Pollination biology and genetic variability of a giant perfumed flower (Aristolochia gigantea Mart. and Zucc., Aristolochiaceae) visited mainly by small Diptera

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Hipólito ◽  
Blandina Felipe Viana ◽  
Alessandra Selbach-Schnadelbach ◽  
Leonardo Galetto ◽  
Peter G. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Structural Plan ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
And Behavior

The genus Aristolochia presents conserved features in its basic structural plan of trap flowers and in its pollination syndrome. Visitors, usually flies, are attracted to the rotting-meat scented flowers and remain trapped until the second day, when the protogynous flowers release them. Aristolochia gigantea Mart. and Zucc showed many of these floral traits but display a citronella-like odour, giving the opportunity to study the reproductive ecology in this atypical species. Characteristics and behavior of pollinators, coupled with the distances between individual plants and populations, are important factors in patterns of genetic diversity. Thus, our objectives were to study the flower visitors, reproductive success, and gene flow in A. gigantea in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Results suggest that pollination by flies remains as a conserved interaction within the genus Aristolochia. The main pollinators appeared to be Megaselia spp. (Phoridae), evidenced primarily by the frequency of their occurrence within flowers and the transference of compatible pollen. On the other hand, the moderate to low levels of intrapopulation genetic variability found in A. gigantea, combined with low effective pollination and its reproductive dependence on biotic vectors, indicate that this species may be suffering gene erosion in the remaining populations located at Chapada Diamantina.

A Cross-National Analysis of Political Personalization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Rahat ◽  
Ofer Kenig
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The chapter presents an integrated cross-national analysis of political personalization in all our twenty-six countries. The two indicators of personalization online stand apart in terms of the incidents of depersonalization. An examination of the relationship between the three dimensions finds personalization especially in the institutional realm. In the other two dimensions, media and behavior, most cases are of personalization, but many indicate no trend or depersonalization. A comparison by country illustrates that, except for the cases of extreme personalization in Italy and Israel and a few cases of depersonalization, especially in Switzerland, most countries experience moderate–low or low levels of personalization. Most explanations for variance are ruled out. A moderately negative correlation is found between national levels of self-expression and national levels of political personalization. The chapter ends with a review of the claims raised in the literature about the consequences of political personalization.

Genetic variation in central and disjunct populations of Lilium parryi

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan B. Linhart ◽  
Andrea C. Premoli
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Hawkmoth Pollination

We compared levels of genetic variability in small, isolated populations of Lilium parryi in Arizona with those found in large populations in California. Arizona populations were presumably derived from California populations; they were significantly less variable and showed evidence of much higher levels of inbreeding. One California locality whose population structure is similar to those found in Arizona also had relatively low levels of genetic variability. However, the other California populations were highly variable and showed lower levels of inbreeding than Arizona populations. There was significant genetic differentiation among all populations. In Arizona, there was no relationship between current population size and genetic variability. Arizona populations may be vulnerable to extinction, given the magnitude of environmental modifications in their habitats, their small sizes, and their low levels of variability. Key words: genetic structure, rare species, hawkmoth pollination, Lilium, disjunct populations.

NEUROTIC SYMPTOMATICS RELATED TO PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 2014-2019
Author(s):  
Milen Dimov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
School Year ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Ideal

The present study traces the dynamics of personal characteristics in youth and the manifested neurotic symptoms in the training process. These facts are the reason for the low levels of school results in the context of the existing theoretical statements of the problem and the empirical research conducted among the trained teenagers. We suggest that the indicators of neurotic symptomatology in youth – aggression, anxiety, and neuroticism, are the most demonstrated, compared to the other studied indicators of neurotic symptomatology. Studies have proved that there is a difference in the act of neurotic symptoms when tested in different situations, both in terms of expression and content. At the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms, more demonstrated in some aspects of aggressiveness, while at the end of school year, psychotism is more demonstrated. The presented summarized results indicate that at the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms are strongly associated with aggression. There is a tendency towards a lower level of social responsiveness, both in the self-assessment of real behavior and in the ideal “I”-image of students in the last year of their studies. The neurotic symptomatology, more demonstrated due to specific conditions in the life of young people and in relation to the characteristics of age.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Part ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The introduction first sets out some preliminary definitions of sex, sexuality, and gender. It then turns from the sexual part of Sexual Identities to the identity part. A great deal of confusion results from failing to distinguish between identity in the sense of a category with which one identifies (categorial identity) and identity in the sense of a set of patterns that characterize one’s cognition, emotion, and behavior (practical identity). The second section gives a brief summary of this difference. The third and fourth sections sketch the relation of the book to social constructionism and queer theory, on the one hand, and evolutionary-cognitive approaches to sex, sexuality, and gender, on the other. The fifth section outlines the value of literature in not only illustrating, but advancing a research program in sex, sexuality, and gender identity. Finally, the introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this volume.

Sexual Aggressivity and Androgens

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Raboch ◽  
H. Černá ◽  
P. Zemek
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Low Levels

Male sex hormones are ascribed a great importance in the literature from the point of view of sexual activity and aggressive behaviour. Two cases of sexually motivated murder are described, committed by delinquents with low levels of testosterone in plasma: one a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome; the other a man after castration. Even a decreased level of androgens, either primary or secondary, is not an absolute prevention of sexually aggressive behaviour.

scholarly journals Hydrometeor and latent heat profiles of tropical cyclones Conson, Ivan and Catarina using PR/TRMM data

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Barbio Rosa ◽  
Augusto Pereira Filho ◽  
Prakki Satyamurty
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
High Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Hurricane Ivan ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ice Content

ABSTRACT Microphysical and thermodynamical features of two tropical systems, namely Hurricane Ivan and Typhoon Conson, and one sub-tropical, Catarina, have been analyzed based on space-born radar PR measurements available on the TRMM satellite. The procedure to classify the reflectivity profiles followed the Heymsfield et al (2000) and Steiner et al (1995) methodologies. The water and ice content have been calculated using a relationship obtained with data of the surface SPOL radar and PR in Rondonia State in Brazil. The diabatic heating rate due to latent heat release has been estimated using the methodology developed by Tao et al (1990). A more detailed analysis has been performed for Hurricane Catarina, the first of its kind in South Atlantic. High water content mean value has been found in Conson and Ivan at low levels and close to their centers. Results indicate that hurricane Catarina was shallower than the other two systems, with less water and the water was concentrated closer to its center. The mean ice content in Catarina was about 0.05 g kg-1 while in Conson it was 0.06 g kg-1 and in Ivan 0.08 g kg-1. Conson and Ivan had water content up to 0.3 g kg-1 above the 0ºC layer, while Catarina had less than 0.15 g kg-1. The latent heat released by Catarina showed to be very similar to the other two systems, except in the regions closer to the center.

scholarly journals Analysis of variance of partial diallel tables

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcelo Soriano Viana ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Antonio Américo Cardoso ◽  
Adair José Regazzi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dominance Testing ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Diallel

The theory of variance analysis of partial diallel tables, following Hayman's proposal of 1954, is presented. As several statistical tests yield similar inferences, the present analysis mainly proposes to assess genetic variability in two groups of parents and to study specific, varietal and mean heteroses. Testing the nullity of specific heteroses equals testing absence of dominance. Testing equality of varietal heteroses of the parents of a group is equivalent to testing the hypothesis that in the other group allelic genes have the same frequency. Rejection of the hypothesis that the mean heterosis is null indicates dominance. The information obtained complements that provided by diallel analysis involving parents and their F1 hybrids or F2 generations. An example with the common bean is included.

scholarly journals Six new cases confirm the clinical molecular profile of complete combined 17α-hydroxylase/ 17,20-lyase deficiency in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Rodrigues Barbosa Belgini ◽  
Maricilda Palandi de Mello ◽  
Maria Tereza Matias Baptista ◽  
Daniel Minutti de Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Canova Denardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Lyase Deficiency ◽  
Frequent Mutations ◽  
Low Levels

In 2004, Costa-Santos and cols. reported 24 patients from 19 Brazilian families with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and showed that p.W406R and p.R362C corresponded to 50% and 32% of CYP17A1 mutant alleles, respectively. The present report describes clinical and molecular data of six patients from three inbred Brazilian families with 17α-hydroxlyse deficiency. All patients had hypogonadism, amenorrhea and hypertension at diagnosis. Two sisters were found to be 46,XY with both gonads palpable in the inguinal region. All patients presented hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, with high levels of ACTH (> 104 ng/mL), suppressed plasmatic renin activity, low levels of potassium (< 2.8 mEq/L) and elevated progesterone levels (> 4.4 ng/mL). Three of them, including two sisters, were homozygous for p.W406R mutation and the other three (two sisters and one cousin) were homozygous for p.R362C. The finding of p.W406R and p.R362C in the CYP17A1 gene here reported in additional families, confirms them as the most frequent mutations causing complete combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency in Brazilian patients.

scholarly journals The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA to evaluate the genetic variability of Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) accessions

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvécio Della Coletta Filho ◽  
Marcos Antonio Machado ◽  
M. Luiza P.N. Targon ◽  
Jorgino Pompeu Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco ◽  
Ponkan Mandarin

RAPD analysis of 19 Ponkan mandarin accessions was performed using 25 random primers. Of 112 amplification products selected, only 32 were polymorphic across five accessions. The absence of genetic variability among the other 14 accessions suggested that they were either clonal propagations with different local names, or that they had undetectable genetic variability, such as point mutations which cannot be detected by RAPD.

Comparison of the productivity of Texel and Rouge de l’Ouest ewes and their crosses

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. Dawson ◽  
A. F. Carson ◽  
L. O. W. McClinton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Average Figure

AbstractAn experiment was undertaken to compare the productivity of crossbred ewes, produced by crossing Texel sires with Rouge de l’Ouest (Rouge) dams and Rouge sires with Texel dams, relative to purebred Texel and Rouge ewes. The purebred and crossbred ewes were crossed with Rouge and Texel sires. The proportion of productive ewes was similar in the purebred and crossbred ewes with an average figure of 0·92. Irrespective of crossing sire, Rouge ewes produced 0·48 more lambs per ewe lambed than Texel ewes (P < 0·001). The two crossbred ewe types (Texel ✕ Rouge and Rouge ✕ Texel) each produced similar numbers of lambs (on average 1·92 lambs per ewe lambed). Individual heterosis values for ewe fertility and prolificacy were small and not significant (–1·67 for the proportion of productive ewes and –3·14 for the number of lambs born per ewe lambed). Maternal heterosis values were also not significant but were of larger magnitude (6·26 for ewe fertility and 3·12 for prolificacy). Lamb mortality (number of lambs born dead per ewe lambed) at birth was similar for purebred Rouge (0·44) and Texel (0·30) ewes and was significantly reduced by crossbred matings and mating the crossbred ewes (individual heterosis –30·68, P < 0·10; maternal heterosis –80·23, P < 0·001). Individual and maternal heterosis values for lamb growth rate from birth to six weeks were 8 (P < 0·05) and 4 (P > 0·05) respectively. Lamb growth rate from birth to weaning was significantly lower in lambs from Texel ewes compared with those from the other genotypes (P < 0·05). Individual and maternal heterosis values for live-weight gain from birth to weaning were 5 (P < 0·10) and 5 (P < 0·01). The results of the current study demonstrate the superior performance of purebred Rouge ewes compared with purebred Texel ewes in terms of prolificacy and lamb growth rate from birth to weaning. However, both breeds had high lamb mortality at birth. Crossbreeding led to the production of hybrid ewes which had relatively high prolificacy with low levels of dystocia and lamb mortality.

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