scholarly journals Technology-induced job loss risk, disability and all-cause mortality in Norway

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107598
Author(s):  
Bernt Bratsberg ◽  
Ole Rogeberg ◽  
Vegard Skirbekk
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Population Coverage ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Employment Disability ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Individual Covariates ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundOngoing shifts in economic structure from automation and globalisation can affect employment and mortality, yet these relations are not well described.ObjectiveWe assess whether long-term employment and health outcomes relate systematically to structural change in the labour market, using the occupational Routine Task Intensity (RTI) score as indicator of exposure is to risks of outsourcing and technology-induced job loss.MethodsUsing a cohort design and administrative data with national population coverage, we categorise all Norwegian employees in 2003 by the RTI score of their occupation and examine how this score correlates with employment and health outcomes measured in 2018 and 2019. The study sample counts 416 003 men and 376 413 women aged 33–52 in 2003.ResultsThe occupational RTI score at baseline is robustly associated with long-term employment, disability and mortality outcomes. Raw correlations are reduced after adjustment for potential confounders, but associations remain substantial in models controlling for individual covariates and in sibling comparisons. Working in an occupation with RTI score 1 SD above the mean in 2003 is associated with a raised probability of being deceased in 2019 of 0.24 percentage points (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.30) for men and 0.13 percentage points (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.24) for women, corresponding to raised mortality rates of 6.7% and 5.5%.ConclusionsIndividuals in occupations characterised by high routine intensity are less likely to remain employed in the long term, and have higher rates of disability and mortality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the long-term prognostic ability of triglyceride-glucose index for elderly acute coronary syndrome patients: a cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Yongkang Su ◽  
Jian Shen ◽  
Xiaoling Hou ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
World Population ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Background With the advancement of the world population aging, more attention should be paid to the prognosis of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable indicator of insulin resistance (IR) and is closely related to traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the effect of TyG index on the prognosis of long-term adverse events in elderly ACS patients has not been reported. This study evaluated the prognostic power of TyG index in predicting adverse events in elderly ACS patients. Methods In this study, 662 ACS patients > 80 years old who were hospitalized from January 2006 to December 2012 were enrolled consecutively and the general clinical data and baseline blood biochemical indicators were collected. The follow-up time after discharge was 40–120 months (median, 63 months; interquartile range, 51‒74 months). In addition, the following formula was used to calculate the TyG index: Ln [fasting TG (mg/dL) × FBG (mg/dL)/2], and patients were divided into three groups according to the tertile of the TyG index. Results The mean age of the subjects was 81.87 ± 2.14 years, the proportion of females was 28.10%, and the mean TyG index was 8.76 ± 0.72. The TyG index was closely associated with the traditional risk factors of CVD. In the fully-adjusted Cox regression model, the Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause mortality (in tertile 3) was 1.64 (1.06, 2.54) and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) (in tertile 3) was 1.36 (1.05, 1.95) for each SD increase in the TyG index. The subgroup analyses also confirmed the significant association of the TyG index and long-term prognosis. Conclusion The TyG index is an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality and MACE in elderly ACS patients.

Ex post adjustment for measurement error in stunting calculations: an illustration from Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Figueroa ◽  
Sikandra Kurdi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjective:The present study provides ranges for the magnitude of bias caused by measurement error in stunting rates, a widely used a proxy for long-term nutritional status.Design:Stunting, which is determined by the number of cases that fall below −2 sd from the mean height-for-age in the population, mechanically increases with higher variance. This variance stems from both natural heterogeneity in the population and measurement error. To isolate the effect of measurement error, we model the true distributions which could give rise to the observed distributions after subtracting a simulated measurement error.Setting:We analyse information from three rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Egypt (2005, 2008 and 2014). Egypt ranks high among developing countries with low-quality anthropometric data collected in the DHS, currently the main source of anthropometry in the country.Participants:The study relies on re-analysis of existing DHS data, which record height, weight and age data for children under 5 years old.Results:Under the most conservative assumptions about measurement error, the stunting rate falls by 4 percentage points for the most recent DHS round, while assuming higher levels of measurement error reduces the stunting rate more dramatically.Conclusions:Researchers should be aware of and adjust for data quality concerns in calculating stunting rates for cross-survey comparisons or in communicating to policy makers.

Abstract 12876: Impact of Anesthesia Type on Short- and Long-term Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The Cleveland Clinic Experience

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Sammour ◽  
Jimmy L Kerrigan ◽  
Rama D Gajulapalli ◽  
Kinjal Banerjee ◽  
Sanchit Chawla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The early approach was to perform transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) under general anesthesia (GA). Over time, monitored anesthesia care (MAC) has been introduced as a less invasive option to facilitate TAVR. Objective: We sought to compare short- and long-term outcomes between TAVR patients undergoing GA versus those receiving MAC. Methods: We identified all consecutive patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent Transfemoral (TF)-TAVR at our institution between January 2012 and April 2017. Results: We included 998 patients who met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the mean age was 80.4 ± 9.7 years, 57.4% were males and 95.2% were Caucasians. MAC was used in 43.9%. The mean STS risk score (SD) was lower with MAC (6.7 ± 4.3% vs. 7.6 ± 4.5%; p = 0.004). MAC was associated with lower all-cause mortality at both 30 days (0.5% vs. 4.2%; log-rank p < 0.001), and 1 year (11.7% vs. 16%; log-rank p = 0.024). However, this difference was negated at 3 years (37% vs. 39%; log-rank p = 0.271). Further, there were no differences in major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at either 30 days (4.6% vs. 7.6%; log-rank p = 0.089) or 1 year (21.5% vs. 24.2%; log-rank p = 0.242). There were no differences in the rates of myocardial infarction (1.6% vs. 0.9%; log-rank p = 0.375), stroke or transient ischemic attacks (3.1% vs. 3.4%; log-rank p = 0.817) or heart failure hospitalizations (9.6% vs. 9.5%; log-rank p = 0.815) at 1 year. In multivariate analysis, MAC predicted lower all-cause death at 1 year after TAVR (HR 0.672; 95% CI 0.453 - 0.996; p = 0.048) but not at 3 years (HR 0.882 (0.705 - 1.103; p = 0.271). MAC was not an independent predictor of MACCE (HR 0.851; 95% CI 0.643 - 1.126; p = 0.258). Conclusions: Compared to GA, MAC was associated with lower all-cause mortality at both 30 days and 1 year, but not at 3 years. There were no differences in MACCE between the two groups at either 30 days or 1 year.

Abstract 13907: Patients With NSTEMI Are at Higher Risk, Have Worse Outcomes, but Less Intense Cardiology Follow-up 1-3 Years Post-discharge: Findings From the TIGRIS Registry

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibi N Krishnamurthy ◽  
Stuart Pocock ◽  
Prashant Kaul ◽  
Ruth Owen ◽  
Jiyan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Introduction: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients have more comorbidities and extensive CAD than STEMI patients. However, there is a need for comparative data on the long-term prognosis and resource utilization of stable patients after these MI subtypes. Methods: TIGRIS enrolled 9027 stable patients 1-3 years post-MI (369 centers, 25 countries) with ≥1 risk factor (age ≥65 years, diabetes, 2nd prior MI, multivessel CAD, CKD). The incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events and deaths, and self-reported EQ-D5 score were recorded over 2 years. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to compare STEMI and NSTEMI patients for relative risks, adjusting for prognostically relevant patient factors. Results: MI subtype was known in 8494 patients (STEMI: 56%; NSTEMI: 44%). At enrollment, NSTEMI patients were more likely to be older, have diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and prior CAD compared with STEMI patients. NSTEMI patients had significantly poorer self-rated health and a lower use of dual antiplatelet therapy at discharge and 1-3 years later. NSTEMI patients had a higher incidence of the composite of MI, stroke and CV death over 2 years (5.6% vs 4.0%, p<0.001) and higher all-cause mortality (4.1% vs 2.6%, p<0.001) vs STEMI patients (Figure). These excess risks for the composite outcome attenuated after adjusting for baseline characteristics (adj RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.96-1.45, p=0.11), but remained significant for all-cause mortality (adj RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02-1.68, p=0.03). Resource utilization over 2 years was higher in NSTEMI patients, although the mean number of cardiologist visits were higher for STEMI patients (4.2 vs 2.8, p<0.001). Conclusions: NSTEMI patients had a less favorable risk profile and experienced more adverse CV events during long-term follow-up than STEMI patients, but had less intense cardiology follow-up. Continued efforts are needed to optimize secondary prevention and care of stable patients after NSTEMI.

scholarly journals Thyroid replacement therapy, thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, and long term health outcomes in patients with hypothyroidism: longitudinal study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l4892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasiah Thayakaran ◽  
Nicola J Adderley ◽  
Christopher Sainsbury ◽  
Barbara Torlinska ◽  
Kristien Boelaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Ischaemic Attack

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in patients with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism is associated with increased all cause mortality and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and fractures.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe Health Improvement Network (THIN), a database of electronic patient records from UK primary care.ParticipantsAdult patients with incident hypothyroidism from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2017.ExposureTSH concentration in patients with hypothyroidism.Main outcome measuresIschaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, atrial fibrillation, any fractures, fragility fractures, and mortality. Longitudinal TSH measurements from diagnosis to outcomes, study end, or loss to follow-up were collected. An extended Cox proportional hazards model with TSH considered as a time varying covariate was fitted for each outcome.Results162 369 patients with hypothyroidism and 863 072 TSH measurements were included in the analysis. Compared with the reference TSH category (2-2.5 mIU/L), risk of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure increased at high TSH concentrations (>10 mIU/L) (hazard ratio 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.38; P=0.03) and 1.42 (1.21 to 1.67; P<0.001), respectively). A protective effect for heart failure was seen at low TSH concentrations (hazard ratio 0.79 (0.64 to 0.99; P=0.04) for TSH <0.1 mIU/L and 0.76 (0.62 to 0.92; P=0.006) for 0.1-0.4 mIU/L). Increased mortality was observed in both the lowest and highest TSH categories (hazard ratio 1.18 (1.08 to 1.28; P<0.001), 1.29 (1.22 to 1.36; P<0.001), and 2.21 (2.07 to 2.36; P<0.001) for TSH <0.1 mIU/L, 4-10 mIU/L, and >10 mIU/L. An increase in the risk of fragility fractures was observed in patients in the highest TSH category (>10 mIU/L) (hazard ratio 1.15 (1.01 to 1.31; P=0.03)).ConclusionsIn patients with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism, no evidence was found to suggest a clinically meaningful difference in the pattern of long term health outcomes (all cause mortality, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, fractures) when TSH concentrations were within recommended normal limits. Evidence was found for adverse health outcomes when TSH concentration is outside this range, particularly above the upper reference value.

Mental Health Among Adolescents from Returned Portuguese Immigrant Families

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

This study investigated mental health problems and their predictors among adolescents from returned immigrant families. The sample consisted of 360 returned adolescents (mean age = 16.8 years; SD = 1.9). The mean duration of a sojourn in Portugal for the sample was 8.2 years (SD = 4.5). A control group of 217 Portuguese youths were also included in the study. Adolescents from immigrant families reported mental health levels similar to those of Portuguese adolescents who have never migrated. Girls showed more mental health problems than boys. Younger adolescents showed fewer mental health problems than older adolescents. Adaptation variables contributed to mental health outcomes even after acculturation variables were accounted for. Implications of the study for counselors are discussed.

Acute and Chronic Changes in Platelet Volume and Count After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Induced Thrombocytopenia in Man

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Martin ◽  
T D Daniel ◽  
E A Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Mean

SummaryPatients undergoing surgery for coronary artery bypass graft or heart valve replacement had their platelet count and mean volume measured pre-operatively, immediately post-operatively and serially for up to 48 days after the surgical procedure. The mean pre-operative platelet count of 1.95 ± 0.11 × 1011/1 (n = 26) fell significantly to 1.35 ± 0.09 × 1011/1 immediately post-operatively (p <0.001) (n = 22), without a significant alteration in the mean platelet volume. The average platelet count rose to a maximum of 5.07 ± 0.66 × 1011/1 between days 14 and 17 after surgery while the average mean platelet volume fell from preparative and post-operative values of 7.25 ± 0.14 and 7.20 ± 0.14 fl respectively to a minimum of 6.16 ± 0.16 fl by day 20. Seven patients were followed for 32 days or longer after the operation. By this time they had achieved steady state thrombopoiesis and their average platelet count was 2.44 ± 0.33 × 1011/1, significantly higher than the pre-operative value (p <0.05), while their average mean platelet volume was 6.63 ± 0.21 fl, significantly lower than before surgery (p <0.001). The pre-operative values for the platelet volume and counts of these patients were significantly different from a control group of 32 young males, while the chronic post-operative values were not. These long term changes in platelet volume and count may reflect changes in the thrombopoietic control system secondary to the corrective surgery.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

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