Epidemiology of injuries among Italian footballers: the role of the playing field

BackgroundFootball has a higher injury rate compared with other team sports such as rugby, in terms of two main categories: intrinsic (individual) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. The playing field is an extrinsic risk factor which has been poorly investigated in the literature.PurposeThe aim of our study was to define the incidence and risk factors of injuries in a cohort of footballers comparing the role of three different types of playing field (hard court, natural grass or synthetic grass).Study designThis was a cross sectional prevalence study.MethodsThe population comprised footballers recruited by a convenience sample; the instrument used for the survey was an anonymous self-administered questionnaire.Results267 football players were enrolled (average age 23.4±4.8 years), of whom 33.7% (n=90/267) played on hard court, 33.0% (n=88/267) on natural grass and 33.3% (n=89/267) on synthetic grass. The overall incidence of injury was 40.1 (95% CI 34.1 to 46.8) ×1000 person-years of training, with higher values for ankle and knee injuries. Ankle injuries (aOR 0.4; P=0.021) were associated with playing on natural grass as a protective factor, while playing on natural grass seemed to be a risk factor for muscular injuries (aOR 2.3; P=0.026).ConclusionOur study showed a high lifetime prevalence of injury among footballers (57%), in particular among athletes who play and train on a hard court. We have studied a topic poorly investigated previously and provide the opportunity to understand interventions to increase the capacity of stakeholders in preventing injuries.

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Alexithymia and Coping Strategies: Predictors of Hopelessness?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2224 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S226-S226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Serafini ◽

L. Capobianco ◽

M. Pompili ◽

P. Girardi ◽

M. Amore

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Conditions ◽

Competing Interest ◽

And Coping ◽

The University

IntroductionAlexithymic traits and coping strategies may affect the onset and course of many psychiatric conditions. However, their role in determining hopelessness and suicide risk has been not still elucidated.ObjectivesThe present study analyzed the correlations between alexithymia, coping strategies, and hopelessness.AimsWe aimed to evaluate whether specific coping strategies and alexithymia may predict hopelessness which is widely considered an independent risk factor for suicide.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted on 276 patients (19.9% men, 81.1% women; mean age: 48.1 years, SD: 16.9), of which most with major affective disorders, who were admitted at the Psychiatric Unit of the University of Genoa (Italy). All participants were assessed using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).ResultsAlexythimic subjects significantly differ from non-alexythimic individuals in terms of substance abuse (χ2 = 23.1; P = .027). According to bivariate analyses, we found a significant correlation between hopelessness and suicidal thoughts/wishes (r = .34; P = .01), humor (r = –.24; P = .05), and behavioural disengagement (r = .205; P = .05). Behavioural disengagement is also a positive predictor of hopelessness (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.52) while humour is a negative predictor of hopelessness (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99).ConclusionsBehavioural disengagement needs to be considered a risk factor while humor is a protective factor for suicide. Surprisingly, we found no significant association between alexithymia and hopelessness. Further additional studies are requested to test these exploratory findings in order to more deeply elucidate the role of both alexithymia and coping strategies in suicidal behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Right–Wing Authoritarianism: Protective Factor against Or Risk Factor for Depression?

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.853 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 536-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Bart Duriez ◽

Theo A. Klimstra ◽

Koen Luyckx ◽

Wim Beyers ◽

Bart Soenens

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

World War Ii ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Community Sample ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Student Sample

Because the authoritarian personality was introduced to explain the rise of fascism during World War II, research focused on its ability to predict prejudice, leaving its associations with well–being largely unexplored. Studies that did examine these associations yielded inconsistent results, and some authors even argued that authoritarianism buffers against the negative effects of psychological vulnerability factors (i.e. D–type personality) and negative life events on well–being, especially among people in an authoritarian environment. Using a cross–sectional community sample (N = 1010), Study 1 failed to support the idea that authoritarianism relates to depressive symptoms and buffers against the negative effects of D–type personality on depressive symptoms. Using a longitudinal college student sample (N = 499), Study 2 showed that authoritarianism did not moderate the effects of life events either and even predicted over–time increases in depressive symptoms. Using a longitudinal high school sample (N = 590), Study 3 showed that this effect emerged regardless of degree of fit with the social environment (i.e. with family and friends). Taken together, results suggest that authoritarianism constitutes a risk factor for rather than a protective factor against depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Role of ultrasonography in assessment of painful ankle

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab106.039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Amin Nassef ◽

Shaimaa El Metwaly El Diasty ◽

Marina Sameh Lamei

Keyword(s):

Ankle Joint ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Ankle Injuries ◽

Ankle Pain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Study ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Ankle disorders are a relatively common pathological condition, and ankle injuries account for approximately 14% of sports-related orthopedic emergency visits. Various imaging modalities can be used to make a diagnosis in cases of ankle pain; however, ultrasound (US) has several benefits for the evaluation of ankle pain, especially in the tendons, ligaments, and nerves of the ankle. Aim of the work to assess the role of high resolution US as a valuable tool in the depiction of causes of ankle joint pain. Patient & methods our study is a cross sectional descriptive screening study including 25 patients with ankle joint pain (acute or chronic), post traumatic or not with no age or sex predilection. Results The study included 15 (60%) males and 10 (40%) females. Their age ranged from 10 to 60 years with a mean age of 33.84±13.31years. Chronic ankle pain was the most common presenting symptom in 15 patients (60%) whereas 10 (40%) patients presented with acute ankle pain after trauma. The posterior ankle compartment was the most common affected compartment (24%) of cases. About 7 cases (28%) were presented by ankle swelling with or without pain. Conclusion In conclusion, MSK US is useful in detecting the underlying causes of ankle pain and still it has the potential to offer more valuable data if it is well mastered by the sonographers.

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Risk Factors For The Event Of Pediculosis Capitis In The Baturaja Orphanage, South Sumatera, Indonesia

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i9.354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 871-878

Author(s):

M. Farhan Fadhillah ◽

Chairil Anwar ◽

Iche Andriyani Liberty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Pediculosis Capitis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

And Behavior

Introduction. Pediculosis capitis is a disease of the scalp caused by infestation of Pediculus humanus capitis with symptoms such as itching and sensation of movement in the hair. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage.Methods. This research is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design with field and laboratory research. The population of this study were all children in the Baturaja orphanage who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as many as 172 children. All children present were taken as subjects. Data obtained by questionnaires, interviews and direct observation of the sample.Results. The results of this study showed the prevalence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage was 19.1%. In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between age (p = 0.000), education (p = 0.000), the use of shared pillows (p = 0.000), the use of shared combs (p = 0.000), the use of shared towels (p = 0.000), knowledge (p = 0.000), attitudes and behavior (p = 0.000) with the incidence of pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage was age (p=0.036), while behavior was a protective factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis.Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between age, education, use of shared pillows, use of shared combs, use of shared towels, knowledge, attitudes, behavior with the incidence of pediculosis capitis. The most dominant risk factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage is age, while behavior is a protective factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis.

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Role of Prophylactic Knee and Ankle Bracing in Injury Reduction

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.1.3.223 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 223-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael R. Sitler

Keyword(s):

Clinical Research ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Ankle Injuries ◽

Injury Reduction ◽

Recent Approach ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Research Analysis

Knee and ankle injuries continue to be ever present at all levels of athletic participation. A relatively recent approach in injury intervention is the use of prophylactic knee braces (PKB) and ankle stabilizers (AS). Prophylactic braces are used to reduce the frequency and severity of injuries in a cost effective manner, but their clinical efficacy has been questioned. Specific to PKB, there is little agreement among the results of studies completed to date as to their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of knee injuries. This is attributed to a lack of control of confounding variables that mitigate the interpretive findings of many studies. Although the clinical research regarding AS is limited, it appears that they are effective in reducing the incidence of acute ankle injuries. Recommendations for future study as well as considerations for clinical research analysis are presented.

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Risk Factors For The Event Of Pediculosis Capitis In The Baturaja Orphanage, South Sumatera, Palembang

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i3.354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 843-850

Author(s):

M. Farhan Fadhillah ◽

Chairil Anwar ◽

Iche Andriyani Liberty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Pediculosis Capitis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

And Behavior

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Is previous infection by EpsteinBarr Virus (EBV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) a considerable risk factor for the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults?

10.5327/1516-3180.365 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Mattos Santos ◽

João Gustavo dos Anjos Morais Oliveira ◽

Gabriela Sarno Brandão ◽

Ana Flávia Paiva Bandeira Assis ◽

Isaac Rêgo Purificação ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Relevant Risk Factor ◽

Epstein Barr

Background and objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that cause MS are still unknown. However, many variables appear as possible risk factors for the development of this disease. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the prevalence of MS cases in adult patients with a history of previous Epstein-Barr (EBV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Design and settings: This study is a literature review, produced in Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: The studies evaluated were observational studies, published from 2016 to 2021, obtained in PubMed, with MeSH terms, published. The studies that did not correspond with the purpose of this review were excluded. Results: The search resulted in 254 articles, of which 60 were selected. In cohort studies, EBV was indicated as a relevant risk factor and CMV was identified as a protective factor. Besides, cross-sectional studies differ in relation to CMV being considered a risk or protection factor, while EBV was pointed out as a risk factor again. However, case-control studies show that there is no association between Epstein-Barr or Cytomegalovirus with the risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis. Conclusion: The evidence is still very uncertain, mainly due to the quality of the studies produced so far. Further studies of better methodological quality are needed to prove whether there is a causal association between these factors.

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The Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Nationwide Survey in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23425/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Shahriarirad ◽

Amirhossein Erfani ◽

Keivan Ranjbar ◽

Amir Bazrafshan ◽

Alireza Mirahmadizadeh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factor ◽

General Population ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Of Death

Abstract Background: Disease outbreak not only carries the risk of death to the public due to the infection, but it also can lead to unbearable psychological impact on the mental health of the individuals. This study aims to explore and evaluate the burden of psychological problems on the Iranian general population during the outbreak of COVID-19.Method: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the general population of Iran age 15 and above. Demographic variables, depression, and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaires.Results: Among the 8591 participants, the mean age was 34.37 (±11.25) years and 66.4% were female while 33.6% were male. Based on our results, 1295 (15.1%) and 1733 (20.1%) of the general population clinically significant depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. Based on the demographic variables, female gender was associated with a higher risk for developing depression and anxiety symptoms, whereas getting information about the disease from medical journals and articles, being older, and being married were considered as associated protective factors. In terms of depression, being a healthcare worker was an associated risk factor. On the other hand, for anxiety, having higher education was a protective factor while a higher number of individuals in a household was considered as a risk factor.Conclusions: This study identified a major mental health problem in the Iranian population during the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, establishing a targeted mental health support program during the time of public emergencies, such as the disease outbreak, is advised.

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The Mental Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Population-Based Survey in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23425/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reza Shahriarirad ◽

Amirhossein Erfani ◽

Keivan Ranjbar ◽

Amir Bazrafshan ◽

Alireza Mirahmadizadeh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factor ◽

General Population ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Female Gender ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Of Death

Abstract Objective: Disease outbreak not only carries the risk of death to the public due to the infection, it also endures an unbearable psychological impact on the mental health of the individuals. This study aims to explore and evaluate the burden of psychological problems on the Iranian general population during the outbreak of COVID-19.Method: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the general population of Iran age 15 and above. Demographic variables, depression, and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaires.Results: Among the 8591 participants, the mean age was 34.37 (±11.25) years and 66.4% were female while 33.6% were male. Based on our results, 1295 (15.07%) and 1733 (20.17%) of the general population had depression and anxiety respectively. Based on the demographic variables, Among the risk factors for both anxiety and depression, one could name female gender, whereas getting information about the disease from medical journals and articles, being older and being married were considered as protective factors. In terms of depression, being a non-healthcare worker was a risk factor. On the other hand, for anxiety, having higher education was a protective factor while a higher number of individuals in a household was considered as a risk factor.Conclusions: This study identified a major mental health problem in the Iranian population during the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, establishing a targeted mental health support program during the time of public emergencies, such as the disease outbreak, is advised.

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The Association of Parent-Child Communication With Internet Addiction in Left-Behind Children in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3389/ijph.2021.630700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Cai ◽

Yun Wang ◽

Feng Wang ◽

Jingjing Lu ◽

Lu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Addiction ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Left Behind ◽

Parent Child Communication ◽

Parent Child

Objective: Internet addiction has emerged as a growing concern worldwide. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of Internet addiction between left-behind children (LBC) and non-left-behind children (non-LBC), and explore the role of paternal and maternal parent-child communication on LBC.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in rural areas in Anhui, China. The complete data were available from 699 LBC and 740 non-LBC. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine 1) whether LBC were more likely to develop Internet addiction, and 2) the association between parent-child communication and Internet addiction among LBC.Results: LBC had a higher likelihood to report Internet addiction when compared to non-LBC (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.43–2.88, p < 0.001). Among LBC, parent-child communication (both mother-child and father-child) was protective factor for children’s Internet addiction. The role of mother-child communication played well among male LBC.Conclusions: The lack of parental supervision may lead to Internet addiction. It is highly recommended for migrant parents to improve the quality of communication with their children. Also, gender-matching effects should be considered in the relationship between children’s behavior and parental factors.

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