Changes in peptidergic fiber density in the synovium of mice with collagenase-induced acute arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Murakami ◽  
Hiroshi Nakagawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Nishimura ◽  
Saburo Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Protein Gene Product ◽  
Collagenase Injection ◽  
The Right

The effect of acute osteoarthritis (OA) on peripheral nerve fibers (NFs) in synovial tissue, and their association with histological changes were investigated in collagenase-induced OA mice. Collagenase (10 U in 5 μL saline) was injected into the right knee, and the same volume of saline was injected into the left knee as the control. Mice were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the collagenase injection. Histopathological changes in the knee joints were evaluated. The numbers of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5-, calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, and substance P (SP)-positive NFs in the synovial tissue were determined, and their densities in the tissue were calculated. The densities of PGP 9.5- and CGRP-positive NFs in the synovium were drastically decreased 1 week after the collagenase injection. However, by week 4, the density of PGP 9.5- and CGRP-positive NFs had recovered to 84% and 79% of their normal levels, respectively. Despite the poor correlation between the synovitis score and the density of CGRP- or SP-positive NFs in the synovium, the ossification rate of chondrophytes in chondro/osteophyte lesions correlated strongly with the density of CGRP-positive NFs (R = 0.855). These results suggest that the ossification of chondrophytes occurred in parallel with the increase in CGRP-positive fiber density in the synovium during the acute phase of collagenase-induced OA.

Morphological signs of neurogenic inflammation in the heart of rats during aging

2022 ◽  
pp. 831-840
Author(s):  
Е.И. Чумасов ◽  
Е.С. Петрова ◽  
Д.Э. Коржевский
Keyword(s):  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽  
Heart Apparatus

С помощью гистологических методов окраски толуидиновым синим, гематоксилином и эозином и иммуногистохимических реакций на белок PGP 9.5, тирозингидроксилазу (ТГ), белок Iba-1, изучены клеточные изменения в разных отделах сердца крыс линии Wistar в возрасте 18- 23 мес. В соединительной ткани основания сердца обнаружены очаговые воспалительные инфильтраты, внутри которых выявлены PGP 9.5 и ТГ сплетения, состоящие из парасимпатических и симпатических нервных волокон. В области клапанного аппарата, на границе фиброзного кольца и миокарда правого предсердия, обнаружены патологические изменения нервных структур - дегенерация нервных пучков и зернистый распад варикозных аксонов терминального сплетения. Установлены тесные взаимоотношения аксонов терминальной нервной сети с клетками воспалительных инфильтратов и кровеносными сосудами. Определены закономерности встречаемости в различных отделах миокарда у старых животных нейроклеточных воспалительных комплексов, состоящих из нервных волокон, кровеносных капилляров и клеток-участников местного воспалительного процесса (тучных клеток, макрофагов, фибробластов, плазмоцитов). Установлен хронический характер нейрогенного воспаления в сердце при старении. Using histological methods of staining with toluidine blue, hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical reactions for the PGP 9,5 protein, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Iba-1 protein, cellular changes in different parts of the heart of Wistar rats at the age of 18-23 months were studied. In the connective tissue of the heart base, focal inflammatory infiltrates were found, near which PGP 9.5 and TH plexuses, consisting of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers, were detected. In the area of the valvular heart apparatus, at the border of the anneau fibreux and the myocardium of the right atrium, pathological changes in nerve structures were found: degeneration of nerve fibers and granular destruction varicose axons of the terminal plexus. A close relationship has been established between axons of the terminal nervous network and cells of inflammatory infiltrates and blood capillaries. The features of the localization of neurocellular inflammatory complexes consisting of nerve fibers, blood capillaries and cells participating in the local inflammatory process (mast cells, histiocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, plasma cells) in various parts of the myocardium in old animals are described. The chronic nature of neurogenic inflammation in the heart during aging has been established.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent effect of betamethasone on the articular cartilage (experimental study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
A.N. Nuriakhmetov ◽  
◽  
I.F. Akhtiamov ◽  
D.E. Tsyplakov ◽  
A.M. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Introduction Glucocorticosteroid injections have been widely used in clinical practice. Betamethasone is one of the agents of this group of drugs. Its efficacy and therapeutic effect with intra-articular administration are undeniable. There are special instructions on the dosage and frequency of use of the drug but unfortunately there are cases of its wrong administration. There is also an evidence of an adverse effect on cartilage both of the drug itself and its combination with local anesthetics. Aim Evaluation of the results of different weekly intra-articular protocols of betamethasone administration on histological preparations of rabbit knee joints. Methods Histological preparations of the right knee joints of three groups of rabbits were studied: after one, three, and six administrations of betamethason per week and the control intact left knee joints. Results Histological preparations of the control group and the group with a single weekly administration of the drug did not have any changes in the structure of diarthrosis. Dystrophic and necrotic changes affecting all morphological components were observed in the joints of animals that received intra-articular injections of betamethason three times a week (compared to a single injection, the area of dystrophy and necrosis of the cartilage was greater by 10.05 ± 0.75 % (p < 0.05), of subchondral bone by 8.11 ± 0.5 % (p < 0.001), and of synovium by 6.25 ± 0.32 % (p < 0.05). The group with six injections of the drug per week had the most pronounced changes. The area of necrotic changes of the cartilage was greater by 6.39 ± 0.75 % than in the group with three injections per week (p < 0.001), of subchondral bone by 11.18 ± 0.5 % (p < 0.001), of synovium by 6.12 ± 0.32 % (p < 0.001). Discussion Inflammatory cell infiltration of joint structures was absent in all cases. It indicates an aseptic nature of tissue necrosis. Evidence has been obtained between the increase in the frequency of intra-articular injections of betamethasone and the severity of dystrophic and necrotic changes in all morphological components of the joint.

Innervation of the Human Incisive Papilla: Comparison with Other Oral Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Chiaki Endo ◽  
Tadasu Sato ◽  
Takehiro Yajima ◽  
Kaoru Igarashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Protein Gene Product ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Axonal Morphology

Immunohistochemistry for several neurochemical substances was performed on the human incisive papilla and other oral structures. Sodium channel alpha subunit 7 (SCN7A) protein-immunoreactive (IR) Schwann cells and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-IR nerve fibers made nerve plexuses beneath the epithelium of the palate, including the incisive papilla, tongue, and lip. SCN7A immunoreactivity could also be detected in lamellated and nonlamellated capsules of corpuscle endings. Lamellated SCN7A-IR corpuscle endings were mostly restricted to the mucous and cutaneous lips. These endings had thick and spiral-shaped PGP 9.5-IR axons without ramification. Nonlamellated SCN7A-IR corpuscle endings were most numerous in the incisive papilla among the oral regions. On the basis of axonal morphology, the nonlamellated endings were divided into simple and complex types. PGP 9.5-IR terminal axons in the simple type ran straight or meandered with slight ramification, whereas those in the complex type were densely entangled with abundant ramification. Substance P (SP)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2 (TRPV2)-IR varicose fibers were rarely seen beneath the epithelium of oral structures. The present study indicates that the human incisive papilla has many low-threshold mechanoreceptors with nonlamellated capsules. SP-, CGRP-, and TRPV2-containing nociceptors may be infrequent in the incisive papilla and other oral regions.

scholarly journals Radiological Assessment of Femoral Bicondylar Angle among Persons Attending a Tertiary Health Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Allin Pradhan ◽  
CP Lama ◽  
S Dhungel ◽  
SK Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Radiological Assessment ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

 Femoral bicondylar angle is the angle between an axis through the shaft of the femur and a line perpendicular to the infracondylar plane. This study aims to assess femoral bicondylar angle measured from radiograph of femur and knee joints obtained from teaching hospitals in Kathmandu Nepal. Total of two hundred AP view radiograph of knee joint were collected, out of which, 50 each were of male right and left knee joint and 50 each were of female right and left knee joint. The mean angle for the right male femur was 7.86° with the range of 5°-10° and mean angle for the right female femur was 8.82° with the range of 6°-11°. On the left side, bicondylar angle ranged in male from 6° -10° with the average of 7.46° and in female range was 6°-11° and average was 8.66°. The bicondylar angle was higher in female on both the side, the difference was statistically significant on the left side (P=0.004) and significant on the right side (P=0.001). The finding of the study showed the femoral bicondylar angles were greater in right femur than left femur in both sexes. The difference in the bicondylar angle between the right and left femur was statistically insignificant in both sexes. (male p=0.144, female p=0.541). The result from this study has shown that femoral bicondylar angles were generally greater amongst the females as compared to the males; greater in right femur than left femur in both sexes.

Modification of Patients’ Sensitivity to Galvanic Current After the Administered Systemic Cryotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Joanna Łuczak ◽  
Joanna Klonowska ◽  
Joanna Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Test Position ◽  
The Right

Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of patients to galvanic current after systemic cryotherapy. Material and Methods: Study group: 77 physiotherapists – hospital employees, aged 21-64 (AVG 29.4±9.5). The sensitivity was evaluated four times: before and immediately after the systemic cryotherapy procedure (1 session, 2 minutes, temperature -120°C), after exercising on a vertical cycle ergometer (20 minutes) and 4 hours after the procedure. The intensity of the galvanic current, which caused a slight tingling, was recorded. Two electrode placements were used: longitudinal on the upper limbs and transverse over the knee joints. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the mean sensitivity to the galvanic current measured on both upper limbs or over the knee joints increases statistically significantly after systemic cryotherapy treatments. This effect persists even after 4 hours (Friedman’s ANOVA, p<0.001). Statistically significant increases in sensitivity to galvanic current were found compared to initial values for each pair of measurements, irrespective of electrode placement and test position (Wilcoxon test, p<0.01). The increase in sensitivity according to the measuring position concerned 68.8; 63.6; 72.7% of the participants on the left upper limb, on the right 61.0; 68.8; 74.0%, over the left knee joint 61.0; 68.8; 72.7% and over the right 58.4, 75.3 and 80.5% of the subjects in the study group. Conclusions: 1. After the administered systemic cryotherapy, sensitivity to galvanic current increases in most patients. 2. The increase in sensitivity to galvanic current depends on the time difference between treatments and is individually variable.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nerve Fiber Density between Patients with Uterine Leiomyoma with and without Pain: a Prospective Clinical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Giray ◽  
Esra Esim-Buyukbayrak ◽  
Sevinc Hallac-Keser ◽  
Ayse Karageyim-Karsidag ◽  
Aysegul Turkgeldi
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Pain Complaint ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction We aimed to compare the presence and the amount of nerve fibers in endometrial, myometrial and leiomyoma tissues using protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and neurofilament (NF) immunohistochemical staining in uterine leiomyoma patients with and without pain complaint. Methods Patients undergoing hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma were prospectively enrolled in the study. Twenty-five uterine leiomyoma patients without pelvic pain complaint (visual analog scale (VAS) < 5) were assigned to Group 1; 23 uterine leiomyoma patients with pelvic pain complaint (VAS ≥ 5) were assigned to Group 2. Endometrial, myometrial and leiomyoma tissues obtained from hysterectomy specimens were stained immunohistochemically using PGP 9.5 and NF dyes. The presence and density of nerve fibers were compared between the two groups. Results None of the endometrial samples in either groups stained with PGP 9.5 and NF dyes. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of nerve fibers in myometrial and leiomyoma tissues between the two groups with either of the stains (PGP 9.5: p = 0.39 and p = 0.29; NF: p = 0.83 and p = 0.65, respectively). There was agreement between PGP 9.5 and NF immunohistochemical staining for nerve fiber detection in myometrial and leiomyoma tissues (p < 0.05/κ = 0.622 and p < 0.05/κ = 0.388, respectively). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the quantity and density of nerve fibers in myometrial and leiomyoma tissue in patients with pain were similar to that in patients without pain.

Concomitant Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation with Osteochondral Grafting for Treatment of a Massive Osteochondral Defect in the Bilateral Knees of a Child

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimtautas Gudas ◽  
Rasa Simonaitytė ◽  
Emilis Čekanauskas ◽  
Tomas Mickevičius
Keyword(s):  
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Osteochondral Grafting ◽  
Autologous Chondrocyte

We report the case of a 15-year-old patient who underwent concomitant autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral grafting for the treatment of a massive osteochondritis dissecans defect in the left knee and autologous chondrocyte implantation in the right knee joint. Magnetic resonance imaging showed large osteochondral defects in both the knee joints measuring 8–9 cm2. Both defects were located in the weight-bearing areas of the medial femoral condyles. Therefore, simultaneous autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) for the left knee defect and ACI for the right knee joint were performed. Osteochondral plugs were harvested from the patellofemoral joint of the same left knee and grafted into the most dorsal regions of the large osteochondral defect of the left knee. The remaining osteochondral defect was covered with ACI using collagen type I and III membrane and chondrocyte cells. The membrane was implanted into more proximal part of the osteochondral defect of the left knee. Time interval between operations of the left and right knee joints was 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months after each knee surgery showed good preservation of the OAT and ACI grafts. The most recent follow-up examination, performed 12 months after surgeries, has shown excellent results with an International Knee Documentation Committee score of 95.59±4.64 and 96.88±4.69 for the right and left knee joints, respectively, and full range of knee motions with no symptoms. In this clinical case, the combination of ACI and OAT methods in a one-step procedure produced a good reconstruction of the joint surface with excellent clinical outcomes in the both knee joints of the same patient. Autologous osteochondral grafting and autologous chondrocyte implantation can be combined for the treatment of large osteochondral defects of the knee.

scholarly journals Effects of Topical Capsaicin on Cutaneous Innervation: Implications for Pain Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bley
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Protein Gene Product ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density ◽  
Topical Analgesics ◽  
Topical Capsaicin ◽  
Nerve Fiber Density ◽  
Cutaneous Innervation

Changes in cutaneous innervation are a hallmark of neuropathic pain syndromes. Although in few cases the density of cutaneous innervation increases in painful areas, for the most part the density of nociceptive sensory nerve endings decreases and the degree of deinnervation seems to correlate with the severity of pain. In combination with tests for nociceptor function, immunostaining for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is commonly used as diagnostic tool to indicate these pathophysiological changes in cutaneous innervation. However, sole reliance on PGP 9.5 may underestimate the presence of regenerating sensory nerve terminals or fail to capture changes in the expression of proteins such as ion channels or receptors. Topical capsaicin consistently reduces intra-epidermal nerve fiber density assayed via PGP 9.5, and also increases thresholds for activation of some thermoreceptors. The mechanism of action involves a highly localized insult to cutaneous nociceptors mediated by activation of TRPV1 and calcium overload, and perhaps even a direct toxicity to mitochondria. It is possible that topical capsaicin and lidocaine share an ability to reduce cutaneous innervation by inducing localized toxicity in mitochondria-rich nociceptive terminals. Overall, the high local concentrations of drugs and even excipients delivered by topical analgesics into the skin may be able to activate secondary pharmacodynamic processes. Optimizing topical formulations of capsaicin or other analgesics to maximize pain relief with the fewest adverse effects is not a simple matter of varying drug concentration, and it is highly questionable whether ‘bioequivalence’ could ever be based simply upon equivalent cutaneous drug delivery.

Phormium tenax—a proving

1980 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
E.G. McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fine Weather ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sharp Needle

SummaryThough numerous symptoms were experienced, as detailed above, four special effects were particularly noted throughout the proving.1. With the exception of the left hand and left knee, all sensations were mainly confined to the right side—right hand, right wrist, right forearm, right elbow, right knee, right ankle, right side of pelvis, right side of the abdomen. Phormium tenax appears to be a right-sided remedy, with the exceptions that both knees were involved equally and the symptoms of the left fingers were worse than those of the right fingers.2. Despite the physical symptoms, there was a strong feeling of well-being. Sleep was deep, refreshing, and undisturbed. The day's work was accomplished with less fatigue. The symptoms were > mentally, < physically.3. Phormium tenax is a rheumatic remedy, mainly a remedy suitable for joint afflictions. The sensations of puffiness of the joints, weakness in the joints, and the symptom < on pressure suggest inflammation of the synovial linings of the joints. This remedy would appear to suit rheumatoid arthritis in preference to osteo-arthritis.The pains were mainly drawing, stitching pains. On pressure the joints also felt bruised and sore with some aching. There were also sharp needle like pains, and some twitching of the muscles. All pains were < cold, dry, fine weather, > warm wet weather, < 4 a.m. to 11 a.m., < resting in bed or sitting, i.e. < resting, > continued motion. Sometimes < movement to begin with, though ultimately always > with motion. < pressure. e.g. applied pressure on standing (pressure from weight of body).The primary effects were on the fingers of both hands, especially the left hand, the right wrist, right ankle and right heel, and both knee joints. Involvement of the right elbow was also noted to a lesser degree.4. Phormium tenax appears to be a strong diuretic. Urine output was markedly increased. The urine was dark yellow or greenish-yellow and had a strong through normal odour. It appeared to be very much more concentrated than usual.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF EXPERIMENTAL USE OF RATS TO STUDY THE CHONDROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF MEDICAL PRODUCTS FROM HUMAN BLOOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
V. I. Nikolayev ◽  
D. A. Zinovkin ◽  
A. A. Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Human Blood Serum ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Experimental Use

Objective: to study the effect of human blood serum on the structure of the synovial environment of the rat`s joint. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on three groups of white laboratory rats, 12 in each group. All the animals were given injections of human blood serum into the left knee joint, and 0.9% NaCl into the right one (control). The animals of the first group were withdrawn from the experience one week after intra-articular injections, the second and third groups - also a week later, after two and three injections, respectively, the interval between the injections was one week. The histological examination of the knee joints of the rats was made according to the generally accepted procedure. Results. No pathological tissue reactions to the introduction of human blood serum into the joints of the rats have been detected. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that blood serum has a pronounced regenerative potential in relation to cartilage tissue.

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