Growth and foliar nutrition of a hybrid poplar clone following the application of a mixture of papermill biosolids and lime mud

Fertilization of hybrid poplar (HP) plantations with papermill by-products is a promising solution to improve soil fertility and nutrient availability, increase plantation productivity, and provide added value to these materials that would otherwise be incinerated or sent to the landfill. We assessed the growth and foliar nutrition of a HP clone (Populus x. canadensis × P. maximowiczii) at six plantation sites aged three to five years in southern Quebec, Canada. Sites received a fertilization treatment consisting of a mixture of papermill biosolids (120 to 140 t ha-1, depending on site) and lime mud (10 to 15 t ha-1) before being planted, or no fertilization (control). Tree growth was significantly improved by fertilization, with fertilized trees showing a mean annual height increment of 1.3 m (all-site mean; SD = 0.2), compared with 0.5 m (SD = 0.4) for unfertilized trees. Foliar Ca and Mg increased following fertilization and levels met optimal thresholds at all sites, whereas N, P, and K concentrations also increased but nutritional deficiencies remained for these elements at several sites. Our results confirm the benefits of fertilizing hybrid poplars with papermill by-products, but indicate that adjustments in application rates or type of by-products could be made in order to fully satisfy nutritional requirements and thus optimize tree growth.

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Diagnostic tools to evaluate the foliar nutrition and growth of hybrid poplars

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x08-069 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 2138-2147 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Arlette Lteif ◽

Joann K. Whalen ◽

Robert L. Bradley ◽

Claude Camiré

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Hybrid Poplar ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Foliar Nutrition ◽

N Nutrition ◽

Nutrient Imbalance

This 2-year study examined the effect of fertilizers on tree growth and foliar nutrition in a Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. plantation located in southwestern Québec. The treatments included a control that did not receive N or P fertilizer, inorganic NP fertilizers, organic fertilizers applied at 65–70 kg N·ha–1, and organic fertilizers applied at 130–140 kg N·ha–1. Fertilized trees were taller and had larger diameters than control trees. Three methods were used to diagnose limiting nutrients and nutrient imbalances, and compare the nutrient supply from different fertilizer sources. The critical value approach and the compositional nutrient diagnosis methods found below-optimum N and P concentrations, sufficient K and Mg concentrations, and an excessive Ca concentration in foliage. Vector analysis compared the N nutrition in foliage from fertilized trees and the control trees. The compositional nutrient diagnosis r2(nutrient imbalance index) was negatively correlated with annual tree growth in height (r = –0.46, P < 0.05) and diameter (r = –0.59, P < 0.05), meaning that trees with a greater nutrient imbalance grew less in height and diameter than trees with balanced foliar nutrition. Of these diagnostic methods, compositional nutrient diagnosis holds promise for identifying nutrient limitations and predicting growth responses to fertilization in hybrid poplar plantations.

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By-Products of Camu-Camu [Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh] as Promising Sources of Bioactive High Added-Value Food Ingredients: Functionalization of Yogurts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25010070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natália Conceição ◽

Bianca R. Albuquerque ◽

Carla Pereira ◽

Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽

Camila B. Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Food System ◽

Food Additives ◽

Added Value ◽

Phenolic Profile ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Myrciaria Dubia ◽

By Products ◽

Fruit Part

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) is a fruit economically relevant to the Amazon region, mostly consumed in the form of processed pulp. Our aim was to perform an unprecedented comparative study on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the camu-camu pulp and industrial bio-residues (peel and seed), and then the most promising fruit part was further explored as a functionalized ingredient in yogurt. A total of twenty-three phenolic compounds were identified, with myricetin-O-pentoside and cyanindin-3-O-glucoside being the main compounds in peels, followed by p-coumaroyl hexoside in the pulp, and ellagic acid in the seeds. The peel displayed the richest phenolic profile among samples, as well as the most significant antibacterial (MICs = 0.625–10 mg/mL) and anti-proliferative (GI50 = 180 µg/mL against HeLa cells) activities. For this reason, it was selected to be introduced in a food system (yogurt). Taken together, our results suggest the possibility of using the camu-camu peel as a source of food additives.

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Valorization of Kiwi by-Products for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds: Circular Economy Model

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Franklin Chamorro ◽

María Carpena ◽

Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez ◽

Miguel A. Prieto ◽

Jesus Simal-Gandara

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Added Value ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

By Products

Currently, agricultural production generates large amounts of organic waste, both from the maintenance of farms and crops, and from the industrialization of the product. Generally, these wastes are accumulated in landfills or burned, sometimes causing environmental problems. However, many scientific studies suggest that these residues are rich in bioactive compounds, so these matrices could be revalued for their use in food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries. In this way, the circular and sustainable economy is favored, while obtaining products with high added value. In this case, this approach is applied to the residues generated from kiwi production, since numerous studies have shown the high content of kiwi in bioactive compounds of interest, such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, and carotenoids. These compounds have been reported for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, among other beneficial properties for health such as its use as prebiotic. Therefore, this article reviews the potential of residues derived from industrial processing and agricultural maintenance of kiwi as promising matrices for the development of new nutraceutical, cosmetic, or pharmacological products, obtaining, at the same time, economic returns and a reduction of the environmental impact of this industry, attaching it to the perspective of the circular economy.

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Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Characterization of a Non-Polar Extract of Saffron Stamens in Food Matrix

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 703

Author(s):

Severino Zara ◽

Giacomo L. Petretto ◽

Alberto Mannu ◽

Giacomo Zara ◽

Marilena Budroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Added Value ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Food Matrix ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

By Products

The production of saffron spice generates large quantities of plant by-products: over 90% of the plant material collected is discarded, and a consideration fraction of this waste is plant stamens. This work investigated the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activities of the non-polar fraction extracted from four different saffron flower stamens. The chemical composition of ethereal extracts of the saffron stamens was qualitatively assessed by means of gas–chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These analyses revealed ethereal extracts to possess a high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In vitro antibacterial activity of stamen extracts showed no large differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In food matrix microbial analysis of the bacterial strains belonging to the main foodborne pathogen species, including Staphylococcus aureus DSM 20231, Escherichia coli DSM 30083, and Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600, using low-fat UHT milk, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of cells (particularly for E. coli and S. aureus with a complete elimination of the population of the two target bacteria following incubation in diethyl ether extracts of saffron stamen (DES) at high concentrations tested, both at 37 °C and 6 °C (for 48 h and 7 days, respectively). A synergic effect was observed when the pathogens were incubated at 6 °C with DES. This work shows these by-products to be excellent sources of bioactive compounds, which could be exploited in high-added-value products, such as food, cosmetics, and drugs.

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Valorisation of Coffee Roasting By-Products: Recovery of Silverskin Fat By Supercritical CO2 Extraction

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-021-01435-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rita Nasti ◽

Andrea Galeazzi ◽

Stefania Marzorati ◽

Federica Zaccheria ◽

Nicoletta Ravasio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scale Up ◽

Added Value ◽

Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽

Green Technologies ◽

Coffee Silverskin ◽

New Concepts ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

High Investment ◽

Fat Yield ◽

By Products

AbstractRecovery of agro and food-industrial waste and their valorisation via green technologies can help to outline new concepts of industrial strategies. In this contest, a fat enriched of added-value components was extracted from coffee silverskin by applying a supercritical fluid extraction technique (sc-CO2). An appropriate modulation of process parameters like temperature (T = 35, 50, 60 °C) and pressure (p = 200–300 bar) influences the fat yield and the chemical composition, opening the way for targeted extraction. The extraction time, the organic solvent use and the energy consume were reduced compared to Soxhlet. Moreover, a mathematical model was constructed based on the experimental data collected, employed apparatus, and physico-chemical characteristics of biomass, pointing to a possible industrial scale-up. The experimental results are accompanied by a preliminary cost of manufacturing (COM), highlighting how the high investment for the apparatus is compensated by several benefits. Graphic Abstract

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Variation of the Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Freshly Prepared Pomegranate Leaf Infusions over One-Day Storage

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1187

Author(s):

Manyou Yu ◽

Irene Gouvinhas ◽

Ana Barros

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Added Value ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Polyphenolic Composition ◽

Punica Granatum L ◽

Intensive Search ◽

By Products

In recent decades, an intensive search for natural and novel types of antioxidant polyphenolics has been carried out on numerous plant materials. However, the current literature has very little information on their storage stability in the form of freshly prepared infusions. This study aims to characterize the polyphenolic composition and the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaf infusions over one-day storage (analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h). Spectrophotometric evaluation demonstrated that the infusion presented no significant changes in the content of total phenols (131.40–133.47 mg gallic acid g−1) and ortho-diphenols (239.91–244.25 mg gallic acid g−1). The infusion also maintained high stability (over 98% and 82%, respectively) for flavonoids (53.30–55.84 mg rutin g−1) and condensed tannins (102.15–124.20 mg epicatechin g−1), with stable (>90%) potent antioxidant capacity (1.5–2.2 mmol Trolox g−1) throughout 0–24 h storage. The main decrease was observed during 0–2 h storage of flavonoids, 8–24 h storage of tannins, and 0–4 h storage of antioxidant capacity. Chromatographic analysis further revealed that 7 decreased and 11 increased compounds were found within 0–24 h storage. The good stability of the total polyphenolics and antioxidant properties might be related to the complex conversion and activity compensation among these compounds. The findings suggest that pomegranate leaf infusion could be of great interest in the valorization of high added-value by-products and in the application of green and functional alternatives in the food-pharma and nutraceutical industries.

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Biorefinery cascade processing for creating added value on tomato industrial by-products from Tunisia

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-016-0676-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mouna Kehili ◽

Lisa Marie Schmidt ◽

Wienke Reynolds ◽

Ayachi Zammel ◽

Carsten Zetzl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Added Value ◽

By Products

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Implementation of green extraction and isolation methodologies for the recovery of bioactive compounds from olive-growing products and by-products

10.12681/eadd/44061 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Νικόλαος Ξυνός

Keyword(s):

Subcritical Water ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Added Value ◽

Green Extraction ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Olive Kernel ◽

Table Olive ◽

Phd Thesis ◽

By Products

The experimental work of this PhD thesis has been scheduled on a three-axis base. Theaims that were set, they concerned the optimal exploitation of four different by-products of the table olive, olive oil and olive kernel oil industries, for the recovery of specific highadded-value compounds with well-known biological properties. Those natural productswere desired either in the form of enriched fractions or pure compounds. The prerequisitewas to utilize as eco-friendly technologies as possible for extraction and purification and tooptimize the processes in laboratory as well as in pilot scale. Thus, trustworthy estimationof industrial feasibility is provided. The main technologies that were implicated for therecovery of the target compounds are: Supercritical fluid extraction Pressurized liquid (and subcritical water) extraction Liquid/liquid extraction Adsorption resin technology Centrifugal Partition ChromatographyThe by-products that were the subject of the tracing/ extraction/ enrichment/identification/ quantification on studies for this PhD thesis were the following: Olive leaves (by-products of the pruning of the trees and of the olive fruit harvest) Olive mill pomace waste (biphasic process) Table olive process wastewater (by-product of the debittering process for theproduction of table olives) Olive kernel oil deodorization distillates (by-product of the refining process for theproduction of olive kernel oil from olive pomace)The natural compounds that were targeted for their recovery, enrichment and isolation dueto their well-established (and still under research) biological properties and theirapplication in pharmaceutical, phytotherapeutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic andcosmeceutical industries were respectively: Oleuropein Hydroxytyrosol SqualeneIn all cases, not only biomarkers’ content but also the overall chemical profile of theextracts was studied. The applied scientific interest of this work was that novel green extraction technologies and combinatorial processes as well as experimental design wereimplemented in lab and pilot scale for the exploitation of certain by-products that occur invery large quantities every year as a result of the agricultural/ industrial processing of theolive tree, with the aim of recovering high added value natural products.

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Bioprocessing of Shrimp Waste Using Novel Industrial By-Products: Effects on Nutrients and Lipophilic Antioxidants

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7040312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

Luis Angel Cabanillas-Bojórquez ◽

Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva ◽

Ramón Ignacio Castillo-López ◽

Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo ◽

Miguel Angel Angulo-Escalante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Rich Source ◽

Added Value ◽

The Novel ◽

Shrimp Waste ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

By Products

The production of marine foods is on the rise, and shrimp is one of the most widely consumed. As a result, a considerable amount of shrimp waste is generated, becoming a hazardous problem. Shrimp waste is a rich source of added-value components such as proteins, lipids, chitin, minerals, and carotenoids; however, new bioprocesses are needed to obtain these components. This work aimed to characterize the chemical and nutraceutical constituents from the liquor of shrimp waste recovered during a lactic acid fermentation process using the novel substrate sources whey and molasses. Our results showed that the lyophilized liquor is a rich source of proteins (25.40 ± 0.67%), carbohydrates (38.92 ± 0.19%), minerals (calcium and potassium), saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, myristic and lauric acids), unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic, and palmitoleic acids), and astaxanthin (0.50 ± 0.02 µg astaxanthin/g). Moreover, fermentation is a bioprocess that allowed us to obtain antioxidants such as carotenoids with an antioxidant capacity of 154.43 ± 4.73 µM Trolox equivalent/g evaluated by the ABTS method. Our study showed that liquor from shrimp waste fermentation could be a source of nutraceutical constituents with pharmaceutical applications. However, further studies are needed to separate these added-value components from the liquor matrix.

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Evaluation of Fatty Acids Profile as a Useful Tool towards Valorization of By-Products of Agri-Food Industry

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10112867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2867

Author(s):

Rui Ferreira ◽

Sílvia Lourenço ◽

André Lopes ◽

Carlos Andrade ◽

José S. Câmara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Food Industry ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Added Value ◽

Fatty Acids Profile ◽

Potential Applications ◽

By Products

Worldwide, the food industry generates a large number of by-products from a wide variety of sources. These by-products represent an interesting and economical source of added value components with potential functionalities and/or bioactivities, which might be explored for industrial purposes, encouraging and promoting the circular economy concept. In this context, the current work aimed to evaluate the fatty acids (FAs) profile using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), as well as the determination of related health lipid indices (e.g., atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI)) as a powerful strategy to investigate the potential applications of different agri-food by-products for human nutrition and animal feeding. This work results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the predominant group in grape pomace (72.7%), grape bunches (54.3%), and brewer’s spent grain (BSG, 59.0%), whereas carrot peels are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs, 47.3%), and grape stems (46.2%), lees (from 50.8 to 74.1%), and potato peels (77.2%) by saturated fatty acids (SFAs). These findings represent a scientific basis for exploring the nutritional properties of agri-food by-products. Special attention should be given to grape pomace, grape bunches, and BSG since they have a high content of PUFAs (from 54.3 to 72.7%) and lower AI (from 0.11 to 0.38) and TI (from 0.30 to 0.56) indexes, suggesting their potential to provide a variety of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases including well-established hypotriglyceridemia and anti-inflammatory effects, products to which they are added.

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