Effect of deworming on milk production in dairy cattle and buffaloes infected with gastrointestinal parasites in the Kavrepalanchowk district of central Nepal

BackgroundIn Nepal, knowledge of proper handling, management and causes of cattle diseases is still limited. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of deworming on milk production and its effect on milk qualities.MethodsA total of 200 faecal samples (100 buffaloes and 100 cows) were collected and analysed for parasitic burden. Half of the infected cattle (buffaloes, Bos bubalis; cow native, B indicus; European, B taurus) were then dewormed with Levamisole Hydrochloride-Oxyclozanide bolus, and the remaining 50 per cent were left untreated. The milk yield from both infected and dewormed cattle was recorded for 30 days and the qualities of milk were analysed.ResultsThe prevalence of parasitic infection was found to be 22.0 per cent. Fasciola hepatica was the predominant parasite (81.8 per cent), followed by Toxocara vitulorum (34.1 per cent), Strongyloidespapillosus (6.8 per cent) and Bunostomum phlebotomum (4.5 per cent). The average milk yield (litre/day/cow) significantly increased, which was 1.22 litres per day for treated cows and 1.06 litres for treated buffaloes. The intervention effect of deworming among cows was 0.79 (14.06 per cent increment) and for buffaloes was 0.42 (8.32 per cent increment). After deworming the infected cattle, the protein percentage was significantly improved in cows (P=0.035), whereas the lactose percentage and solid percentage had increased significantly in buffaloes (P=0.002 and P=0.028).ConclusionAntiparasitic treatment in cattle had positive effects on milk qualities such as solid non-fat, lactose, solid percentage and total protein percentage.

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Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and sheep in three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.48-54 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Pinilla Leon ◽

Nelson Uribe Delgado ◽

Angel Alberto Florez

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Age Group ◽

Statistical Association ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cattle and sheep from three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain. Materials and Methods: Overall, 200 fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum in cattle and sheep. The presence of helminths eggs and coccidial oocysts in fecal samples was detected using McMaster and Dennis techniques. Identification of eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: The global prevalence of GI parasites was 56.3%. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the three municipalities. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in sheep (63%) as compared to that of cattle (50.5%), but the difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). The most prevalent parasites were Eimeria spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Strongylida order. Regarding the results for Eimeria spp., different degrees of positivity were observed, but there was no statistical association (p>0.05) with respect to the age group. Likewise, there was no statistical association (p>0.05) between the prevalence for Strongylida order and F. hepatica with respect to the age group. Conclusion: Cattle and sheep in Colombian Northeastern Mountain were infected with helminths and coccidia. The prevalence values of GI parasites were moderate in both species warranting treatment. The presence of F. hepatica represents a risk factor to health public. Future studies are required to evaluate the parasitic dynamics throughout the year and the impact on animal production.

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Characteristics of the productive-economic indicators of cows of Yaroslavl breed of different genotypes

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2020-192-1-43-52 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

N. Kosyachenko ◽

Marina Abramova ◽

M. Lapina

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Live Weight ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Blood Fraction ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Aim. The study of the influence of crossbriding on the growth and development of heifers and subsequent productive and reproductive qualities of cows on the first lactation. Methods. Using statistical methods, correlation analysis and ANOVA for evaluated genetic indicators of economic-valuable traits of dairy cattle. In particular was studied live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months, first insemination age and first fecundation age, live weight at fecundation, frequency of insemination, first calving age, days open, live weight at first lactation, milk yield for 305 days (kg), fat (%, kg) and protein (%, kg) in milk. Results. Relationship between productive indicators and the genotype of the animal is established. When assessing the strength of the influence of the factor «blood on the Holstein breed» it was found that the greatest impact can be traced at the age of 6 and 18 months, and is respectively 12.7 % and 17.1 %.The reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows decreased with the increase percent of blood in the Holstein breed. Evaluation of the impact of crossbreeding on milk production at first lactation has revealed significant strong influence on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation, and related signs the amount of milk fat and protein. According to qualitative indicators, the low influence of the Holstein blood fraction was found, while to a greater extent on the fat content than on the protein content in milk. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic correlations of milk yield and quality components of milk revealed average negative phenotypic and low negative genotypic correlation in all groups. The exception was in heifers of Yaroslavl breed with percent of Holstein blood less than 50 %, in which the relationship of yield x protein was positive. The relationship between milk yield and fat and protein content in milk has the opposite moderate character and strength. Practical significance. Studies was established that breeding of animals of Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds in one herd allows to receive an optimum ratio of milk production with optimal percentage fat and protein. For this herd among animals of the improved genotypes of the Yaroslavl breed, the use of genotypes with a percent of blood in the Holstein breed from 75.1 % to 87.6 % is optimal, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls to the breeding program.

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Using quantile regression for fitting lactation curve in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029919000013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Hossein Naeemipour Younesi ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Shariati ◽

Saeed Zerehdaran ◽

Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi ◽

Peter Løvendahl

Keyword(s):

Quantile Regression ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Breeding Center

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to compare the performance of different ‘nonlinear quantile regression’ models evaluated at theτth quantile (0·25, 0·50, and 0·75) of milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Data were collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 1991 to 2011, comprising 101 051 monthly milk production traits and SCS records of 13 977 cows in 183 herds. Incomplete gamma (Wood), exponential (Wilmink), Dijkstra and polynomial (Ali & Schaeffer) functions were implemented in the quantile regression. Residual mean square, Akaike information criterion and log-likelihood from different models and quantiles indicated that in the same quantile, the best models were Wilmink for milk yield, Dijkstra for fat percentage and Ali & Schaeffer for protein percentage. Over all models the best model fit occurred at quantile 0·50 for milk yield, fat and protein percentage, whereas, for SCS the 0·25th quantile was best. The best model to describe SCS was Dijkstra at quantiles 0·25 and 0·50, and Ali & Schaeffer at quantile 0·75. Wood function had the worst performance amongst all traits. Quantile regression is specifically appropriate for SCS which has a mixed multimodal distribution.

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Simulating the effect of climate on star grass growth and quality and its capacity to support milk production in the tropical regions of Mexico

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20130987 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1486-1493 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilberto Yong Angel ◽

Vicente Celestino Pires Silveira ◽

Francisca Avilés Nova ◽

Octavio Alonso Castelán Ortega

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Production Systems ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Small Scale ◽

Data Set ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Grass Growth

The objective of the present study was to simulate the effect of the seasonal variation of climate on the nutritional value and dry matter yield of star grass and its capacity to support milk production alone or with concentrate supplementation in small-scale milk production systems in the tropical regions of Mexico. Two mathematical simulation models were used, the first model simulates the growth and yield of star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus), and the second model simulates the productive performance of dairy cows. Both models were integrated in a decision-making support system (DSSTROP). Model's predictions were validated by a calibration exercise for each data set from three experiments on the effect of concentrate supplementation on milk yield. The DSSTROP predictions and the results from the experiments were compared by regression analysis. The results suggest that the DSSTROP adequately predicts milk production (R2=0.74). The DSSTROP predictions suggest that milk production based solely on star grass may occur only between June to August. The highest milk yield (8.5kg cow-1 day-1) sustained solely on grass was achieved in June, followed by lower yields of <5kg cow-1 day-1 in July and August. Milk production without concentrates can be explained by the positive effects of the rain observed during June to August on grass growth, and to the fact that grass quality is best at the beginning of the rainy season. It is concluded that June to August is the best time of the year for milk production base solely on grass. It also was concluded that the use of large quantities of concentrates by farmers may be justified because milk production with star grass alone may not be possible especially during the dry season.

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To the question of evaluating the efficiency of linear breeding in Simmental cattle breed different origin

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2020-197-6-49-57 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 197 (6) ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

L. Ignat'eva ◽

A. Konte ◽

A. Sermyagin

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Production Traits ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Foreign Origin ◽

Simmental Cattle ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The purpose of the research – to study the impact of related foreign pedigree resources on the Russian population of Simmental cattle. Research Methods. Studies carried out on cows of Simmental breed of different linear origin and genotypes in five regions of Russian Federation: Voronezh, Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod regions and Altayskiy krai, the total number was 35147 cows. EBV estimates were calculated through RENUMF 90, REMLF 90 and BLUPF 90 programs. Evaluation of the components of the variants of genetic and paratypical nature was carried out using the method restricted maximum likelihood – REML. Results. It is established that the largest share for animals foreign origin are 60.7 %, including German-Austrian bloodlines 46.6 % and Holsteins – 14.1 %. 39.3 % of animals are the Russian origin, which 13.5 % representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines, 17.8 % are Holsteins and 8.0 % are from domestic (Russian) bloodlines. In the general population of Simmental breed, the best productivity was shown by cows of German-Austrian bloodlines at the level of 5351 kg of milk with fat percentage 4.00 % and protein percentage 3.19 %. Representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines origin for milk yield showed the estimated breeding value (EBV) for Simmental bulls in the common population by +9.2 kg and fat percentage by +0.012 %. The negative EBV values were obtained for Russian bloodlines by –22.8 kg, and Holstein bloodlines took an intermediate position among all lines (+2.3 kg). The first calving cows, which were in the herd at the time of research, the best milk production traits were found in individuals of foreign origin, both for Holstein (6096 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.96 % and protein 3.23 %), and German-Austrian bloodlines (milk yield 5763 kg, fat 4.04 % and protein 3.19 %), with high estimates of breeding value for milk yield +33.3 kg and +15.2 kg, respectively. Low values of milk productivity among all evaluated animals were observed for animals of Russian bloodlines by 4469 kg milk 3.87 % fat and 3.20 % protein in milk. The first calving cows of Russian origin in foreign bloodlines origin exceeded their peers in Russian Simmental bloodlines in milk production by +608 kg of milk and +0.15 % fat (signed to German-Austrian bloodlines) and +924 kg and +0.06 % fat (signed to Holstein bloodlines). The average values of EBV in these lines, although had low values by –5.6 kg milk for Holstein and by +2.7 kg milk for German-Austrian bloodlines, but was significantly higher than for Russian lines by –12.7 kg milk. Scientific novelty. For the first time, scientific research aimed at improving the system of prediction to breeding abilities of bulls on dairy productivity of daughters based on optimization structure of equations of the mixed model (BLUP, the best linear unbiased prediction) has been carried out for the population Simmental cattle of Russian Federation.

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Associations between polymorphisms of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B genes and Milk production traits in Chinese Holstein

BMC Genomic Data ◽

10.1186/s12863-021-01002-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ruike Jia ◽

Yihan Fu ◽

Lingna Xu ◽

Houcheng Li ◽

Yanhua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Production ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Percentage Protein

Abstract Background Our preliminary work confirmed that, SLC22A7 (solute carrier family 22 member 7), NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), ARNTL (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like) and PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bβ) genes were differentially expressed in dairy cows during different stages of lactation, and involved in the lipid metabolism through insulin, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways, so we considered these four genes as the candidates affecting milk production traits. In this study, we detected polymorphisms of the four genes and verified their genetic effects on milk yield and composition traits in a Chinese Holstein cow population. Results By resequencing the whole coding region and part of the flanking region of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B, we totally found 20 SNPs, of which five were located in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR, three in ARNTL, and four in PPP2R2B. Using Haploview4.2, we found three haplotype blocks including five SNPs in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR and three in ARNTL. Single-SNP association analysis showed that 19 out of 20 SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage in the first and second lactations (P < 0.05). Haplotype-based association analysis showed that the three haplotypes were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage (P < 0.05). Further, we used SOPMA software to predict a SNP, 19:g.37095131C > T in NGFR, changed the structure of NGFR protein. In addition, we used Jaspar software to found that four SNPs, 19:g.37113872C > G,19:g.37113157C > T, and 19:g.37112276C > T in NGFR and 15:g.39320936A > G in ARNTL, could change the transcription factor binding sites and might affect the expression of the corresponding genes. These five SNPs might be the potential functional mutations for milk production traits in dairy cattle. Conclusions In summary, we proved that SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B have significant genetic effects on milk production traits. The valuable SNPs can be used as candidate genetic markers for genomic selection of dairy cattle, and the effects of these SNPs on other traits need to be further verified.

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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites on Beef Cattle in Jombang District

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v5i2.30367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Melda Mufidatul Ifqiyyah ◽

Boedi Setiawan ◽

Agus Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Toxocara Vitulorum ◽

Cattle Feces ◽

Feces Sample ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Blastocystis Spp ◽

Protozoan Infections

The disease that is quite detrimental to cattle is gastrointestinal parasitic infection. Gastrointestinal parasites infect the cattle by taking host nutrients that would caused emaciation, lethargy, and decreased productivity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Jombang District. This research was conducted in July to August 2019 with 100 samples of cattle feces. Sample examinations were carried out in the laboratory of the Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Universitas Airlangga using the sedimentation and floating methods. Detection of parasites in all samples using microscope with magnification of 100x and 400x. On examination, several types of parasites were found included Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara vitulorum, Oesophagostomum spp., Moniezia expansa, Blastocystis spp. and Eimeria spp. The results of this study were found the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites on beef cattle in Jombang district was 35% with a worm infection prevalence of 15% and protozoan infections of 20%.

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Practices to Reduce Milk Carbon Footprint on Grazing Dairy Farms in Southern Uruguay: Case Studies

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v3n2p1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carolina Lizarralde ◽

Valentin Picasso ◽

C. Alan Rotz ◽

Monica Cadenazzi ◽

Laura Astigarraga

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Feeding Management ◽

The Impact

<p>Carbon footprint (CF) is an increasingly important indicator of the impact of a product on climate change. This study followed international guidelines to quantify the CF of milk produced on 24 grazing-based dairy farms in southern Uruguay. Cows grazed all year-round and were supplemented with concentrate feeds. Dairy farms varied in annual milk yield per cow (5672 ± 1245 kg fat and protein corrected milk [FPCM]), milk production per ha (4075 ± 1360 kg FPCM/ha), cow stocking rate (0.71 ± 0.12 cows/ha), feed intake (13.3 ± 2.2 kg dry matter [DM]/cow/day) and percentage of concentrate in the diet (36 ± 12% DM) giving an average CF of 0.99 ± 0.10 kg CO<sub>2</sub> (equivalent [eq]/kg FPCM) over all farms. Total milk production per ha, milk yield per cow and dry matter intake explained most of the variation in CF. Strategies that provide the highest milk production per ha using high yielding cows and a high portion of lactating cows in the herd were identified as the best management practices for reducing CF. Low forage intake in Uruguay is often a consequence of low yielding pastures and high stocking rates. Overall, this study concluded that a reduction in CF is not achieved through increased concentrate intake unless forage consumption is also unconstrained. Improved pasture and feeding management can be used to reduce the CF of milk produced in Uruguay.</p>

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The impact of controlled breeding on milk production in pastoral goats in northern Kenya: an application of polynomial growth curve fitting

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859603002995 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 140 (3) ◽

pp. 357-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. HARY

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Growth Curve ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Polynomial Growth ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Yield Data ◽

Northern Kenya ◽

The Impact

The paper investigates the effect of controlled seasonal breeding on milk production in a herd of Small East African (SEA) goats. Polynomial growth curve models were fitted to both daily and cumulative milk yield data obtained from an experiment conducted over a period of 4 years (1984–88) under simulated pastoral herd management in Isiolo District, northern Kenya. The experimental treatment consisted of six different mating seasons per year, which were replicated three times over the course of the experiment.Milk yields in the first 2 weeks of lactation were negatively affected (<400 g/day) when kidding took place between June and September, whereas maximum initial yields of about 450 to 550 g/day were achieved at the onset and during the long rainy season. Multiple peaks in milk yield curves were observed when a rainy season occurred after about the first half of the lactation period. In terms of total amount of milk produced until 28 weeks of lactation, the production system could benefit from the introduction of a restricted breeding management allowing does to be bred in the period from June to November, with total milk yields being estimated at approximately 60 kg of milk. Maximum milk production until weaning can be expected to be achieved by does mated between October and January (between 46 and 48 kg of milk). The present experiment has revealed that mating just prior to or during the long rainy season leads to low milk yields until weaning and significantly increases the incidence of early kid deaths.It is concluded that evaluating milk production in goat herds exposed to strong seasonal changes in forage supply is perhaps best carried out in terms of cumulative milk yields, instead of average daily yields, which are subject to large fluctuations. Furthermore, under these conditions fitting polynomial growth curves to longitudinal milk yield data using the general linear mixed model appears to be more appropriate than the estimation of non-linear algebraic lactation curves.

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EFFECTS OF TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON MILK PRODUCTION

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas78-083 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 631-637

Author(s):

JOHN HODGES ◽

P. G. HILEY ◽

J. FROESE

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Initial Increase ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Gradual Decline ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Change Period ◽

Percentage Protein

The effects on production of moving a herd of 27 Ayrshire milking cows from one environment to a totally different one, with changed methods of feeding, milking and housing, were studied. Following a pre-change period of 105 days, during which each cow was recorded on alternate days for yield of milk and fat, lactose and protein percentages, the immediate effects of the change, the recovery if any, and permanent changes in production were analyzed over a 19-day period. All traits were affected in mean levels, except protein percentage. Milk yield fell by 2.6 kg (13.0%), fat percentage increased by 0.43 units (10.0%), and lactose percentage fell by 0.23 units (4.8%). Protein percentage was unaltered throughout. Milk yield and lactose percentage did not change after the immediate drop. Fat percentage returned linearly from the initial increase, to expectation at 11 days after the change, and continued to decline for another 8 days. The variances of all the traits were temporarily inflated by factors of 2,5,3 and 3 for milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage and lactose percentage, respectively. The gradual decline to normal, pre-change variance levels took 7–8 days for compositional traits and 10 days for milk yield. Estimates of these means, variances and coefficients of variation are given.

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