Assessing the impact of screening, early identification and intervention programmes for chronic kidney disease: protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major threat to public health, especially in low-income and lower middle-income countries, where resources for treating patients with advanced CKD are scarce. Although early CKD identification and intervention hold promise for reducing the burden of CKD and risk factors, it remains unclear if an uniform strategy can be applicable across all income groups. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesise available evidence on early CKD identification programmes in all world regions and income groups. The study will also identify efforts that have been made to use interventions and implementation of early identification programmes for CKD across countries and income groups.Methods and analysisThis review will be guided by the methodological framework for conducting scoping studies developed by Arksey and O’Malley. Empirical (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science and PsycINFO) and grey literature references will be searched to identify studies on CKD screening, early identification and interventions across all populations. Two reviewers will independently screen references in consecutive stages of title/abstract screening and then full-text screening. We will use a general descriptive overview, tabular summaries and content analysis on extracted data.Ethics and disseminationThe findings from our planned scoping review will enable us to identify items in early identification programmes that can be used in developing screening toolkits for CKD. We will disseminate our findings using traditional approaches that include open-access peer-reviewed publication, scientific presentations and a white paper (call to action) report. Ethical approval will not be required for this scoping review as the data will be extracted from already published studies.

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Scoping review protocol: bladder cancer in Nigeria: what are the gaps in clinical care and research?

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041894 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e041894

Author(s):

Joyce Kibaru ◽

Pinky Kotecha ◽

Abdulkarim Muhammad Iya ◽

Beth Russell ◽

Muzzammil Abdullahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Case Series ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Future Research ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Local Risk

IntroductionBladder cancer (BC) is the 10th common cancer worldwide and ranks seventh in Nigeria. This scoping review aims to identify the gaps in clinical care and research of BC in Nigeria as part of the development of a larger national research programme aiming to improve outcomes and care of BC.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley scoping review methodology framework. The following electronic databases will be searched: Medline (using the PubMed interface), Ovid Gateway (Embase and Ovid), Cochrane library and Open Grey literature. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and subsequently screen full-text studies for inclusion, any lack of consensus will be discussed with a third reviewer. Any study providing insight into the epidemiology or treatment pathway of BC (RCTs, observations, case series, policy paper) will be included. A data chart will be used to extract relevant data from the included studies. Results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. A consultation process will be carried out with a multidisciplinary team of Nigerian healthcare professionals, patients and scientists.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. By highlighting the key gaps in the literature, this review can provide direction for future research and clinical guidelines in Nigeria (and other low-income and middle-income countries), where BC is more prevalent due to local risk factors and healthcare settings.

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Inclusion of diabetic retinopathy screening strategies in national-level diabetes care planning in low-income and middle-income settings: protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e038647

Author(s):

Katie Curran ◽

Prabhath Piyasena ◽

Nathan Congdon ◽

Lisa Duke ◽

Belma Malanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Grey Literature ◽

National Level ◽

Service Planning ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Middle Income

IntroductionThe diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic is a major public health concern globally, with the highest-burden in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, and if left untreated can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of sight-threatening DR is decreasing in high-income countries due to improved treatments and management of DM; however, these trends are not replicated in LMICs. In this paper, we outline a scoping review protocol that aims to identify which LMICs have included DR in their national DM, non-communicable disease or prevention of blindness plans. The scoping review also aims to assess gaps when implementing national DR screening programmes in LMICs.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review guidelines. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature will be conducted from October 1989 (St. Vincent Declaration) to February 2020. Studies will be identified from electronic databases; Medline, Embase and CENTRAL (Cochrane Library). To identify further relevant articles, a hand search will be conducted using the reference lists of included studies. Two reviewers will independently screen records for relevant data and disagreements about eligibility will be resolved through consensus or arbitration by a third reviewer. A quantitative analysis will be performed to highlight key findings and thematic analysis will be used to identify emerging themes and subthemes from included studies. The key themes will highlight countries progress in terms of national-level DR service planning and screening implementation.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required because the scoping review methodology aims to synthesise information from publicly available resources. The results will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publication.

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Perioperative management for people with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis undergoing major surgery: a protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e038725

Author(s):

Tyrone G Harrison ◽

Brenda R Hemmelgarn ◽

Janine F Farragher ◽

Connor O'Rielly ◽

Maoliosa Donald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Perioperative Management ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Major Surgery ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Scoping Reviews

IntroductionPeople with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis (CKD G5D) have an increased risk of poor postoperative outcomes and a high incidence of major surgery. Despite the high burden of these combined risks, there is a paucity of evidence to support tailored perioperative strategies to manage this population. A comprehensive evidence synthesis would inform the management of these patients in the perioperative period and identify knowledge gaps. We describe a protocol for a scoping review of the literature to identify existing perioperative strategies, protocols, pathways and interventions for people with CKD G5D undergoing major surgery.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and report per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. In February 2020, we will complete our search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry for published literature from inception to present. All study types are eligible for inclusion, without language restriction. Studies reporting a perioperative intervention in adult patients with CKD G5D are eligible for inclusion. Studies in prevalent kidney transplant patients or patients with acute kidney injury, and studies that report on surgical approaches without consideration of perioperative management strategies, will be excluded. Reviewers will independently assess abstracts for all identified studies in duplicate, and again at the full-text stage. Following published literature searches, a search of the grey literature will be developed. We will extract and narratively report study, participant and intervention details. This will include a summary table outlining the strategies employed, organised into post hoc developed perioperative domains.Ethics and disseminationEthical considerations do not apply to this scoping review. Findings will be disseminated through relevant conference presentations and publications.

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Menstrual experience of adolescents in the USA: protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e040511

Author(s):

Ronke Olowojesiku ◽

Deborah J Shim ◽

Bryanna Moppins ◽

Daye Park ◽

Jasmine O Patterson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Research Team ◽

Grey Literature ◽

The Body ◽

Primary Study ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

The Usa ◽

The Impact

IntroductionIn recent years, there has been a growing desire to address issues related to menstruation, particularly for adolescent girls. In low-income and middle-income countries, prior literature review of the adolescent menstrual experience suggests the need for further research into the impact and efficacy of interventions with this population. There is evidence to suggest the need for initiatives and research in higher-income countries like the USA. To date, the body of research on adolescent menstrual experience in the USA remains uncharacterised. Therefore, we propose a scoping review of the literature on this subject to better inform on areas for future primary study.Methods and analysesUsing the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and expounded on by Levac et al and the Joanna Briggs Institute, we will search electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest Public Health Database, Social Science Citation Index, Social Services Abstracts and SocINDEX) and grey literature for relevant studies in consultation with experienced librarians. The abstracts and full-text from each reference will be screened by two independent reviewers for inclusion. Bibliographic data, study characteristics and themes will be extracted from studies selected for inclusion using a rubric created by the research team. Findings will be summarised and a list of subject areas for future primary research will be generated in consultation with stakeholders. The review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items from Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics training for this study is not required, as the research team will review publicly available studies. Stakeholders working in adolescent and menstrual health were consulted in designing this review. We will share key findings with stakeholders and in scholarly journals at the conclusion of the review.

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Efficacy and Safety of ACEIs/ARBs in Patients with COVID-19 Combined with Chronic Kidney Disease: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-924058/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Xie ◽

Xueying Li ◽

Nan Mao ◽

Sichong Ren ◽

junming Fan

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Control Measure ◽

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Biomedical Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Despite the control measure taken against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) at global level, the pandemic has started to rebound and transmitted rapidly worldwide due to the delta strain. This strain is more virulent than the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. The approved vaccines or drugs can reduce mortality; still various efforts are being made to seek a complete cure. Currently, it remains controversial whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) are useful in managing COVID-19 patients having comorbidities like chronic kidney disease(CKD). Evidence concerning the application of ACEIs/ARBs needs to be established through advanced meta-analyses and systematic reviews.Methods/design:This study is designed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The studies published from December 1, 2019, to August 31, 2021 will be considered. The primary databases such as Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be included, and meeting records and grey literature databases will be retrieved to compare at least two terminations or discontinued ACEIs or ARBs in clinical intervention studies. The primary results will include kidney function biomarkers, blood pressure, and long-term mortality or hospital admission severity. Pairwise random effects and meta-analyses will be performed for the selected literature using RevMan (V.5.3). The bias risk evaluation, heterogeneity, consistency, transitivity, and evidence quality will be followed as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions suggestions.Discussion: This review will use a structured and effective method to analyze the effectiveness and security of ACEIs and ARBs in treating COVID-19 patients with CKD. Research results can present valuable evidence for patients, clinicians, researchers, or decision-makers.Systerm review: PROSPERO registration number CRD42021268701.

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Transition of Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease to Adult Health Service: Scoping Review

Вопросы современной педиатрии ◽

10.15690/vsp.v20i1.2235 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 24-36

Author(s):

Elena N. Kulakova ◽

Tatjana L. Nastausheva ◽

Inna V. Kondratjeva ◽

Tatjana G. Zvyagina ◽

Maria P. Koltakova

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Health Service ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Russian Language ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Publication Date ◽

Adult Health ◽

Inclusion Criteria

Background. The transition of adolescents with chronic diseases from pediatric to adult health service is often accompanied by a decrease in adherence to the recommendations, non-regular scheduled medical consultations, disease course monitoring violation. All together it can lead to exacerbation and progression of the chronic disease and a decrease in quality of life. Programs for patients with nephrological diseases that optimize the process of their transition to adult service can improve the course of chronic kidney disease (according to international experts).Objective. The aim of the study was to systematize data from the published literature on the transition of adolescents with chronic kidney disease to adult health service; identify gaps in scientific knowledge; and determine areas for future research.Methods. Scoping review was performed by searching for articles in the databases: PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, The Cochrane Library, via Google Scholar and in reference lists of selected articles. We have selected articles published in Russian or English with no publication date limitation and corresponding to inclusion criteria.Results. 185 (8.5%) out of 2,184 identified literature sources were included in the study. The results of 25 works were included in the analysis of transition programs efficacy. There were no Russian-language articles matching the inclusion criteria. The majority of publications types were original scientific studies (retrospective observational studies, questionnaire surveys, qualitative and mixed methods studies with interviewing) and narrative reviews. It was shown that both complex programs and narrow-focus interventions have been implemented to improve the transition process. It has been noted that the efficacy of such initiatives still remains insufficiently studied, including among experimental studies.Conclusion. Formation of the scientific knowledge system on the transition of patients with chronic kidney disease to adult health service requires high-level evidence. Further researches are needed in this field in the Russian health system as well.

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Interventions to improve water supply and quality, sanitation and handwashing facilities in healthcare facilities, and their effect on healthcare-associated infections in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and supplementary scoping review

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. e001632 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Julie Watson ◽

Lauren D'Mello-Guyett ◽

Erin Flynn ◽

Jane Falconer ◽

Joanna Esteves-Mills ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Healthcare Associated Infections ◽

Middle Income ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

The Impact

IntroductionHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are the most frequent adverse event compromising patient safety globally. Patients in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are most at risk. Although water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions are likely important for the prevention of HCAIs, there have been no systematic reviews to date.MethodsAs per our prepublished protocol, we systematically searched academic databases, trial registers, WHO databases, grey literature resources and conference abstracts to identify studies assessing the impact of HCF WASH services and practices on HCAIs in LMICs. In parallel, we undertook a supplementary scoping review including less rigorous study designs to develop a conceptual framework for how WASH can impact HCAIs and to identify key literature gaps.ResultsOnly three studies were included in the systematic review. All assessed hygiene interventions and included: a cluster-randomised controlled trial, a cohort study, and a matched case-control study. All reported a reduction in HCAIs, but all were considered at medium-high risk of bias. The additional 27 before-after studies included in our scoping review all focused on hygiene interventions, none assessed improvements to water quantity, quality or sanitation facilities. 26 of the studies reported a reduction in at least one HCAI. Our scoping review identified multiple mechanisms by which WASH can influence HCAI and highlighted a number of important research gaps.ConclusionsAlthough there is a dearth of evidence for the effect of WASH in HCFs, the studies of hygiene interventions were consistently protective against HCAIs in LMICs. Additional and higher quality research is urgently needed to fill this gap to understand how WASH services in HCFs can support broader efforts to reduce HCAIs in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017080943.

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Interagency collaboration models for people with mental ill health in contact with the police: a systematic scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e019312 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Adwoa Parker ◽

Arabella Scantlebury ◽

Alison Booth ◽

Jillian Catherine MacBryde ◽

William J Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Police Officers ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Interagency Collaboration ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Health Related ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveTo identify existing evidence on interagency collaboration between law enforcement, emergency services, statutory services and third sector agencies regarding people with mental ill health.DesignSystematic scoping review. Scoping reviews map particular research areas to identify research gaps.Data sources and eligibilityASSIA, CENTRAL, the Cochrane Library databases, Criminal Justice Abstracts, ERIC, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PROSPERO and Social Care Online and Social Sciences Citation Index were searched up to 2017, as were grey literature and hand searches. Eligible articles were empirical evaluations or descriptions of models of interagency collaboration between the police and other agencies.Study appraisal and synthesisScreening and data extraction were undertaken independently by two researchers. Arksey’s framework was used to collate and map included studies.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-five studies were included. The majority of articles were of descriptions of models (28%), mixed methods evaluations of models (18%) and single service evaluations (14%). The most frequently reported outcomes (52%) were ‘organisational or service level outcomes’ (eg, arrest rates). Most articles (53%) focused on adults with mental ill health, whereas others focused on adult offenders with mental ill health (17.4%). Thirteen models of interagency collaboration were described, each involving between 2 and 13 agencies. Frequently reported models were ‘prearrest diversion’ of people with mental ill health (34%), ‘coresponse’ involving joint response by police officers paired with mental health professionals (28.6%) and ‘jail diversion’ following arrest (23.8%).ConclusionsWe identified 13 different interagency collaboration models catering for a range of mental health-related interactions. All but one of these models involved the police and mental health services or professionals. Several models have sufficient literature to warrant full systematic reviews of their effectiveness, whereas others need robust evaluation, by randomised controlled trial where appropriate. Future evaluations should focus on health-related outcomes and the impact on key stakeholders.

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Necessary but not sufficient: a scoping review of legal accountability for sexual and reproductive health in low-income and middle-income countries

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. e006033

Author(s):

Marta Schaaf ◽

Rajat Khosla

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Keyword Search ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Effect Change ◽

Legal Accountability ◽

The Impact

BackgroundThis paper is a scoping review of the impact of legal accountability efforts for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), exploring the links between legal accountability strategies and changes in the desired SRHR outcomes.MethodsWe defined legal accountability as use of the judicial system following state failure to respect, protect or fulfil SRHR as enshrined in national law, as well as individuals’ or the state’s use of criminal law mechanisms to prevent unwanted behaviour and to provide remedy. We undertook a keyword search in PubMed, Scopus and LexisNexis and then consulted a group of experts to provide guidance regarding further peer-reviewed and grey literature, yielding a total of 191 articles.ResultsThe majority of the empirical, peer-reviewed articles identified were regarding abortion law and abortion care availability, followed by violence against women. Most of these articles explore the gaps between law and practice. We identified seven key factors that shape the efficacy of legal accountability efforts, including the ways a law or court decision is formulated, access to courts, the (dis)advantages of criminal law in the given context, cultural norms, politics, state capacity and resources and the potential for further litigation. Many articles explained that use of the judiciary may be necessary to effect change and that the act of claiming rights can empower, but that legal avenues for change can be imperfect tools for justice.ConclusionsLegal accountability can be effective as part of a broader, long-term strategy, with due attention to context.

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