scholarly journals O5E.1 Data on acknowledgment and costs of work-related mental diseases in france

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A49.1-A49
Author(s):  
Gérard Lasfargues ◽  
Pascal Jacquetin ◽  
Nathalie Vongmany ◽  
Claire Chauvet ◽  
Quentin Durand-Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Work Injuries ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
Mental Diseases

ObjectiveTo report data concerning the reality of work-related mental diseases (WRMD) in France, their acknowledgment as occupational diseases and some socio-economic data.MethodsData were collected from the French National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and from the database of the French national occupational surveillance and prevention network (rnv3p). Rnv3p collects data from French Occupational Disease Centers to identify and describe risks and/or emerging work-related diseases.ResultsData from NHIF indicate that the number of requests for acknowledgment of WRMD has increased significantly from 2012 to 2017 (200 to 1500). About 50% are acknowledged and compensated as occupational diseases. Within these affections, the share of depressions is the majority. Durations of work stoppages (more than 400 days on average) were much longer than for other occupational diseases.Mental disorders related to psychosocial risk factors may also be compensated as work injuries. In 2016, NHIF compensated over 10 000 mental disorders as work injuries, mostly caused by external events or inadequate working conditions. The proportion of people with permanent disability was 4.6%. Finally, the management of WRMD acknowledged will have represented € 230 million for the Work Injuries-Occupational Diseases branch of the NHIF.Rnv3p data are globally consistent with NHIF concerning compensated occupational mental diseases, highlighting the increase of WRMD in some sectors such as public administration, health and social action, retail business and education. Over 18000 WRMD (33% men, 67% women; mean age=46.0±8.9) were recorded in the database between 2010 and 2016, and 1833 cases of burnout situations currently non acknowledged as occupational diseases by the NHIF. Rnv3p data also illustrate the importance of under-reporting of WRMD as occupational diseases.ConclusionThen, RNV3P provides important data to assist in the acknowledgment of WRMD and to carry out preventive actions in the sectors and enterprises most concerned.

Targeting xanthine oxidase by natural products as a therapeutic approach for mental disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Martorell ◽  
Xavier Lucas ◽  
Pedro Alarcón-Zapata ◽  
Xavier Capó ◽  
Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Application ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

: Mental disorders comprise diverse human pathologies including depression, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia that affect millions of people around the world. The causes of mental disorders are unclear but growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the purine/adenosine system play a key role in their development and progression. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a flavoprotein enzyme essential for the catalysis of the oxidative hydroxylation of purines -hypoxanthine and xanthine- to generate uric acid. As a consequence of the oxidative reaction of XO, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are produced and, further, contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Altered XO activity has been associated with free radical-mediated neurotoxicity inducing cell damage and inflammation. Diverse studies reported a direct association between an increased activity of XO and diverse mental diseases including depression or schizophrenia. Small-molecule inhibitors, such as the well-known allopurinol, and dietary flavonoids, can modulate the XO activity and subsequent ROS production. In the present work, we review the available literature on XO inhibition by small molecules and their potential therapeutic application in mental disorders. In addition, we discuss the chemistry and molecular mechanism of XO inhibitors, as well as the use of structure-based and computational methods to design specific inhibitors with the capability of modulating XO activity.

Mental Diseases in Peking Between 1933 and 1943

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (442) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Wei Chu ◽  
Mei-Chen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Mental Diseases

This report is based on a survey of 1,716 Chinese patients admitted to the Peking Municipal Psychopathic Hospital during the years 1933–1943. It is mainly concerned with a statistical presentation of the relative frequency of the various mental disorders and with certain other data which may be of interest to psychiatrists and other members of the medical profession.

scholarly journals Overtime working patterns and adverse events in work-related suicide cases: hierarchical cluster analysis of national compensation data in Japan (fiscal year 2015–2016)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Nishimura ◽  
Takashi Yamauchi ◽  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Toru Yoshikawa ◽  
Masaya Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Work Related

Abstract Background Although various work-related adverse events affect workers’ mental health, the association between long working hours and mental disorders remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of overtime work and work-related adverse events among all cases of compensated work-related suicide in Japan to empirically reveal the context of the serious consequences. Methods We analysed all 167 cases of mental disorders resulting in suicide that were compensated in fiscal year 2015–2016. Hierarchical clustering was applied to the overtime working history. Work-related adverse events were also evaluated as the qualitative aspects of their jobs. Results More than half of the cases committed suicide within a month of developing a mental disorder. The Administrative and professional or engineering workers had a higher suicide rate. The clustering analysis revealed chronic long working hours (19%), gradual increase (27%), or rapid increase (25%) in working hours before the onset of a mental disorder. A group of cases with less overwork experienced more interpersonal conflicts. Conclusion This is the first study to employ a clustering technique to objectively reveal the actual working patterns behind suicide. The patterns of working overtime before the onset of mental disorders varied considerably among the cases. Taking the transition of working overtime into account may provide clearer insight into the relationship between long working hours and workers’ mental health. These results highlight the need for countermeasures especially for causes of chronic overworking, drastic increases in working hours, and interpersonal conflicts to prevent work-related suicide.

Occupational factors associated with the potential years of working life lost due to a non-work related permanent disability

Work ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Duran ◽  
José Miguel Martínez ◽  
Fernando G. Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Working Life ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Work Related

Сellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Proinflammatory Monocytes Participation in the Pathogenesis of Mental Disorders. Part 3

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
E. F. Vasilyeva ◽  
O. S. Brusov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background: at present, the important role of the monocyte-macrophage link of immunity in the pathogenesis of mental diseases has been determined. In the first and second parts of our review, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of activation of monocytes/macrophages, which secreting proinflammatory CD16 receptors, cytokines, chemokines and receptors to them, in the development of systemic immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of somatic diseases and mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and depression were analyzed. The association of high levels of proinflammatory activity of monocytes/macrophages in patients with mental disorders with somatic comorbidity, including immune system diseases, is shown. It is known that proinflammatory monocytes of peripheral blood, as a result of violation of the integrity of the hematoencephalic barrier can migrate to the central nervous system and activate the resident brain cells — microglia, causing its activation. Activation of microglia can lead to the development of neuroinammation and neurodegenerative processes in the brain and, as a result, to cognitive disorders. The aim of review: to analyze the results of the main scientific studies concerning the role of cellular and molecular mechanisms of peripheral blood monocytes interaction with microglial cells and platelets in the development of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Material and methods: keywords “mental disorders, AD, proinflammatory monocytes, microglia, neuroinflammation, cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, platelets, microvesicles” were used to search for articles of domestic and foreign authors published over the past 30 years in the databases PubMed, eLibrary, Science Direct and EMBASE. Conclusion: this review analyzes the results of studies which show that monocytes/macrophages and microglia have similar gene expression profiles in schizophrenia, BAD, depression, and AD and also perform similar functions: phagocytosis and inflammatory responses. Monocytes recruited to the central nervous system stimulate the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), chemokines, for example, MCP-1 (Monocyte chemotactic protein-1) by microglial cells. This promotes the recruitment of microglial cells to the sites of neuronal damage, and also enhances the formation of the brain protein beta-amyloid (Aβ). The results of modern studies are presented, indicating that platelets are involved in systemic inflammatory reactions, where they interact with monocytes to form monocyte-platelet aggregates (MTA), which induce the activation of monocytes with a pro inflammatory phenotype. In the last decade, it has been established that activated platelets and other cells of the immune system, including monocytes, detached microvesicles (MV) from the membrane. It has been shown that MV are involved as messengers in the transport of biologically active lipids, cytokines, complement, and other molecules that can cause exacerbation of systemic inflammatory reactions. The presented review allows us to expand our knowledge about the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction of monocytes/macrophages with microglial cells and platelets in the development of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in the pathogenesis of mental diseases and in AD, and also helps in the search for specific biomarkers of the clinical severity of mental disorder in patients and the prospects for their response to treatment.

Working conditions and occupational morbidity as a basis for risk management

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
N.A. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Russian Federation

The results of studies are presented, they allow to formulate recommendations on principal problems of unification in the field of statistics of occupational diseases. There are several definitions of occupational diseases in Russia, but they are outdated and do not correspond to the concept of occupational risk recognized in the Labour Code of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to adopt the WHO concept of work-related illnesses and give it a legal status.

Occupational health

2021 ◽  
pp. 457-472
Author(s):  
David Koh ◽  
Wee Hoe Gan
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Workplace Hazards ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lost Productivity

Occupational health is the ‘promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations’. Work-related ill-health and injuries cause considerable mortality and morbidity to workers worldwide, and are a major cause of disability, lost productivity, and sickness absence. In the occupational setting, workers may suffer from occupational diseases (those directly caused by workplace hazards); ‘work-related diseases’ (those that are multifactorial in origin with occupational exposures contributing to part of the aetiology); and non-occupational diseases that affect the general population. Primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive measures can be used to reduce the burden of disease at the workplace. Prevention of occupational ill-health requires an understanding of the work processes, the range and extent of exposures to hazards, and the steps that may be available to reduce exposure. It also requires recognition of vulnerable occupational groups such as workers in developing nations, migrant workers, child labour, women workers, and impaired workers. The standard hierarchy of control strategies for reducing exposure to workplace hazards includes elimination, substitution, isolation, engineering measures, administrative procedures, and personal protective equipment. The workplace can be a suitable venue for health promotion activities although this should not be at the expense of elimination and control of exposure to occupational hazards. As occupational health practice has evolved to consideration of health issues beyond the ‘factory gate’, the discipline now has much in common with environmental health and encompasses the philosophy and principles of good public health practice.

scholarly journals Proceedings from the CIHLMU occupational safety and health symposium 2019 “Protecting workers’ health: global challenges and opportunities in work-related respiratory diseases”

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (S14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Netsanet Workneh Gidi ◽  
Anna Suraya ◽  
Beatrice Mutayoba ◽  
Bernarda Espinoza ◽  
Bindiya Meggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

AbstractThe international CIHLMU Occupational Safety and Health Symposium 2019 was held on 16th March, 2019 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany. About 60 participants from around the world representing occupational health and safety professionals, students, instructors from several institutions in Germany and abroad, attended the symposium.The main objective of the symposium was to create awareness on global challenges and opportunities in work-related respiratory diseases. One keynote lecture and six presentations were made. While the keynote lecture addressed issues on occupational diseases in the twenty-first century, the six presentations were centered on: Prevention and control of work-related respiratory diseases, considerations; Occupational health and safety in Mining: Respiratory diseases; The prevention of TB among health workers is our collective responsibility; Compensation and prevention of occupational diseases and discussion on how artificial intelligence can support them: Overview of international approaches; Work-related Asthma: Evidence from high-income countries; and The role of imaging in the diagnosis of work- related respiratory diseases. A panel discussion was conducted following the presentations on the importance and challenges of data acquisition which is needed to have a realistic picture of the occupational safety and health status of workers at different levels. The current summary is an attempt to share the proceedings of the symposium.

scholarly journals Determinants of managerial preventive actions in relation to common mental disorders at work

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I W H van de Voort ◽  
A De Rijk ◽  
G Hensing ◽  
M Bertilsson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background Managers may prevent Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) among their subordinates due to their authority to influence the work environment. Yet, their perspective has received only limited attention in research. This study aims to increase managers’ capacity to contribute to the prevention of CMDs by exploring the determinants of two managerial preventive actions: ’reviewing assignments and the work situation’ (MPA-review) and ’taking initiative to talk about depression and anxiety at work’ (MPA-talk). Methods An online survey was sent to 4,737 Swedish managers, aged 20-65 years (71% participated, n = 3,358) in 2017, of which 2,921 were included as they answered the MPA-items. Ten possible determinants of MPAs, comprising person-, work-, and competence-related characteristics of managers were related to performing MPAs (yes or no). Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to test associations (OR with 95% CI) between each determinant and MPAs. We have adjusted for experience-related characteristics of managers and company size. Results 50% of managers initiated MPA-review and 57% MPA-talk. Managers had a higher odds to initiate respectively MPA-review and MPA-talk when being female (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.17-1.73; OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.64), working in organizations offering lectures on CMDs (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.83; OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.30-2.60) or stress counselling (OR 1.79, 95% 1.46-2.20; OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.22-1.91), having responsibility for the work environment (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.15-1.74; OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.16-1.79), or having had received training on CMDs (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.27-1.93; OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.28-2.03). Conclusions Managers report taking more actions to prevent CMDs in their workforce when they are female, have received training on CMDs or work in organisations where CMD preventive measures have been implemented. Key messages Organizations could invest in company-wide preventive measures and training to enable MPAs. Managerial education should include information on CMDs in order to improve managers’ preventive capacity.

scholarly journals O5E.3 Occupational diseases among workers in different socioeconomic positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A49.3-A50
Author(s):  
Henk van der Molen ◽  
Sanne de Vries ◽  
Judith Sluiter
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Low Back Disorders ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Increasing Trend

IntroductionTo determine differences between workers in lower and higher socioeconomic positions (SEP) in: i) incidence, trends and type of occupational disease (OD) and ii) incapacity for work due to ODs. It is hypothesized that workers in lower and higher SEP still differ in health disparities from an occupational perspective.MethodsFrom a Dutch cohort of occupational physicians (OPs), ODs assessed by OPs were retrieved over a seven year period (2010–2016) for lower and higher SEP groups. Incidence and type of OD and incapacity for work were determined for the total number of ODs and six frequently occurring ODs. Trends in incidence were estimated using a multilevel negative binominal regression model.ResultIn total, 54 per 100,000 workers in elementary occupations, machine operating and assembly jobs, as well as managerial and intellectual jobs during 2016 had an OD diagnosed and reported by an OP, from which 98 per 100,000 were for lower SEP, and 36 per 100,000 for higher SEP. Among the lower SEP, musculoskeletal disorders (37%) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) (32%) comprised two-thirds of the OD diagnoses. Among the higher SEP, distress/burnout comprised 60% of the OD diagnoses, with an increasing trend (6%; 95% CI: 3%-8%). Incapacity for work due to work-related low back disorders (69% vs 9%) and shoulder-, arm- and wrist disorders (89% vs 47%) differed significantly between workers in lower compared to higher SEP.DiscussionOccupational diseases occur at a 2.7 higher incidence rate for workers in lower SEP compared with higher SEP. Incapacity for work due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders are higher for workers in lower SEP compared with higher SEP, suggesting fewer opportunities to modify work tasks and working circumstances for lower SEP. Psychosocial risk factors constitute the greatest problem for workers in higher SEP, resulting in distress/burnout, accompanied by incapacity for work.

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