ANTI-BRUCELLA SERUM: GUINEA PIG PROTECTION EXPERIMENTS

1938 ◽  
Vol 16d (12) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Gwatkin
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Natural Manner ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Control

Guinea pigs were protected against infection with Brucella abortus by intraperitoneal injections of fresh, unpreserved, anti-abortus rabbit serum. In the first two experiments the serum-treated and control animals were exposed to infection by contact with infected guinea pigs, while in the third experiment they were exposed by instillation of the infecting organism into the eye. In the first experiment 60% of the controls and none of the treated animals were infected. In the second, 80% of the controls and 20% of the treated animals were infected. In the third, all of the treated animals were protected, while all of the controls became infected. The former method, although less certain than the latter, is worthy of consideration in experiments of this type, as it permits infection to occur in a natural manner.

scholarly journals EXTIRPATION OF THE THYMUS IN THE GUINEA PIG

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwards A. Park
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Main Lobe ◽  
Technical Error ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Pharyngeal Pouch ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Pharyngeal Pouch

1. Accessory lobes of thymus, derived from the third pharyngeal pouch, occurring in close association with the parathyroids from the third pouch, were found in serial section of the cervical tissues of eleven out of fourteen guinea pigs, and probably would have been found in all fourteen but for a technical error. 2. It is probable, therefore, that accessory lobes of thymus having this situation and origin are usually, if not always, present in the guinea pig. 3. Additional accessory lobes of thymus belonging to, but at some distance from the main lobe were also present in several of the animals. 4. The discovery of these accessory lobes makes it certain that the guinea pig is unsuitable material for complete thymectomy, and probably complete extirpation of the thymus in this animal is rarely, if ever accomplished. 5. The extirpation experiments of previous investigators in the guinea pig must now be regarded as partial extirpations, and their results interpreted in that light. 6. Extirpation of the thymus in the guinea pig produced no changes in the writer's experiments. 7. The study of the serial sections of the cervical tissues of the guinea pig indicates that Ruben's statements regarding the parathyroid derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch in the guinea pig are correct,—that it is much smaller than parathyroid III, may be rudimentary, and is sometimes absent at least on one side. 8. No accessory lobe of thymus was found accompanying the parathyroid from the fourth pouch, a finding also bearing out Ruben's statement that no thymus anlarge springs from the fourth pouch in the guinea pig.

scholarly journals Afibrinogenemia and Thrombocytopenia in Guinea Pigs Following Injection of Echis Colorata Venom

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
JADWIGA RECHNIC ◽  
POLA TRACHTENBERG ◽  
JULIAN CASPER ◽  
CHAJA MOROZ ◽  
ANDRÉ DE VRIES
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Deficiency ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Intravenous injection into the guinea pig of lethal doses of Echis colorata venom or of each of its two chromatographic fractions, separately, caused hemorrhage, afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia. Sublethal venom doses caused afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia in the absence of hemorrhage. Early intravascular clotting was observed following injection of high lethal doses of both whole venom and of procoagulant-containing fraction II, but not of fraction I which was devoid of procoagulant activity. The afibrinogenemia produced by fraction I was due to its fibrinogenolysin, whereas the afibrinogenemia produced by fraction II, which also had fibrinogenolytic activity, was due chiefly to its procoagulant. Anti-Echis colorata venom rabbit serum inhibited the fibrinogenolytic, the procoagulant and the thrombocytopenic activities of the venom.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGY OF THE PERUVIAN STRAINS OF LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi ◽  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Minimum Lethal Dose ◽  
Lethal Doses

Serum from yellow fever convalescents from Payta, Piura, and Morropon gave a positive Pfeiffer reaction with the strains of Leptospira icteroides isolated in Guayaquil and Merida. The serum also protected the guinea pigs from these strains in the majority of instances. The Pfeiffer reaction was complete with all recent convalescents (7 to 36 days) but slight or partial in some instances with serum derived from individuals who had had the attack of yellow fever 10 months previously. The virulence of the Morropon strains was found to be approximately the same as that of the Guayaquil or Merida strains. With one strain the minimum lethal dose for the guinea pig was less than 0.00001 cc. of a kidney emulsion from an infected guinea pig. Suitable quantities of the anti-icteroides serum administered to guinea pigs inoculated with 2,000 to 20,000 minimum lethal doses of infective material prevented the development of the infection, or a fatal outcome, according as the serum was given during the incubation period or after fever had appeared. The earlier the administration of the serum the smaller was the quantity needed; during the incubation period 0.0001 to 0.001 cc. was sufficient, during the febrile period 0.01 to 0.1 cc. was required to check the progress of the disease, and even at the time when jaundice had already appeared, the injection of 0.1 to 1 cc. saved three out of four animals inoculated with Strain 3 and one out of three inoculated with Strain 1. The native guinea pigs secured in Payta proved to be unusually refractory to infection with Leptospira icteroides as compared with normal guinea pigs recently imported from New York. Fresh rabbit serum is recommended for culture work with Leptospira icteroides.

scholarly journals Reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Ende
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Egg Albumin

Attempts to demonstrate reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig with crystalline egg albumin as sensitizing antigen have been uniformly negative.When purified anti-pneumococcal antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen, reversed anaphylactic shock could be elicited in guinea-pigs by the intravenous injection of precipitins for the antibody globulin.The mild reactions which could be elicited when the total globulins from the serum of normal rabbits were used as sensitizing antigen are probably dependent on the presence of small amounts of y globulin.Reversed passive anaphylaxis, like direct anaphylaxis, is dependent on a cellular mechanism, and the success of experiments in which rabbit antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen depends on the acceptability of the antibody to the cells of the guinea-pig's tissues.Antigenic differences between antibody globulins and total normal globulins from rabbit serum are noted.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Tuberculosis Upon The Development Of Brucella Abortus Infection

1936 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Pullinger
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Local Increase ◽  
Full Explanation

Summary and conclusion1. The difficulty of isolating Br. abortus from samples of “dirty” milk by means of guinea-pig inoculation is noted. This has been shown to be due in certain instances to the presence of tubercle bacilli in the inoculum, though this is probably not the full explanation.2. Following the simultaneous inoculation of virulent tubercle bacilli and Br. abortus into guinea-pigs, the latter infection generally failed to become established, whereas control animals inoculated under the same conditions with Brucella, but without tubercle bacilli, became infected.Results of the inoculation of the two organisms into opposite sides of guinea-pigs indicate a generalized as well as a local increase of resistance to Br. abortus.3. It is suggested that the mononuclear cell reaction stimulated by the tubercle bacilli destroyed Br. abortus.I am indebted to the Directors of the United Dairies, Limited, for their interest and financial support. My thanks are due to Dr W. S. Gordon, Moredun, for sending a virulent strain of Br. abortus.

scholarly journals SURFACE TENSION OF SERUM OF THE SENSITIZED GUINEA PIG

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Griffith Ramsdell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
General Process ◽  
Toxic Injury ◽  
Uranium Nitrate

The change in surface tension behavior in the serum of sensitized guinea pigs is, as du Noüy has concluded for immunized rabbit serum, not referable to an antibody content, since we know that the capacity for transfer of sensitization remains in the serum indefinitely, while the increased time-drop phenomenon is a transitory manifestation. That this phenomenon cannot be invoked by a new antigen capable of calling out its specific antibody would seem to make this response one due to some basic stable alteration of a tissue active in the general process of sensitization: That this alteration is not one called out by such a simple toxic injury as a uranium nitrate nephritis is contributory evidence that the primary toxicity of the horse serum is not the specific factor involved.

Mandibular Condylectomy in the Guinea Pig: Quantitative Triple Fluorochrome Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendar N. Soni ◽  
Randolph B. Malloy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
And Control

Different-colored fluorochromes were administered sequentially to guinea pigs and the rate of bone formation measured in their condylectomized and control contralateral hemimandibles. The differences in values of condylectomized and control contralateral sides for demethylchlortetracycline- and total surface area-labeled bone were statistically signifrcant but were not significant for 2,5-bis [N-N1 -di-(Carbomethyl) aminomethyl]- and hematoporphyrin-labeled bone.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF POST-PARTUM ENDOMETRIAL REPAIR IN THE GUINEA-PIG AND RAT

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-NP
Author(s):  
A. SHARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Endometrial Regeneration

An experimental study was made of post-partum endometrial regeneration in twenty-one healthy guinea-pigs and in twenty healthy rats. To serve as controls, one guinea-pig was killed on the day of parturition and another 6½ days following parturition: three rats were killed on the day of parturition and one 6½ days following parturition. All the remaining animals were ovariectomized. Groups of three were killed at the following intervals after parturition, viz.: 22, 40, 58, 84 hr. and 6½ days. In each group, one animal was left uninjected, another injected with oestrogenic hormone and the third injected with corpus luteum hormone. Endometrial regeneration appeared to proceed normally in all the animals.

scholarly journals Immune response of a heat killed Brucella abortus vaccine in guinea pig

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
A. A. Maruf ◽  
M. F. Karim ◽  
S. Tasnin ◽  
A. K. M. A. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Background: Brucellosis is an endemic disease in Bangladesh which has economic impacts attributable to humans and animals. To control bovine brucellosis two types of vaccines are available- vaccine S19 and vaccine SRB51 but they have some adverse effects. On the other hand the heat killed vaccine produces less immunity but no adverse effect. Vaccination against brucellosis in Bangladesh has not yet been initiated and not recommended in subsistence management systems due to very low level of prevalence. But in commercial management systems the prevalence is reported to be higher and vaccination may be initiated. Before importing live vaccine which have some adverse effects locally prepared killed vaccine can be tested for its immune response. Hence this study was undertaken to evaluate the immune response of heat killed vaccine prepared from local isolate in guinea pig. Methods: Brucella abortus recently isolated from aborted fetal membranes (unpublished data) was used for vaccine production. Pour plate technique was used by tenfold serial dilution of the isolate to count cfu (colony forming unit)/ml of Brucella abortus for dose calculation of heat killed vaccine. Bacterial pellet was prepared by centrifugation of 200ml of the cultured broth at 10,000 rpm for 10 mins. The bacterial pellet was mixed with required amount of PBS (phosphate buffer saline) to obtain 40×1010 cfu organisms in 2ml dose for guinea pig inoculation. Then heat killed vaccine was prepared by heating the organism at 80˚C for 90 minutes and the prepared vaccine was inoculated subcutaneously 2ml (4×1010cfu) in each of the guinea pig. The sera of guinea pigs were collected at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 9th week after inoculation to determine the reciprocal antibody (Ab) titre by Rose Bengal test (RBT) and to examine the rise of antibody level by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The antibody level started to rise significantly (p<0.01) from the 2nd week (OD value 0.2287, Reciprocal Ab titre 1:120) and reached a peak level at 4th week (OD value 0.2842, Reciprocal Ab titre 1:800) and then started to decline significantly (p<0.01) from 6th week (OD value 0.1832, Reciprocal Ab titre 1:35) to 9th week (OD value 0.1015, Reciprocal Ab titre 0). Conclusions: Heat killed vaccine without adjuvant induces immune response in guinea pigs which persists for a maximum period of 6 weeks. A further study to investigate the immune response of killed vaccine with adjuvant is recommended.

scholarly journals BOUND COMPLEMENT AND IMMUNOLOGIC INJURY OF BLOOD VESSELS

1965 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Ward ◽  
Charles G. Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Component C ◽  
Vascular Structures

Rats and guinea pigs were depleted of complement (C') by treatment with heat aggregated human γ-globulin (agg HGG), zymosan, anti-ß1C globulin, and carrageenan. Although antigen and antibody were bound to vascular structures, Arthus reactions were inhibited. This inhibition was characterized by the lack of C' binding to walls of vessels, the lack of polymorphonuclear (PMN's) cellular infiltrates, and the lack of significant vascular damage. When the same animals were followed for several hours thereafter, levels of serum C' began to rise, C' was bound in tissues, PMN infiltrates appeared, and immunologic vasculitis developed. Blood counts, chemotaxis of PMN's induced by lysates of PMN granules, together with studies on motility and phagocytosis by PMN's obtained from C' depleted rats, failed to establish any abnormality in these cells which would account for inhibition of Arthus reactions. The specificity of C' depletion in terms of effects in the first four reacting components of guinea pig C' was studied. Treatment with agg HGG led to loss of activity in all components, whereas zymosan and anti-ß1C globulin predominately affected the third component (C'3c). Carrageenan mainly affected the first two reacting components of C'. Thus, the availability of the 3c component, or a subsequently reacting component, correlated with the attraction of PMN's to immune reactants in vivo. Various antibodies with different C' fixing capacities in vitro were tested for their ability to induce immunologic vasculitis in normal animals. In rats, only those antibodies which fixed C' in vitro possessed biological activity, whereas in guinea pigs, all antibodies tested, regardless of C' fixation in vitro, induced Arthus reactions. For a given antibody in rats the vasculitis-inducing property was reflected in its ability to bind C' in vascular structures. Rats depleted of circulating PMN's by specific antibody were tested for Arthus activity. Although concentrations of immune reactants and C' were readily detected in vascular structures, no PMN infiltration occurred and significant vascular damage was averted.

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