Temporal efficacy of antimicrobials against aerobic bacteria isolated from equine endometritis: an Italian retrospective analysis (2010–2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (19) ◽  
pp. 598-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pisello ◽  
Elisa Rampacci ◽  
Valentina Stefanetti ◽  
Francesca Beccati ◽  
Doreene Rose Hyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

This study aimed to describe bacteria isolated from the reproductive tract of mares and to identify changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to those antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of equine endometritis. A total of 4122 equine uterine swabs were collected from mares suffering from reproductive tract disorders in the period 2010–2017. Aerobic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using agar disc diffusion were performed on each sample. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 3171 of 4122 (76.9 per cent) samples. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (885/3171, 27.9 per cent) and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (791/3171, 24.9 per cent), confirming previous findings from the literature. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E coli, S equi subspecies zooepidemicus and Klebsiella pneumoniae changed over time. A statistically significant decrease in antimicrobial efficacy of cefquinome against E coli was observed over the years, as well as of ampicillin, cefquinome and penicillin against S equi subspecies zooepidemicus. The high frequency of resistant bacteria isolated in the present work proceeds in the same way as indicated by surveillance data on the huge antibiotic use in Italy. As a result, testing and monitoring programmes of antimicrobial efficacy are crucial to consciously using antibiotics and preserving their effectiveness both for veterinary and human medicine.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Turkey Meat from Southern Ontario, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA COOK ◽  
RICHARD REID-SMITH ◽  
REBECCA IRWIN ◽  
SCOTT A. McEWEN ◽  
ALFONSO VALDIVIESO-GARCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Very High ◽  
Potential Public Health ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

This study estimated the prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli isolated from fresh retail turkey purchased at grocery stores in Ontario, Canada. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined and assessed for potential public health risk. From February 2003 to May 2004, 465 raw turkey meat samples were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for Campylobacter isolates with a concentration gradient test and for Salmonella and E. coli isolates with a broth microdilution assay. Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 188 (46%) of 412 samples. The prevalence of resistance to one or more antimicrobials was 168 (81%) of 208. For antimicrobials of very high human health importance (category I of Health Canada's antimicrobial categorization), 12 (6%) of 208 Campylobacter isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant. Salmonella isolates were recovered from 95 (24%) of 397 samples. The prevalence of resistance to one or more antimicrobials was 50 (49%) of 102, and 13 (13%) of 102 samples were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. For category I antimicrobials, 14 (14%) of 102 and 1 (1%) of 102 isolates were resistant to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, respectively. E. coli isolates were recovered from 392 (95%) of 412 turkey samples. The prevalence of resistance to one or more antimicrobials was 906 (71%) of 1,281, and 225 (18%) of 1,281 samples were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. For category I antimicrobials, 30 (2%) of 1,281 samples were resistant to ceftiofur. This study demonstrated that raw turkey pieces are a potential source of human exposure to enteric pathogens, including antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, if undercooked or improperly handled.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Raw Meats, Ready-to-Eat Meats, and Their Related Samples in One Health Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Frederick Adzitey ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Amir Husni Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Raw Meats

Meat is an important food source that can provide a significant amount of protein for human development. The occurrence of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials in meat poses a public health risk. This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (Escherichia coli) isolated from raw meats, ready-to-eat (RTE) meats and their related samples in Ghana. E. coli was isolated using the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Of the 200 examined meats and their related samples, 38% were positive for E. coli. Notably, E. coli was highest in raw beef (80%) and lowest in RTE pork (0%). The 45 E. coli isolates were resistant ≥ 50% to amoxicillin, trimethoprim and tetracycline. They were susceptible to azithromycin (87.1%), chloramphenicol (81.3%), imipenem (74.8%), gentamicin (72.0%) and ciprofloxacin (69.5%). A relatively high intermediate resistance of 33.0% was observed for ceftriaxone. E. coli from raw meats, RTE meats, hands of meat sellers and working tools showed some differences and similarities in their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. Half (51.1%) of the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The E. coli isolates showed twenty-two different resistant patterns, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.0 to 0.7. The resistant pattern amoxicillin (A, n = 6 isolates) and amoxicillin-trimethoprim (A-TM, n = 6 isolates) were the most common. This study documents that raw meats, RTE meats and their related samples in Ghana are potential sources of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and pose a risk for the transfer of resistant bacteria to the food chain, environment and humans.

scholarly journals Sepsis in cancer patients residing in Zimbabwe: Spectrum of bacterial and fungal aetiologies and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK CHINOWAITA ◽  
Wendy Chaka ◽  
Tinashe K Nyazika ◽  
Tendai C Maboreke ◽  
Inam Chitsike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Introduction: Cancer and sepsis comorbidity is a major public health problem in most parts of the world including Zimbabwe. The microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their antibiograms vary with time and locations. Knowledge on local microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their susceptibility patterns is critical in guiding empirical antimicrobial treatment choices. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study which determined the microbial aetiologies of sepsis from blood cultures of paediatric and adult cancer patients obtained between July 2016 and June 2017. The TDR-X120 blood culture system and TDR 300B auto identification machine were used for incubation of blood culture bottles and identification plus antimicrobial susceptibility testing, respectively. Results: A total of 142 participants were enrolled; 50 (35.2%) had positive blood cultures with 56.0% gram positive, 42.0% gram negative bacteria and 2.0% yeast isolates. Most common isolates were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (22.0%), Escherichia coli (16.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (14.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.0%) in all cancer patients. These isolates were similar in both haematological and solid cancers. Amikacin and meropenem showed 85.7% and 95.2% activity respectively against all gram negative isolates while vancomycin and linezolid were effective against 96.2% and 100.0% of all gram positive isolates respectively. Ten (66.7%) isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive and the same proportion was observed on methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus species. Conclusions: The major microbial aetiologies of sepsis among patients with cancer in Zimbabwe were CoNS, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis and S. aureus. Most isolates were resistant to commonly used empirical antibiotics and there was high level of ESBL and methicillin resistance carriage. A nationwide survey on microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their susceptibility patterns would assist in the guidance of effective sepsis empiric antimicrobial treatment among patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospital Wastewater Compared to Community Wastewater

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3449
Author(s):  
Cristina-Mirabela Gaşpar ◽  
Ludovic Toma Cziszter ◽  
Cristian Florin Lăzărescu ◽  
Ioan Ţibru ◽  
Marius Pentea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

This study aimed to compare the antibiotic resistance levels of the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli in wastewater samples collected from two hospitals and two urban communities. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 81 E. coli isolates (47 from hospitals and 34 from communities) using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methodology. Ten antibiotics from nine different classes were chosen. The strains isolated from the community wastewater, compared to those from the hospital wastewater, were not resistant to gentamicin (p = 0.03), but they showed a significantly higher susceptibility—increased exposure to ceftazidime (p = 0.001). Multidrug resistance was observed in 85.11% of the hospital wastewater isolates and 73.53% of the community isolates (p > 0.05). The frequency of the presumed carbapenemase-producing E. coli was higher among the community isolates (76.47% compared to 68.09%) (p > 0.05), whereas the frequency of the presumed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli was higher among the hospital isolates (21.28% compared to 5.88%) (p > 0.05). The antibiotic resistance rates were high in both the hospital and community wastewaters, with very few significant differences between them, so the community outlet might be a source of resistant bacteria that is at least as important as the well-recognised hospitals.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolates from patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Katongole ◽  
Daniel Bulwadda Kisawuzi ◽  
Henry Kyobe Bbosa ◽  
David Patrick Kateete ◽  
Christine Florence Najjuka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) remains the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). They account for over 80-90% of all community-acquired and 30-50% of all hospital-acquired UTIs. E. coli strains have been found to belong to evolutionary origins known as phylogenetic groups. In 2013, Clermont classified E. coli strains into eight phylogenetic groups using the quadruplex PCR method. The aim of this study was to identify the phylogenetic groups of UPEC strains in Uganda using Clermont’s quadruplex PCR method and to assess their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Uganda. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 stored uropathogenic E. coli isolates from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC and carbapenemases was done according to CLSI guidelines and Laboratory SOPs. Results: Phylogenetic group B2 (40%) was the most predominant, followed by A (6.23%), clade I and II (5%), D and E (each 2.14%), B1 (1.43%) and F and C (each 0.71%). The most common resistant antibiotic was trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (90.71%) and the least was imipenem (1.43%). In total, 73.57% of isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Antibiotic resistance was mainly detected in phylogenetic group B2 (54%). Conclusions: Our findings showed the high prevalence of MDR E. coli isolates, with the dominance of phylogenetic group B2. About 9% of E. coli isolates belonged to the newly described phylogroups C, E, F, and clade I and II.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Clinical Isolates in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871-1878
Author(s):  
Rike Syahniar ◽  
Rayhana Rayhana ◽  
Dayu Swasti Kharisma ◽  
Muhammad Khatami ◽  
Dimas Bagus Bramasta Duarsa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

BACKGROUND: The high infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accompanied by increased resistance to many groups of antibiotics is a major concern in the field of infection. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility to MRSA isolates in Indonesia. METHODS: We did searches in Pubmed, Proquest, DOAJ, GARUDA, and google scholar for studies published in 2006-2020. Study in Indonesian (Bahasa) and English with the keywords "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "MRSA" and "Indonesia". More than 30 S.aureus isolates derived from human samples were included. RESULTS: A total of 738 articles based on the search results, 13 studies were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of MRSA reported from all studies is 0.3%-52%. The study with the largest prevalence of MRSA was found in Jakarta. The susceptibility of vancomycin antibiotics to MRSA isolates is known to range from 87%-100%. Based on all studies, Linezolid, Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin were reported to have 100% susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MRSA is still found high in one of the cities in Indonesia. Surveillance of antibiotic use, monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and antibiotic resistance control programs need to be optimized. MRSA screening is based on a rapid diagnosis when an inpatient admission is also necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli O157 Isolated From Raw Milk Marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Md. Kauser-Ul Alam ◽  
Shireen Akther ◽  
Nazmul Sarwar ◽  
Shamsul Morshed ◽  
Goutam Kumar Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Escherichia coli is an emerging public health concern in most countries of the world. It is an important cause of food-borne human disease. The present study assessed the prevalence and determined the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli from raw milk marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Of the raw milk marketed in Chittagong ~33(18%) of the 186 raw milk samples of it contains E. coli, indicator bacteria for any enteric pathogens. The mean viable count of total bacteria was 4.04×108 cfu/ml and the mean viable count of E. coli in the contaminated raw milk was 1.88×106 cfu/ml. E. coli from only six (18.2%) of the 33 positive samples yielded colourless colonies across the CT-SMAC, suggesting the probable presence of populations belonging to the serotype O157 and rest of the isolates 27 (81.82%) produced coloured colony on CT-SMAC considering the probable presence of populations belonging to the serotype non-O157. Growth of probable E. coli O157, as evidenced by the colourless colonies on CT-SMAC compared to coloured colonies from other bacteria. Confirmed isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using the Agar disc diffusion technique. Antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates in case of E. coli O157, penicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), amoxicillin (83.33%) and erythromycin (83.33%) were the most resistant whereas ciprofloxacin (66.67%), gentamicin (50.0%), and streptomycin (50.0%) were the most sensitive antibiotics. In case of E.coli non-O157 susceptibility profile showed that chloramphenicol (40.74%), erythromycin (40.74%) and oxacillin (37.04%) were the most resistant whereas ciprofloxacin (70.37%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (S/T) (59.26%) and gentamycin (55.55%) were the most sensitive antibiotics. The antimicrobial resistance exhibited by E. coli O157and non-O157 strains in this study is an indication of possible antibiotic abuse.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli From Various Clinical Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gautam ◽  
ML Chapagain ◽  
A Acharya ◽  
N Rayamajhi ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Wound Swab ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Escherichia coli is the major organism causing the urinary tract infection, wound infection and respiratory tract infection. A total of 2376 samples of urine, wound swab and sputum were analyzed for identification of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from 357 [15%] samples. Majority of the E.coli, 307 [85.9%], were obtained from the urine samples, followed by wound swab [8.4%] and sputum [5.6%]. High degree of resistance was observed for nalidixic acid [92.8%] followed by ceftriaxone [65.7%] and cotrimoxazole [64.6%]. The isolates were highly sensitive to imipenem (100%) followed by nitrofurantoin [90.3%] and amikacin [82.1%]. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 14-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8459

scholarly journals Carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in a high-density informal settlement in Kenya is associated with environmental risk-factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Omulo ◽  
Eric T. Lofgren ◽  
Svetlana Lockwood ◽  
Samuel M. Thumbi ◽  
Godfrey Bigogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The relationship between antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance varies with cultural, socio-economic, and environmental factors. We examined these relationships in Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi—Kenya, characterized by high population density, high burden of respiratory disease and diarrhea. Methods Two-hundred households were enrolled in a 5-month longitudinal study. One adult (≥ 18 years) and one child (≤ 5 years) participated per household. Biweekly interviews (n = 1516) that included questions on water, sanitation, hygiene, and antibiotic use in the previous two weeks were conducted, and 2341 stool, 2843 hand swabs and 1490 drinking water samples collected. Presumptive E. coli (n = 34,042) were isolated and tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics. Results Eighty percent of presumptive E. coli were resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes. Stool isolates were resistant to trimethoprim (mean: 81%), sulfamethoxazole (80%), ampicillin (68%), streptomycin (60%) and tetracycline (55%). Ninety-seven households reported using an antibiotic in at least one visit over the study period for a total of 144 episodes and 190 antibiotic doses. Enrolled children had five times the number of episodes reported by enrolled adults (96 vs. 19). Multivariable linear mixed-effects models indicated that children eating soil from the household yard and the presence of informal hand-washing stations were associated with increased numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (counts increasing by 0·27–0·80 log10 and 0·22–0·51 log10 respectively, depending on the antibiotic tested). Rainy conditions were associated with reduced carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (1·19 to 3·26 log10 depending on the antibiotic tested). Conclusions Antibiotic use provided little explanatory power for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Transmission of resistant bacteria in this setting through unsanitary living conditions likely overwhelms incremental changes in antibiotic use. Under such circumstances, sanitation, hygiene, and disease transmission are the limiting factors for reducing the prevalence of resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia Coli from laying chicken and egg in Jimma Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Taddese ◽  
Eshetu Shumi ◽  
Mestewot Asefa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Jimma Town ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Objectives Food borne diseases are one of the main important issues in the world. Escherichia coli are considered as the most prevalent food borne pathogen. A cross sectional study was conducted from January 6- 2018 to September 10-2019 on cloacae swab; farm and market’s egg at Jimma town to isolate, identify and determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Result Out of 415 total samples, 156 (37.59%) were identified as E. coli from farm eggshell 21/83 (25.30%), farm egg content 12/83 (14.46%), cloacae swab 42/83 (50.60%) and market egg shell 45/83 (54.23%). In the current study antimicrobial susceptibility test of E. coli isolates from different sample types revealed varying degree of susceptibility to antimicrobial. Isolated E. coli was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamicine (100%), Streptomycin ( 96.4% ) , sulfonamides (94%), Kanamycin (91%), Chloramphenicol ( 89.5% ) , tetraccine (78.9%) , Trimethoprim (75%) these are considered appropriate for empirical treatment of E. coli in the study area. Moreover, resistance of isolates with 100%, 75% 50%, 25%, 1.6% and 0.5% was developed to ampicillin, neomycin, cefoxitin oxytetracycline , Streptomycin and tetraccine respectively. The presence of E.coli within egg/and chicken can pose serious public health problems. The appropriate hygienic practices of eggs at both farms and markets should be under taken.

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