Cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for one month. The SPSS software version 23 was employed in data analysis. Results: The mean age of the caregivers in the intervention and control groups were (M = 51.95, SD = 10.90) and (M = 51.36, SD = 15.12) respectively. No significant difference was found between two groups in terms of age, gender and level of education. The results of analysis showed that while the well-being of the intervention group was significantly increased (t (38) = -11.38, P<0.001) the well-being in the control group was significantly reduced ( t(36) =4.71 , P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings showed that cyberspace-based education can improve the well-being of caregivers of the elderly with dementia.

scholarly journals Effect of Long Working Hours on Depression and Mental Well-Being among Employees in Shanghai: The Role of Having Leisure Hobbies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4980
Author(s):  
Zan Li ◽  
Junming Dai ◽  
Ning Wu ◽  
Yingnan Jia ◽  
Junling Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being

Our aim is to examine the associations between long working hours and depression and mental well-being among the working population in Shanghai, as well as to identify the impact of having hobbies on these relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, with depression assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and mental well-being assessed by the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. The phenomenon of long working hours (69.3%) was quite common among employees in Shanghai, and the rate of working over 60 h was 19.3%. Those who worked over 60 h had the highest prevalence of poorer mental health compared with individuals working ≤40 h per week. After adjustment in the logistic regression model, those who reported weekly working time over 60 h were 1.40 (95%CI: 1.03–1.90) and 1.66 (95%CI: 1.26–2.18) times more likely to have depression and poor mental well-being (PMWB), respectively. Adjusted ORs for having hobbies were 0.78 (95%CI: 0.62–0.97) and 0.62 (95%CI: 0.51–0.75), respectively. Meanwhile, having hobbies could significantly lower the mean score on the PHQ-9 and elevate the mean score on the WHO-5 in each working time group, with no interaction effect. Long working hours could have a significantly negative impact on workers’ psychological health. Importantly, having hobbies in their daily lives might help to mitigate the adverse effects of long working hours on workers’ depression and mental well-being.

scholarly journals What are important consequences in children with non-specific spinal pain? A qualitative study of Danish children aged 9–12 years

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037315
Author(s):  
Henrik Hein Lauridsen ◽  
Anna Bjellekjær Stolpe ◽  
Cornelius Myburgh ◽  
Lise Hestbæk
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Pain Anxiety

ObjectivesIt is currently unknown whether children, adolescents and adults experiencing non-specific spinal pain are affected by their pain in a similar manner. It is also unclear whether questionnaires developed for adults can simply be transferred to paediatric populations. The objective of this study was to explore the physical, psychological and social consequences of a life with non-specific spinal pain among Danish children and to compare these consequences with the content of common adult questionnaires.Design and settingA qualitative study based on individual interviews and focus group discussions with participants recruited from two public schools in Denmark.ParticipantsThirty-six children aged 9–12 years with spinal pain were invited to an interview using a purposive sampling strategy with age, pain intensity and frequency, and general well-being status as inclusion criteria. Nineteen (9 girls, 10 boys) accepted to participate.MethodsData were transcribed verbatim and coded by following a thematic approach to elicit key concepts relevant to spinal pain. Subsequently, focus group interviews were conducted, and all codes were assigned categories corresponding to the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) for comparison to adult questionnaires.ResultsNineteen interviews were included, and 21 individual codes identified. Across the codes, five themes emerged in relation to children’s experiences of living with spinal pain: ‘Sports and play’, ‘Axial loading’, ‘Coping strategies’, ‘Mood changes’ and ‘Pain anxiety’. Codes and themes were elaborated on by the focus groups. Only approximately 40% of the identified ICF categories were covered by adult spinal questionnaires.ConclusionsThe negative impact of non-specific spinal pain on children aged 9–12 years pivots around codes which are considerably different to adults. Psychological and social factors were more prominent and pain anxiety was dominant in the lived lives of children. New questionnaires should be age specific and include the identified codes within each theme.

scholarly journals Is water carriage associated with the water carrier’s health? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e000764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne Lee Geere ◽  
Moa Cortobius ◽  
Jonathan Harold Geere ◽  
Charlotte Christiane Hammer ◽  
Paul R Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionThe work of carrying water falls mainly on women and children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and rural areas. While concerns have been raised, how water carriage is associated with health of the water carrier is not clear. The aim of this review is to summarise evidence on whether, and how, water carriage is associated with the water carrier’s health.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted, searching Embase; Medline; Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index; Web of Science Arts and Humanities Citation Index; International Initiative for Impact Evaluation website; WHO Virtual Health Sciences Library and WHO African index medicus, from inception to 8 November 2017.ResultsForty-two studies were included. Their ability to demonstrate cause and effect relationships was limited by study design and fair or poor methodological quality. Overall, the studies suggest that water carriage is associated with negative aspects of the water carriers’ health. There is moderate quantitative and strong qualitative evidence that water carriage is associated with pain, fatigue, perinatal health problems and violence against vulnerable people, and inconclusive evidence of an association with stress or self-reported mental health and general health status.ConclusionIn many circumstances, water carriage is a potential barrier to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 target ‘universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all’ and SDG 3 ‘ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages’. Efforts should focus on providing water on premises, and where this is not possible, providing water close to home and reducing risk of gender-based violence.

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