scholarly journals Seasonality affects phytotoxic potential of five native species of Neotropical savanna

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciele Fernanda de Souza Pinto ◽  
Rosana Marta Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Phytotoxic secondary metabolites produced by plants have been studied as possible sources of bioherbicides. However, several environmental factors can change the secondary metabolism of plants, and thus, the production of these compounds. Among these factors, seasonality can be a source of variation in the content of all classes of secondary metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the phytotoxic effect of aqueous extracts of leaves from Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera (Asteraceae), Luehea candicans Mart. (Tiliaceae), Miconia chamissois Naudin (Melastomataceae), and Qualea cordata Spreng (Vochysiaceae) (species of the Brazilian savanna), collected both during the dry and the rainy season, on germination and seedling growth of maize and cucumber. The analysed parameters were affected by all leaf extracts collected during both seasons. However, a greater phytotoxic effect was observed when leaves were collected during the dry or during the rainy season, depending on the savanna species studied, on the target species, and on the parameters evaluated. The phytochemical screening of all extracts was also evaluated and allowed the identification of anthraquinones, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The composition of extracts differed between the seasons for all species. This study highlights the importance of considering savanna seasonality when studying the phytotoxicity of the species of this biome.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF ALTERNANTHERA BRASILIANA (L). KUNTZE AND ALTERNANTHERA BETTZICKIANA REGEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Kasthuri O R ◽  
Ramesh B
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Alternanthera brasiliana (L). Kuntze (A. brasiliana) and Alternanthera bettzickiana regel (A. bettzickiana).Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed in petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, hydroethanolic and water extracts of leaves of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana. The level of alkaloids, flavonoids, total phenolic content, tannins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, GSH, and total proteins were determined in hydroethanolic, ethanol, and water extracts. Antioxidant activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, superoxide anion scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, total antioxidant capacity, and reducing power assay.Results: The phytochemical screening of six different extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana revealed the presence of various phytonutrients. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites in ethanol, hydroethanolic and water extracts of leaves of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana showed the presence of high amount of secondary metabolites in the hydroethanolic extract. In vitro, antioxidant assay of two plant extracts revealed that A. bettzickiana was more potent than A. brasiliana in scavenging free radicals.Conclusion: The different extracts from A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana and specifically the hydroethanolic extract of A. bettzickiana revealed several properties such as rich source of phytonutrients, higher free radical scavenging properties, and significant antioxidant capabilities. Therefore, the bioactive compound should be isolated in future studies and could be used as a safe and serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nematicidal and Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seed in Cucumber Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
M.C. Olajide ◽  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
R.A. Apalowo ◽  
H.S. Baba
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract This aim of the two-year study was to evaluate the nematicidal and antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera extracts against Meloidogyne incognita and fungi infestation in cucumber field. The aqueous extracts of leaves and seeds of M. oleifera were used to treat the plants. The findings of the present study revealed that the plant extracts were active against the test pathogens. All treated plants were significantly higher than the control with respect to number of leaves and branches, vine length, fruit weight, and yield. Of the two varieties of cucumber used, combination of cucumber market with moringa aqueous leaf extracts gave higher results. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins. These possess nematicidal and antifungal activities. Combination of variety 2, Market More with Moringa leaves aqueous extract is being recommended to farmers for management of nematode and fungal diseases. Organic amendments have the advantage of controlling environmental effluence.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet on crop weeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Kenji Takao ◽  
Jose Pedro Nepomuceno Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Inês Salgueiro Lima
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Identification of species with allelopathic potential has been a target of researches aiming to use them to control crop weeds. Ipomoea cairica is considered a weed with allelopathic potential, which has already been reported. The goal of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic properties of leaf extracts from Ipomoea cairica on the germination and early development of four of the worst crop weeds in Brazil: Bidens pilosa L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O´Donel. We tested the effects of leaf extracts, in four concentrations, on the germination and early development of these species. The extracts negatively affected the germination, early development and the morphology of all target species, and the phytotoxic effect was higher as the concentration of the extracts increased. The influence of the I. cairica extracts on germination, in addition to their effects on seedling development, made them more effective.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening of Iris kashmiriana Baker collected from Budgam, Kashmir, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Saeema JouFarooqnal ◽  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The present study was intended to discover the preliminary phytochemicals of Iris kashmiriana Baker collected from Kashmir region, India. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted in methanolic and aqueous extracts which showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, saponins, diterpenes, cardiac glycosides. Among the various phytochemicals studied, alkaloids and proteins were found to be absent in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. From the results, it was noted that the extracts of Iris kashmiriana Baker was found to be a rich source of variety of active secondary metabolites. This report will lead to the further isolation and characterization of these active secondary metabolites for bioefficacy and bioactivity. Keywords: Phytochemical, Bioactive compounds, Iris kashmiriana, Mazar mund, Kashmir.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Antibacterial properties in-vitro of Mexican serviceberry extracts against dental biofilm species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Erika-Alejandra Salinas-Peña ◽  
Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽  
Claudia Velázquez-González ◽  
Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis ◽  
América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

BACKGROUND: The Mexican serviceberry, Malacomeles denticulata, have been used as a successful oral therapy by Mexican communities without enough scientific support. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the M. denticulata extracts with selective antibacterial properties over dental biofilm bacteria. METHODS: Fruit, Leaf, and Stem of M. denticulata extracts were evaluated with micro-broth dilution method using ATCC bacteria. OD600 values had compared against each positive control (T-student-test). Anaerobically viability had confirmed by Colony-Forming-Units. Thin-Layer-Chromatography was used to identify the number of compounds and phytochemicals to identify secondary metabolites of the selected extracts. RESULTS: Streptococcus mutans showed Minimum-Bactericidal-Concentrations_(MBC) at 30 mg/mL to Fruit, Leaf, and Stem extracts. Periodontal-pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p <  0.01); Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p<0.001); Parvimonas micra_(MBC = 15 mg/mL_NS); Porphyromonas gingivalis_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); and Prevotella intermedia_(MBC = 3.75 mg/mL_NS) presented higher sensitivity to Leaf-Methanol, than the primary colonizers. Phytochemicals showed positive results to anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, saponins steroids/triterpenoids, steroids/triterpenes, and tannins/phenols. CONCLUSION: We suggest the natural extracts of fruit and leaf of the Mexican serviceberry for the preventive use over the oral cariogenic or periodontal biofilm species, by their selective antibacterial properties against pathogenic species evaluated in-vitro, and due to the presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites identified as flavonoids and saponins of M. denticulata leaf extracts.

scholarly journals Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e68
Author(s):  
Jeeta Sarkar ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-bacterial activity of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract and its phytochemical screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
B. Praiwala ◽  
S. Priyanka ◽  
N. Raghu ◽  
N. Gopenath ◽  
A. Gnanasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Screening Assay

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the main concern worldwide to combat infectious. Over the years studies on leaf extracts Tinospora cordifolia have demonstrated the potent role its antibacterial property. The current study is an attempt to test its antibacterial property against Escherichia coli cell division. Material and methods: Phytochemical screening assay of T. cordifolia leaf extract was done using standard procedure and the results showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, amino acid, flavonoid and glycoside components. Results: HPLC analysis revealed the presence of berberine in T. cordifolia leaf extract. Further E. coli cells were treated with berberine to study its efficacy in inhibiting cell division. Antibacterial assay was performed by using disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Among aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, hexane and acetone extract only methanolic extract showed zone of inhibition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document