scholarly journals How we treat patients with lung cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: primum non nocere

ESMO Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. e000765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Banna ◽  
Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro ◽  
Alex Friedlaender ◽  
Alfredo Addeo
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Patient’S Outcome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

New cases of the novel coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to rise worldwide. A few reports have showed that mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 is higher in elderly patients and other active comorbidities including cancer. To date, no effective treatment has been identified and management for critically ill patients relies on management in intensive care units. Patients with lung cancer are at risk of pulmonary complications from COVID-19. Furthermore, the use of chemotherapy might have a negative impact in patient’s outcome. Therefore, the risk/benefit ratio of systemic anticancer treatment (SACT) has to be considered. For each patient, several factors including age and comorbidities, as well as the number of hospital visits for treatment, can influence this risk. Each hospital around the world has issued some internal policy guidelines for oncologists, aiming to limit risks during this difficult time. We hereby propose a tool to support oncologists and physicians in treatment decision for patients with lung cancer. There are several variables to consider, including the extent of the epidemic, the local healthcare structure capacity, the risk of infection to the individual, the status of cancer, patients’ comorbidities, age and details of the treatment. Given this heterogeneity, we have based our suggestions bearing in mind some general factors There is not easy, universal solution to oncological care during this crisis and, to complicate matters, the duration of this pandemic is hard to predict. It is important to weigh the impact of each of our decisions in these trying times rather than rely on routine automatisms.

scholarly journals Harnessing testing strategies and public health measures to avert COVID-19 outbreaks during ocean cruises

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Chowell ◽  
Sushma Dahal ◽  
Raquel Bono ◽  
Kenji Mizumoto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo ensure the safe operation of schools, workplaces, nursing homes, and other businesses during COVID-19 pandemic there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective public health strategies. Here we focus on the cruise industry which was hit early by the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 40 cruise ships reporting COVID-19 infections. We apply mathematical modeling to assess the impact of testing strategies together with social distancing protocols on the spread of the novel coronavirus during ocean cruises using an individual-level stochastic model of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. We model the contact network, the potential importation of cases arising during shore excursions, the temporal course of infectivity at the individual level, the effects of social distancing strategies, different testing scenarios characterized by the test’s sensitivity profile, and testing frequency. Our findings indicate that PCR testing at embarkation and daily testing of all individuals aboard, together with increased social distancing and other public health measures, should allow for rapid detection and isolation of COVID-19 infections and dramatically reducing the probability of onboard COVID-19 community spread. In contrast, relying only on PCR testing at embarkation would not be sufficient to avert outbreaks, even when implementing substantial levels of social distancing measures.

scholarly journals Flight Simulator’s Energy Consumption Depending on the Conditions of the Air Operation

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Michał Gołębiewski ◽  
Marta Galant-Gołębiewska ◽  
Remigiusz Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Protection of the natural environment is a key activity driving development in the transport discipline today. The use of simulators to train civil aviation pilots provides an excellent opportunity to maintain the balance between efficiency and limit the negative impact of transport on the environment. Therefore, we decided to determine the impact of selected simulations of air operations on energy consumption. The aim of the research was to determine the energy consumption of the flight simulator depending on the type of flight operation and configuration used. We also decided to compare the obtained result with the energy consumption of an aircraft of a similar class, performing a similar aviation operation and other means of transport. In order to obtain the results, a research plan was proposed consisting of 12 scenarios differing in the simulated aircraft model, weather conditions and the use of the simulator motion platform. In each of the scenarios, energy consumption was measured, taking into account the individual components of the simulator. The research showed that the use of a flight simulator has a much smaller negative impact on the natural environment than flying in a traditional plane. Use of a motion platform indicated a change in energy consumption of approximately 40% (in general, flight simulator configuration can change energy consumption by up to 50%). The deterioration of weather conditions during the simulation caused an increase in energy consumption of 14% when motion was disabled and 18% when motion was enabled. Energy consumption in the initial stages of pilot training can be reduced by 97% by using flight simulators compared to aircraft training.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER WITH A TENDENCY TO ANOREXIA NERVOSA IN ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Diona Wahyuni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Body Image Disorders ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are severe body image disorders that severely interfere with the daily functioning of the individual. They are separate but overlapping nosologically entities. There is a study on the tendency of wrong eating behaviour in adolescents with specifications for anorexia nervosa in Jakarta 11.6% and there is also a study at High School in Jakarta 88.5% of adolescents experience wrong eating behaviour with the specifications of anorexia nervosa. And the two largest epidemiological surveys regarding BDD, there were 2.5% women and 2.2% men. With a fairly high number of these two events, this has the potential to have a negative impact on someone’s health. This study aims to discuss the impact of anorexia nervosa. Methods: The researcher used several literature and scientific journals, which was based on 15 journals and literature, discussing a tendency to anorexia nervosa with the incidence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and its medical emergencies. Conclusion: There is a correlation of anorexia nervosa among teenager especially girl teenage

scholarly journals Thyroid Disorders and COVID-19

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
N.A. Petunina ◽  
◽  
Ya.A. Al Taravi ◽  
A.Yu. Surkova ◽  
N.S. Martirosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Direct Invasion ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

Objective of the Review: To present the available information on the SARS-CoV-2 impact on thyroid gland (TG), impact from a thyroid pathology over COVID-19 morbidity and course, and management of patients with various thyroid pathologies and the novel coronavirus infection. Key Points. SARS-CoV-2 virus demonstrates exponential spread all over the globe and has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19 infection. Currently, the mechanism of non-pulmonary complications of SARS-CoV-2 and endocrine involvement is yet not clear. The impact from SARS-CoV-2 on TG can be a result of direct invasion of target cells by the virus or activation of immunise and inflammatory response.Changes in the pituitary-hypothalamic thyroid system can be caused by developing euthyroid pathology syndrome, glucocorticosteroid therapy, destructive thyroiditis. Manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disorders associated with COVID-19 cannot be ruled out. Conclusion. Currently there is no information on direct thyroid invasion by SARS-CoV-2; however the available results from trials and clinical observations demonstrate possible impact from coronavirus infections, in particular from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, on the pituitaryhypothalamic-thyroid system with development of various pathologies or a number of changes in thyroid hormone levels. Taking into account possible associations between thyroid dysfunction and prolonged hospitalisation, risk of deaths in hospital, and the association between thyrotoxicosis and atrial fibrillation and hypercoagulation, it is advisable to screen patients with severe COVID-19. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, thyroid gland, nonsuppurative granulematous thyroiditis.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF OVERCOMING OF PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS OF MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 258-261
Author(s):  
Р. Тлебалдин ◽  
М. Абиров ◽  
М.К. Желдербаева ◽  
Е. Ергешов ◽  
Ж.Н. Бисенбаева
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Psychological Barrier ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual

В статье рассмотрены условия преодоления психологических барьеров в обучении студентов медиков. Преодоление психологического барьера это сложный и многогранный процесс, который сопровождается изменениями жизненных условий, статуса вчерашнего школьника, определения своего места в новом коллективе, отношениями с преподавателями, изменениями в организации своего рабочего времени, осознании причастности к будущей профессии врача. Психологический барьер представляет собой определенную внутриличностную преграду, преодоление которой ведет к качественному преобразованию, как деятельности личности, так и самой личности. Кроме этого в статье раскрываются основные причины возникновения психологических барьеров в процессе обучения, где проблема преодоления психологических барьеров учебной деятельности изучалась как в педагогических, так и в психологических исследованиях и оказывает негативное влияние на учебную деятельность студентов. The article considers the conditions for overcoming psychological barriers in the training of medical students. Overcoming the psychological barrier is a complex and multifaceted process that is accompanied by changes in living conditions, the status of yesterday's student, determining their place in the new team, relationships with teachers, changes in the organization of their working hours, awareness of involvement in the future profession of a doctor. The psychological barrier is a certain intrapersonal barrier, the overcoming of which leads to a qualitative transformation of both the activity of the individual and the personality itself. In addition, the article reveals the main reasons for the emergence of psychological barriers in the learning process, where the problem of overcoming psychological barriers to educational activity has been studied both in pedagogical and psychological studies and has a negative impact on the educational activities of students.

It's all in the past: how do colonial legacies between host and home countries affect the expatriate experience?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Host Country Nationals ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

PurposeWithin the expatriation subset of the wider IB literature, the focus of research has been on contemporary contextual factors. The purpose of this paper is to link the present to the past by investigating how the individual expatriate experience may be affected by a colonial legacy between host and home countries.Design/methodology/approachGiven the exploratory nature of this study, a qualitative interview-based approach eliciting thick, detailed descriptions of the practical experiences of seven Japanese expatriate managers working in Malaysia was adopted. These were supplemented by additional interviews with three host-country nationals who work alongside some of the expatriates. The data were analysed through a two-stage coding process.FindingsThe expatriate respondents were largely unanimous in their view that the colonial past between the two countries had no negative impact on their experiences in Malaysia, and the Malaysian interviewees corroborated this. On the contrary, the majority of the expatriates actually spoke positively about their experiences. This was especially true for expatriates in both the tourism and education/research field whose work was linked in some way to the period of Japanese occupation.Research limitations/implicationsThe small, single-context nature of the investigation limits generalisation. There are also many particularities in this study (the nature of Japanese-Malaysian postcolonial relations, cultural values of the Malaysians and Japanese, and so on) that are perhaps not easily relatable to other contexts. Having said this, qualitative research is not always geared towards generalisability but rather towards contextual intricacies and nuances.Originality/valueWhile most of the extant literature on expatriation has examined largely contemporary factors, this paper explores the impact of more historical events on the expatriate experience. Although such events may seem distant from an expatriate's current activities, this study suggests that in certain circumstances, they may have a lingering effect.

Trust, Ethnicity and Integrity in East Africa: Experimental Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Burbidge ◽  
Nic Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trust Games ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Experimental Games ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractPolitical economy comparisons of Kenya and Tanzania have often found the political salience of ethnicity to be far higher in the former than the latter, with a negative impact on intercommunal trust. This difference has tended to be explained on the basis of the different kinds of leadership that the two countries experienced after independence. However, these findings have typically been demonstrated using aggregate or survey data. This paper assesses the salience of ethnicity at the individual level for the first time, deploying monetized two-round trust games in urban Kenya and Tanzania. The experimental games isolate the comparative impact of common knowledge of ethnicity and integrity among a quasi-random selection of 486 citizens. Verifying previous findings, we observe higher levels of trust and trustworthiness in Tanzania as compared with Kenya. Further, in comparison with Kenya, any shared knowledge of ethnic identities in Tanzania leads players to transfer fewer resources, while common knowledge that both players are “honest” led to higher transfers there than in Kenya. These results provide robust evidence of higher levels of trust in Tanzania, and of the negative effect in that country of common knowledge of ethnicity on levels of cooperation. The findings demonstrate the way in which political context can shape the impact of ethnic diversity, and encourage further experimental research that looks at the intersubjective dynamics of social cooperation.

FOUR DECADES OF POVERTY AND CONSUMPTION IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
JINXIAN WANG ◽  
CHEN WANG ◽  
YAN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Since 2010, China’s miraculous growth has come to a halt and has shown steady deceleration. To re-accelerate economic growth, stimulating domestic consumption is a crucial way with fighting poverty as the key step. This paper attempts to explore the impact of poverty on resident consumption in China over the last four decades. Based on provincial data, we first simulate income distribution at the individual level and provide moderate poverty profiles at the provincial level. The empirical analyses are then conducted to gauge the poverty impacts using the estimated poverty index. Results show that (1) moderate poverty has decreased sharply in China, with the best achievement in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong; (2) moderate poverty exerts a significantly negative impact on resident consumption; and (3) when poverty increases, resident consumption on household equipment decreases the most, while resident consumption on food, transportation, and telecommunication decreases the least.

scholarly journals Impact of diffusing lung capacity before and after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation on postoperative pulmonary complications among patients with stage IIIA/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumin Shin ◽  
Yong Soo Choi ◽  
Jae Jun Jung ◽  
Yunjoo Im ◽  
Sun Hye Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Postoperative Pulmonary Complication ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Stage Iiia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) before and after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) among stage IIIA/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We retrospectively studied 324 patients with stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC between 2009 and 2016. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to DLco before and after neoadjuvant CCRT; normal-to-normal (NN), normal-to-low (NL), low-to-low (LL), and low-to-very low (LVL). Low DLco and very low DLco were defined as DLco < 80% predicted and DLco < 60% predicted, respectively. Results On average, DLco was decreased by 12.3% (±10.5) after CCRT. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for any PPC comparing patients with low DLco to those with normal DLco before CCRT was 2.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36–3.36). Moreover, the IRR for any PPC was 3.78 (95% CI = 1.68–8.49) in LVL group compared to NN group. The significant change of DLco after neoadjuvant CCRT had an additional impact on PPC, particularly after bilobectomy or pneumonectomy with low baseline DLco. Conclusions The DLco before CCRT was significantly associated with risk of PPC, and repeated test of DLco after CCRT would be helpful for risk assessment, particularly in patients with low DLco before neoadjuvant CCRT.

scholarly journals Venous and Lung Thromboembolism in the Context of Lung Cancer: Clinical Manifestations, Risk Factors and Prognosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Maia ◽  
Inês Neves ◽  
António Morais ◽  
Henrique Queiroga
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The relationship between cancer and thromboembolic events has been known for a long time. Lung and venous thromboembolism are frequent complications of lung cancer and its treatment, being a great cause of morbidity and mortality. We pretend to establish the relationship between lung and venous thromboembolism and lung cancer, describe patient characteristics and analyze the impact in the survival and prognosis.Material and Methods: It was a retrospective study. All research subjects were selected from lung cancer patients with a newly diagnosed lung and venous thromboembolism event admitted to Hospital S. João, between January 2008 and December 2013 and were followed until December 2014. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS.Results: From the search, we obtained 113 patients. The majority was male, smokers or ex-smokers, and adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histologic type, being diagnosed mostly in advanced stages. We noticed that the median time between lung cancer diagnosis and lung venous thromboembolism was 2.9 months. In 24 patients (21.4%), the lung cancer diagnosis occurred after the lung and venous thromboembolism event and in 86 patients (76.8%), it occurred before the event. After a median follow up of 1.4 months, 107 (94.7%) patients died, 1 (0.9%) was lost to follow-up and 5 (4.4%) were still alive. The median survival rate was 1.5 months.Discussion: The diagnosis of lung and venous thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer is associated with bad prognosis. It occurs most frequently in patients with advanced disease, in the first months after lung cancer diagnosis and after beginning chemotherapy.Conclusion: Disease progression is an independent predictor with negative impact in overall survival.

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