scholarly journals Incidence of recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries over an 11-year period at a ski resort in Niigata, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000742
Author(s):  
Noboru Hosaka ◽  
Katsumitsu Arai ◽  
Hiroshi Otsuka ◽  
Hidefumi Kishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Ski Industry ◽  
Fail Safe

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge regarding the incidence of recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries.ObjectiveThis study investigated the incidence and characteristics of recent recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries and discussed possible preventive measures to reduce the risk of spinal injuries.MethodsThis descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the incidence and characteristics of snowboarding-related spinal injuries at the Myoko ski resort in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, between 2006 and 2017. The incidence of spinal injuries was calculated as the total number of spinal injuries divided by the number of snowboarding visitors, which was estimated based on the ticket sales and estimates regarding the ratio of the number of skiers to the number of snowboarders reported by seven skiing facilities.ResultsIn total, 124 (72.5%) males and 47 (27.5%) females suffered spinal injuries. The incidence of spinal injuries was 5.1 (95% CI 4.4 to 5.9) per 100 000 snowboarder visitors. Jumps at terrain parks were the most common factor in 113 (66.1%) spinal injuries, regardless of skill level (29/49 beginners, 78/112 intermediates, 6/10 experts). Overall, 11 (including 9 Frankel A) of 14 (78.6%) cases with residual neurologic deficits were involved with jumps.ConclusionsIn recreational snowboarding, jumping is one of the main causes for serious spinal injuries, regardless of skill level. The incidence of spinal injuries has not decreased over time. Individual efforts and educational interventions thus far have proven insufficient to reduce the incidence of spinal injury. Ski resorts and the ski industry should focus on designing fail-safe jump features to minimise the risk of serious spinal injury.

Design and Planning for Winter Sport Resorts

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Simon Hudson ◽  
Louise Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Winter Sport ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Ski Industry ◽  
Demographic Shifts

As mentioned already in this book, the ski industry has experienced considerable consolidation in the last few decades, particularly in North America, as larger operators buy up individual ski resorts or send small operators out of business. The industry is also highly vulnerable to climate change, which can have a devastating economic impact on ski resorts, requiring them to diversify their products and services and focus on alleviating the negative consequences of seasonality. If we factor in demographic shifts which are also dramatically affecting the ski industry landscape, then we have an environment of increasing uncertainty – where ski resort planning and development takes on a greater significance. The key stages in the design of ski resorts are gaining development approval, analyzing site feasibility, deciding on design guidelines, and choosing development styles. Each of these is examined in turn.

Assessing the competitiveness of the resort area

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1216-1231
Author(s):  
K.A. Nefedova ◽  
D.O. Maslakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Ranking Score ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Differential Methods

Subject. This article discusses the issues of development of the Krasnaya Polyana resort area. Objectives. The article aims to assess the competitive ability and attractiveness of this resort area through developing indicators. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, and factor and ranking score techniques. Results. The article offers original methods to assess the competitiveness of the ski resort area and describes possible directions to increase and improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of ski resorts. Conclusions. Comprehensive development indicators help assess the competitive ability of the ski resort area. Modified expert, sociological, rating, and differential methods contribute to the effective management of the resort area's advantages.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Ski Industry in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Yuyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Ski Industry

As the living standard increased, more and more people join this sport. The rapid development of skiing equipment and ski resorts stimulates multiple people to experience skiing. This paper analyzes the current situation and development of the ski industry in China. Based on the case study, the author analyzes the prospect and provides suggestions in the end for ski companies.

scholarly journals Seasonal evolution of a ski slope under natural and artificial snow: detailed observations and modelling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Spandre ◽  
Hugues François ◽  
Emmanuel Thibert ◽  
Samuel Morin ◽  
Emmanuelle George-Marcelpoil
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Seasonal Evolution ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Ski Industry ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The production of Machine Made (MM) snow is now generalized in ski resorts and represents the most common adaptation method to mitigate the impacts of both the natural variability and projected changes of the climate on the snow conditions to guarantee suitable conditions for skiing. Most investigations of the impact of snow conditions on the economy of the ski industry under past, present or projected climate focus on the production of MM snow. So far, none of them accounted for the efficiency of the snowmaking process i.e. the actual MM snow mass that can be recovered from a given water mass used for snowmaking. The present study consisted in observations and interpolation on a 0.5 × 0.5 m grid of snow conditions (depth and mass) using a Differential GPS method and snow density coring, after single sessions of production (prior to MM snow spreading by grooming machines) and on the ski slope as opened to skiers, on a beginner trail in Les Deux Alpes ski resort (French Alps). A detailed physically based snowpack model accounting for grooming and snowmaking was used to address the seasonal evolution of the snowpack and compared to the observations. Our results show that approximately 30 % of the water mass can be recovered as MM snow within 10 m from the center of a MM snow pile after the production and 50 % within 20 m. The observations and simulations on the ski slope were relatively consistent with 60 % (±10 %) of the water mass used for snowmaking within the edge of the ski slope. We also addressed the losses due to thermodynamic effects resulting in less than 10 % of the total water mass in the present case. The main uncertainty pertains to the surface of observations: the surface of the ski slope opened to skiers changed along the season and objective uncertainties exist, in particular from man-made decisions. These results suggest that even in the ideal conditions for production a significant fraction of the water used for snowmaking can not be found as MM snow within the edge of the ski slope with most of the lost fraction of water due to site dependent characteristics (e.g. meteorological conditions, topography, human decisions).

scholarly journals Revegetation of ski runs in Serbia: Case studies of Mts. Stara Planina and Divcibare

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Bjedov ◽  
R. Ristic ◽  
N. Stavretovic ◽  
V. Stevovic ◽  
B. Radic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Seed Mixtures

Revegetation is the most sustainable method of soil stabilization at ski runs. In order to establish a stable plant community, it is recommended to use native species. However, non-native species are most often used. In this paper the revegetation of ski runs at two ski resorts is investigated: Divcibare and Stara Planina. Seven species were used for the revegetation of the ski run at the Divcibare ski resort of which six species were native. Six species were used for the revegetation of the Stara Planina ski resort, of which two species were native. It was established that the plant species used in the seed mixtures were suitable for erosion control at the investigated ski resorts.

scholarly journals Skin Cancer Prevalence in Outdoor Workers of Ski Resorts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yolanda Gilaberte ◽  
Josep Manel Casanova ◽  
Ana Julia García-Malinis ◽  
Salvador Arias-Santiago ◽  
Maria Reyes García de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Outdoor Workers ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Skin Cancers

Background. Snow reflectivity and altitude increase the exposure of ski resort workers to solar ultraviolet radiation. The aim was to assess the presence of skin cancer in ski resorts workers and compare it with other groups of outdoor workers reviewing published studies. Methods. An observational cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the three largest ski resorts in Spain: Baqueira Beret, Lleida; Formigal, Huesca and Sierra Nevada, Granada. All outdoor workers including ski instructors were invited to participate in the study. The participants completed a validated questionnaire about sun exposure and underwent a skin examination. Results. 219 workers were included in the study (80% male; mean age 43.8 (SD 11.31) years). Actinic keratosis (AK) but no other skin cancers were detected in 32 participants (14.62%). Those with AK worked in the Southernmost ski resort, were more likely to have light colour hair, and were older and with higher photoaging grade than those without them. Conclusion. Compared to other studies, outdoor workers on ski resorts show a higher prevalence of AK than general population but a lower prevalence than other groups of outdoor workers.

Artificial Snowmaking: Winter Sports Between State-Owned Company Policy and Tourist Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 109634802095707
Author(s):  
Marko Joksimović ◽  
Mirjana Gajić ◽  
Snežana Vujadinović ◽  
Jelena Milenković ◽  
Vladimir Malinić
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
Tourist Demand

Due to changing climatic conditions, artificial snowmaking has become a major method of ski resort adaptation globally. It is a financially intensive operation requiring high start-up investment and involving operating costs that are dependent on weather conditions. Operational costs and the expansion of artificial snowmaking systems increase the price of ski passes. In our work, we analyzed the operations of a public company that operates the largest ski resorts in Serbia and directs the flow of winter sports tourism. We tried to determine, by means of correlation, the extent to which ski pass prices in the biggest winter resort in Serbia are influenced by factors such as natural snow cover, number of tourist overnights, ski run length, and local wages. The results of the survey indicate an increasing transformation of the ski resort into a thematic attraction independent of climatic factors in terms of determining ski pass prices.

scholarly journals Spinal Motocross Injuries in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596711774864
Author(s):  
Rohit Singh ◽  
Amit Bhalla ◽  
Matthew Ockendon ◽  
Stuart Hay
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Burst Fracture ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Data Series ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Age Range

Background: Motocross is a form of motorcycle racing held on established off-road circuits and has been a recreational and competitive sport across the world for >100 years. In the United Kingdom alone, motocross has grown into a phenomenally ambitious and popular franchise. There are >200 motocross clubs across the country, permitting >900 events annually. Purpose: To assess the current trend of spine-related motocross injuries over the past 5 years. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data were prospectively collected over 5 years (August 2010–August 2015) at our regional trauma and spine unit, regardless of whether the rider was performing the sport competitively or recreationally. Results: During the study period, spine-related injuries were identified for 174 patients (age range, 6-75 years) who were directly referred to our department following recreational or competitive motocross, with most injuries being sustained within the early spring and summer months, representing the start of the motocross season. A significant number of injuries were in males (n = 203, 94%), with the majority of injuries occurring within the 21- to 30-year-old age group. A total of 116 (54%) injuries required operative treatment. The most common spinal injury was thoracolumbar burst fracture (n = 95), followed by chance fractures (n = 26). Conclusion: This data series emphasizes the prevalence and devastation of motocross-related spinal injuries in the United Kingdom and may serve in administering sanctions and guidelines to governing bodies of motocross. The spinal injuries that occur during motocross have significant capital connotations for regional spinal centers. The recent surge in motocross popularity is correlated with the number of injuries, which have increased over the past 5 years by almost 500%.

Diagnostics, pathogenesis and treatment of damage to the dura mater in spinal injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
A. G. Martikyan ◽  
A. A. Grin
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Spinal Trauma ◽  
Defect Closure ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Dural Tears

The study objectiveis to discuss the issues concerning to pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of dura mater tear in spinal injuries. The issues regarding to the risk factors for dura mater tears and complications of surgical treatment in spinal injuries were considered.Results.It is established that the frequency of dural tears in spinal trauma varies from 7.7 to 65.0 %. The most informative and safe method of diagnosis is magnetic resonance myelography, but its specificity does not reach 100 %. To prevent the development of early and late complications in the postoperative period is mainly used dura mater sealing, preferably expanding plastic.Conclusion.The absence of the “gold standard” of dura mater defect closure in spinal trauma is associated with a variety of forms of dura mater damages and the difficulties of its plasticity and sealing.

scholarly journals Spinal Injuries in Canadian Ice Hockey: Documentation of Injuries Sustained from 1943-1999

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Tator ◽  
C.F. Provvidenza ◽  
L. Lapczak ◽  
J. Carson ◽  
D. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Rules Changes ◽  
Type Of Fracture

Objectives:Study objectives were: (a) to examine the causes and incidence of major spinal cord injuries sustained by ice hockey players; and (b) to add recently reported Canadian cases to the Canadian Ice Hockey Spinal Injury Registry to determine the effectiveness of prevention efforts.Methods:The study was a review of questionnaires returned retrospectively by physicians and other sources reporting ice hockey related spinal injuries in Canada. Physicians reported on the mechanism of injury, vertebral level of injury, presence of neurologic deficit, type of event, and type of fracture.Results:Between 1943 and 1999, 271 major spinal injuries were reported in Canadian ice hockey players, of which 49.0% occurred to players 16-20 years of age. Ontario has had a disproportionately large number of injuries compared to some provinces, especially Quebec. Of the spinal cord injuries, 65.8% resulted from colliding with the boards, and 36.6% were due to players being pushed or checked from behind. The recent survey shows that there has been a decline in the number of major spinal cord injuries in Canadian ice hockey, especially those causing paralysis due to checking or pushing from behind.Conclusion:Impact of the head with the boards after being checked or pushed from behind was the most common mechanism of spinal cord injury. Injury prevention programs are becoming effective in reducing the overall number of injuries, especially those due to checking from behind. Greater awareness of the occurrence and mechanisms of injury through educational programs and rules changes by organized hockey have reduced the annual incidence of catastrophic spinal injuries in Canadian ice hockey.

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