Analyse morphologique et taxonomique du complexe Quercus faginea (Fagaceae) en Algérie (Morphological and taxonomic analysis of Quercus faginea (Fagaceae) complex in Algeria)

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeldjalil Aissi ◽  
Yassine BEGHAMI ◽  
Olivier Lepais ◽  
Errol Vela
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Quercus Faginea ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Quercus Canariensis ◽  
Analyse Morphologique

La systématique de Quercus faginea Lam. (s.l) (Fagaceae) reste encore indéfinie, d’autant plus qu’elle s’hybride avec d’autres espèces et qu’elle est polymorphe. Quatre sous-espèces ont été identifiées et présentement reconnues en péninsule ibérique et au Maroc, or, les données disponibles ne permettent pas de trancher entre les taxons présents en Algérie. Pour remédier au manque de données nécessaires, une analyse morphologique et taxonomique de treize populations du complexe dans le pays a été effectuée. Dans chacune, vingt feuilles et vingt bourgeons sur dix arbres matures ont été prélevés pour une description détaillée de 23 traits morphologiques. L’ACM (analyse des correspondances multiples) et la CAH (classification ascendante hiérarchique) ont été utilisées pour analyser les données et identifier des groupes homogènes. Une variabilité significative intra et inter-populationnelle est remarquable, avec une taille des feuilles qui tend à se diminuer en allant de l’est vers l’ouest et du nord au sud du pays. Cette variabilité ne permet pas, à elle seule, de différentier entre les populations étudiées, en revanche, les traits liés à la forme du limbe et aux types du tomentum sur la feuille s’avèrent plus utiles. Cette étude confirme que le complexe Q. faginea Lam. est représenté en Algérie par deux espèces : Quercus canariensis Willd. et Q. faginea Lam., lui-même représenté par deux taxons, subsp. faginea et subsp. broteroi. The systematics of Quercus faginea Lam. (s.l) (Fagaceae) remains obscure, as it tends to crossbreed with other species and show signs of polymorphism. Four subspecies were identified and currently recognized in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. However, the literature to date does not allow the distinction between the taxa present in Algeria. To remedy the lack of required data, morphological and taxonomic analysis of thirteen tree populations has been carried out in the country. In the process, twenty leaves and twenty buds from ten mature trees were collected at each population to produce a more detailed description of 23 particular morphological traits. MCA (multiple correspondence analysis) and AHC (agglomerative hierarchical clustering) were used to analyze the data and to identify homogeneous groups. The results obtained show high intra and inter-population variability, with leaf size diminishing from east to west and from north to south. Though the findings were remarkable, they alone could not be used to differentiate between populations under examination; the traits relating to limb shape and indumentum type on the leaf prove to be more useful. It is clear from this study that the Q. faginea Lam. group in Algeria is represented by two species: Quercus canariensis Willd. and Q. faginea Lam., the latter being represented by two taxa: subsp. faginea and subsp. broteroi

Does quality really matter? Variables that drive postmodern consumer choices

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Marinelli ◽  
Mariarosaria Simeone ◽  
Debora Scarpato
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Consumer Choices ◽  
The Media

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the factors that affect consumer choices for both policymakers and food companies. Design/methodology/approach – Four hundred questionnaires were administered in the city of Florence (Tuscany, Italy). Data analysis was carried out according to a two-step procedure in a multivariate statistical framework: in the first stage, a multiple correspondence analysis was performed; in the second step, the single-link (nearest neighbour) cluster analysis allowed three homogeneous groups of consumers to be identified on the basis of their specific socio-demographic characteristics. Findings – Three consumer clusters were obtained: the first, “critical but non-philanthropic consumers”, who may have pathologies that require a particular diet; the second, “marginally critical consumers”, for whom freshness, the label and the assortment count for much; the third, “agnostic consumers”, who choose a product according to its origin and the price/quality relationship, while ethical aspects, health claims or information on the use are not considered as important. Social implications – From the results it may be deduced that although recent regulations will lead to greater transparency, in many respects consumers may not be able to grasp aspects of higher quality from the label among competing products. Originality/value – The results seem to run contrary to the trends identified in other studies with regard to critical and socially responsible production attributes. Except in cases where consumers are sensitised by the presence of food-related diseases encountered within their own family, they may not be able to grasp higher-quality aspects from the label among competing products. From the results it is evident that both educational and generational issues come into play with regard to food choices, closely linked to the media from which information is obtained.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of sweet potato genotypes based on morpho-agronomic traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Darllan JLSF de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Eduarda F Otoboni ◽  
Bruno E Pavan ◽  
Maria Isabel Andrade ◽  
Pablo F Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Peel Color

ABSTRACT Sweet potato is a vegetable of great importance in human consumption, due to its high nutritional value. It presents high phenotypic variation, with different forms of roots, leaves and vines. Given the above, we aimed to study the genetic divergence of sweet potato genotypes based on morpho-agronomic traits. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area of Unesp, Ilha Solteira Campus, located in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with two replicates, including 200 genotypes and ‘Beauregard’ as a biofortified control. Shoot morphological traits of the genotypes were evaluated at 110 days and root morphological traits were evaluated at 127 days after planting. We used the obtained data to perform descriptive analysis, in percentage of phenotypic classes. In order to study genetic divergence, multivariate analysis was performed, grouping was done using Tocher’s and Ward’s methods. We also analyzed relative contribution of each trait for genetic divergence. Statistical analyzes were performed using Genes software and SAS. Wide genetic variability could be verified in the population studied in this experiment, being possible to obtain genetic gains in recombination between genotypes. Grouping using Tocher’s method was more effective for discriminating dissimilarity between genotypes. The low relative importance of leaf size, internode diameter and secondary peel color makes further evaluation of these traits unnecessary, reducing labor costs, cost and execution time.

Variation in Some Central Victoria Populations of Eucalyptus viminalis Labill

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
PY Ladiges ◽  
DH Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Central Victoria ◽  
Eucalyptus Viminalis ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Made In

E. viminalis occurs over a wide range of rainfall conditions and soil types in south-eastern Australia and exhibits considerable variation in form. A study of 11 populations in central Victoria shows that at moist, well-drained sites mature trees are tall and smooth-barked, have three-budded inflorescences, and produce large leaves and fruits. At drier sites trees are shorter and more rough-barked, sometimes have inflorescences with buds numbering from three to seven, and tend to produce smaller leaves and fruits. The results of a comparison of fruit collections made in successive years indicate that capsule size can vary significantly at any one site. It is suggested that the size differences may be related to soil moisture availability. Furthermore, within the crown of any one tree, leaf size was found to vary, leaves from the upper part of the crown being significantly smaller than leaves from the lower crown. A field transplant experiment involving five populations showed that environmental factors can markedly affect seedling growth and leaf morphology. However, population differences in growth rate, tolerance to drought and waterlogging conditions, and lignotuber development appear to be in part genetically based.

Genetic diversity analysis in green gram based on morphological traits

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reecha. T. Das ◽  
Purna K. Barua
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
Pod Length

Twenty three advanced breeding lines of green gram, developed at different centres under the All-India Coordinated Research Project on MULLARP, were evaluated by growing them during summer to characterize the genotypes and to assess the magnitude of genetic diversity in the genotypes. Genetic dissimilarities as revealed by Euclidean distances ranged from 2.891 to 10.494. Maximum distance was observed between ML 1354 and MH 721. Based on Euclidean distances four clusters were formed. Cluster II was the largest, and was further divided into two sub-clusters, IIA and IIB, comprising of four and nine genotypes, respectively. Genotypes MH 709 and KM 2272 belonging to cluster I were closely placed as they shared most of the characters. But they could be distinguished with the help of characters like days to 50% flowering, position of pods in the plant and growth habit. Similarly, GM 04-02 and NM 1 in sub-cluster IIA were closely grouped, and they could be distinguished based on the characters leaf size and pod length. Similarly other closely grouped genotypes were also distinguishable on the basis of some characters. It was observed from the average Euclidean distances that ML 1354, SG 1, MH 721, SG 63-14 and MH 709 were divergent genotypes. These genotypes were potential parents in green gram breeding programme.

Diversity in physiological and morphological characteristics of four cottonwood (Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) populations in New Mexico: evidence for a genetic component of variation

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L Rowland
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Rio Chama

A common garden was established using 120 genotypes of Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder from four New Mexico populations (Abiquiu, Corrales, Bernardo, and San Antonio) to examine physiological and morphological differentiation within and among populations. All populations were located within the same watershed along the Rio Grande and one of its tributaries, the Rio Chama. In the common garden, I measured physiological and morphological variation during the 1996 and 1997 growing seasons to determine the extent of inter- and intra-population variation in these traits. In addition, because the sex of each source tree from the field was known, I was able to determine if these same traits varied among male, female, and nonreproductive trees. Small but significant differences within and among populations occurred for photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in both years. Leaf morphological traits also differed within and among populations, including leaf size, chlorophyll content, and specific leaf mass. Stomatal conductance differed significantly between female and nonreproductive trees in both years. This study demonstrated the existence of genetic variation in ecophysiological and morphological traits within and among cottonwood populations and among cottonwoods of differing reproductive status within a single watershed.

scholarly journals Inter-incompatibility of self- incompatible apricots and their varietal properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Erdős ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Genetic Relation ◽  
Taxonomic Point

There are four apricot varieties grown in Hungary derived from local selections known to bear fruits of giant (60 - 100 g) size: Ceglédi óriás, Nagykőrösi óriás, Szegedi mammut and Ligeti óriás. Being morphologically similar, they seem to be closely related to each other. The detailed study of the morphology (of leaves and fruits) and phenology (of blooming and ripening dates) as well as the fertility relations was aimed to find out the degree of kinship between the varieties in question. It was stated that the value of morphological traits is variable from the taxonomic point of view. The most important signs of common origin were the time of blooming and the leaf size. Less valuable are the date of m:iurity and the size of fruit because of their variability. In the literature Satin') & Nyeki (1991) published the first proof of inter-incompatible relation between apricot varieties. This should be considered as an argument of close genetic relation between those "giant" varieties of apricots. The first three varieties. Ceglédi óriás, Nagykőrösi óriás and Szegedi mammut are closer related in blooming and ripening date, as well as in size of fruit to each other than the variety Ligeti óriás.  

Inheritance of Leaflet Size in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Essomba ◽  
T. A. Coffelt ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
S. W. Van Scoyoc
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Large Leaflet

Abstract Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis in plants. Leaf size and shape have been shown to be related to disease resistance. Therefore, understanding the inheritance of traits related to them is important. Conflicting results have been reported on the inheritance of leaflet size in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Some indicate qualitative inheritance and others quantitative determination. This study was undertaken to examine the genetic factors which control leaflet size in peanut. F2 populations from a modified diallel (excluding self-crosses) with three parents, A. monticola and two A. hypogaea genotypes (Argentine and T2442), were used in this experiment. In contrast with previous studies, the measurement technique used took into account the within-plant variability which occurs for this trait. Results suggest that: a) leaflet size may be quasi-quantitatively inherited; i.e., its inheritance may present distinguishable genotypes within continuous variation; b) the inheritance of leaflet size may involve two types of alleles of which one would be responsible for large leaflet size, while the other would be responsible for small leaflet size; and c) the use of progressive measurement scales and the analysis of ungrouped data are advisable on genetic studies of some morphological traits in peanut.

scholarly journals Variation and Genetic Parameters of Leaf Morphological Traits of Eight Families from Populus simonii × P. nigra

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Jingshan Ren ◽  
Xinyue Ji ◽  
Changhai Wang ◽  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Giuseppe Nervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Leaf morphology in Populus L. varies extensively among sections, species and clones under strong genetic control. P. nigra L. (section Aigeiros), with large and triangular leaves, is a commercial forest tree of economic importance for fast growth and high yield in Europe. P. simonii Carr. (section Tacamahaca) with small land rhomboid ovate leaves performs cold and dry resistance/tolerance in the semi-arid region of Northern China. Leaf morphological traits could be used as early indicators to improve the efficiency of selection. In order to investigate the genetic variation pattern of leaf morphology traits, estimate breeding values (combining ability), as well as evaluate crossing combinations of parents, 1872 intersectional progenies from eight families (P. simonii × P. nigra) and their parents were planted with cuttings for the clonal replicate field trial in Northern China. Four leaf size traits (area, perimeter, length, width) and roundness were measured with leaf samples from the 1-year-old clonal plantation. Significant differences regarding leaf traits were found between and among three female clones of P. simonii from Inner Mongolia, China and six male clones of P. nigra from Casale Monferrato, Italy. The genetic variation coefficient, heritability and genetic variance component of most traits in male parents were greater than these of female parents. Heritability estimates of male and female parents were above 0.56 and 0.17, respectively. Plentiful leaf variations with normal and continuous distributions exited in the hybrid progenies among and within families with the genetic variation coefficient and heritability above 28.49 and 0.24, respectively. Heritability estimates showed that leaf area was the most heritable trait, followed by leaf width. The breeding value ranking of parents allowed us to select the parental clones for new crosses and extend the mating design. Two male parental clones (N430 and N429) had greater breeding values (general combining ability, GCA) of leaf size traits than other clones. The special combining ability (SCA) of the crossing combination between P. simonii cl. ZL-3 and P. nigra cl. N430 was greater than that of others. Eight putatively superior genotypes, most combined with the female parental clone ZL-3, can be selected for future testing under near-commercial conditions. Significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between five leaf morphology traits with the coefficients above 0.9, except for leaf roundness. The results showed that leaf morphology traits were under strong genetic control and the parental clones with high GCA and SCA effects could be utilized in heterosis breeding, which will provide a starting point for devising a new selection strategy of parents and progenies.

Variation in wood density components within and between Quercus faginea trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Knapic ◽  
José L. Louzada ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Quercus Faginea ◽  
Wood Variation ◽  
Made In

The wood of Quercus faginea Lam. was studied regarding its density variation within and between trees using microdensitometry techniques in 10 trees growing in northern Portugal. The observations were made in mature trees at several height levels (stem base and 1.3, 3.4, 5.5, 7.6, and 9.7 m). Variance analysis was done considering the core cylinder (first 15 rings) and the sheath (last 10 rings) in relation to tree, height level, and ring effects and their interactions. The wood revealed a high mean density of 0.848 g·cm–3 with small differences between earlywood and latewood (0.717 and 0.908 g·cm–3, respectively). Latewood corresponded on average to 66% of the total ring width, which averaged 2.4 mm. Wood density decreased with height and radially from pith to cambium. However, within-tree variation was of very moderate magnitude although higher for juvenile wood. Variation between trees was also small (6% coefficient of variation of the mean) and higher for the mature wood. Quercus faginea wood compares favourably with other oak species with regard to density characteristics and may be considered for production of quality solid wood products.

scholarly journals IN-SITU MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CASSAVA LANDRACES (MANIHOTESCULENTACRANTZ) FROM COTE DIVOIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Doubi Bi Tra Serges ◽  
◽  
Djaha Konan Engueran ◽  
Angui Chia Michele Valerie ◽  
Fouha Bi Nady Delphin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Hierarchical Ascending Classification ◽  
Landrace Accessions

Cassava provides food security for millions of people worldwide. In Cote dIvoire, it is the second most important food crop. The objective of this study is to evaluate the structure and genetic variability of certain qualitative traits in targeted cassava landracesin order to identify the most widespread cassava landraces. Thus, prospecting missions were carried out in different regions of Cote dIvoire to characterize cassavalandraces, from which 180 cassava landrace accessions were characterized using14 morphological markers. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) showed that among the 14 markers, 10 were relevant fordescribing the total variability within accessions. In addition, the Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC) grouped the Ivorianlandraces into five homogeneous groups and also revealed that this morphological diversity is not structured according to the landracesgeographical origin. The study highlighted 131 distinct cultivars among the 180 accessions characterized. Moreover, of the 131 distinct cultivars, four were the most widespread. These are the local cultivars: Yace, Six mois, Blêbou and Trogla. Thus, the study has definitively shown that breeders have a wide choice of parents for developing improved cassava cultivars adapted fromthe populations found in Cote dIvoire.

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