Glycogenolytic Enzymes of Cod (Gadus callarias) Muscle

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range

Some properties of the enzymes amylase, phosphorylase, and phosphoglucomutase in homogenates of cod muscle have been investigated. Amylase is activated by a short period of autolysis and by chloride ions; hydrolyses cod muscle glycogen at about half the rate it hydrolyses mussel glycogen; has an optimum temperature of 52 C for up to 5 hr incubation; and has a wide range of activity with maxima around pH 5.1 and between pH. 7.0 and 7.5. Using phloridzin, an estimate of the relative importance of hydrolytic and phosphorolytic cleavage of polysaccharide in cod muscle homogenates has been made. Phosphorylase shows two activity maxima at pH 5.5 and 6.7. The properties of phosphoglucomutase, with the exception of its pH activity, in cod muscle are similar to those reported for this enzyme in other tissues. Cod muscle phosphoglucomutase has maximum activity between pH 8 and 9.

scholarly journals Expression of Bacillus ginsengihumi M2.11 bacterial phytase by recombinant Pichia pastoris strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07013
Author(s):  
Daria L. Itkina ◽  
Aliya D. Suleymanova ◽  
Margarita R. Sharipova
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range

Phytic acid is the main storage form of organic phosphorus. Due to its structural features, phosphorus in phytate is inaccessible for assimilation by animals. Moreover, remaining inaccessible reservoir of phosphorus for animal nutrition, phytic acid is capable of forming insoluble complex salts, which lead to soil and water pollution. Мicrobial enzymes - phytases, capable of decomposing phytic acid to organic phosphorus are being used as feed additives in animal nutrition to solve this problem. Thus, search and development of technologies for the production of enzymes on an industrial scale are the most urgent. Methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris are widely used in biotechnology, as an efficient system for the recombinant proteins expression. They have many advantages, including rapid growth on inexpensive media, a wide range of molecular tools for genetic manipulation in optimizing production processes, they are safe for humans and animals, carry-out many post-translational modifications and produce recombinant proteins intracellularly or extracellularly within a short period of time. It was found that the recombinant P. pastoris strains pPINK-LC-α-MF -phyC, pPINK-HC-α-amyl -phyC, pPINK-LC-α-amyl -phyC, pPINK-HC-α-MF -phyC are able to produce and to secrete B. ginsengihumi bacterial phytase M 2.11 phyC. The maximum activity was observed in the pPINK-LC-α-MF strain – 2.6 (U / mg). Recombinant B. ginsengihumi M 2.11 phytases exhibited high activity in a wide pH range from 2.5 to 9.0. The MF-phyC-HC construction is pH stable. The temperature optimum of all recombinant phytases corresponds to 37 ° C; recombinant phytases retain their activity in the range from -80 to 90C.

scholarly journals The Band-Gap Studies of Short-Period CdO/MgO Superlattices

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Przeździecka ◽  
P. Strąk ◽  
A. Wierzbicka ◽  
A. Adhikari ◽  
A. Lysak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Salt Structure ◽  
Short Period Superlattices ◽  
Direct Band ◽  
Sublayer Thickness

AbstractTrends in the behavior of band gaps in short-period superlattices (SLs) composed of CdO and MgO layers were analyzed experimentally and theoretically for several thicknesses of CdO sublayers. The optical properties of the SLs were investigated by means of transmittance measurements at room temperature in the wavelength range 200–700 nm. The direct band gap of {CdO/MgO} SLs were tuned from 2.6 to 6 eV by varying the thickness of CdO from 1 to 12 monolayers while maintaining the same MgO layer thickness of 4 monolayers. Obtained values of direct and indirect band gaps are higher than those theoretically calculated by an ab initio method, but follow the same trend. X-ray measurements confirmed the presence of a rock salt structure in the SLs. Two oriented structures (111 and 100) grown on c- and r-oriented sapphire substrates were obtained. The measured lattice parameters increase with CdO layer thickness, and the experimental data are in agreement with the calculated results. This new kind of SL structure may be suitable for use in visible, UV and deep UV optoelectronics, especially because the energy gap can be precisely controlled over a wide range by modulating the sublayer thickness in the superlattices.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Paul M. Moore ◽  
Gregg Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

Carpatho-Ukraine’s defeat as a precursor of WWII

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
A.I. Kudriachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
International Context ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
The Third Reich

The paper analyzes the course of events and the international context of Сarpatho- Ukrainian state’s rise and defeat in terms of role and impact of the leading European actors at the end of the 1930’s. Based on an in-depth study of the wide range of literature, documents and relevant archives, the author highlights the role of Carpatho-Ukraine, which for a short period happened to be at the epicenter of the geopolitical interests of the states whose actions or inaction fueled the warmongers. The revival and strengthening of a number of European countries at that historical period deteriorized international relations. The erosion of the Versailles-Washington bases intensified the contradictions in the foreign policy between the victorious and vanquished states. The defeated countries reinforced their positions, since the victors, who were expanding their military might at the expense of Czechoslovak Republic, including Transcarpathia, were becoming more submissive in accommodating territorial claims. This situation largely updated the approaches to the Ukrainian question. The variability of the ways to solve it largely depended on the situational decisions of the Third Reich political leadership.

scholarly journals Two conjugate convection boundary-layers of counter forced flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 835-846
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mosaad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Problem ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Convection Boundary ◽  
Laminar Forced Convection

In this study, the conjugate heat transfer problem of two laminar forced convection boundary-layers of counter flow on the opposite sides of a conductive wall is analyzed by employing the integral method. The analysis is conducted in a dimensionless framework to generalize the solution. The dimensionless parameters affecting the thermal interaction between the two convection layers are deduced from the analysis. These parameters give a measure of the relative importance of interactive heat transfer modes. Mean Nusselt number data are obtained for a wide range of the main affecting parameters.

scholarly journals Observations of rapid-fire event tremor at Lascar volcano, Chile

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Asch ◽  
K. Wylegalla ◽  
M. Hellweg ◽  
D. Seidl ◽  
H. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Local Seismicity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lascar Volcano

During the Proyecto de Investigaciòn Sismològica de la Cordillera Occidental (PISCO '94) in the Atacama desert of Northern Chile, a continuously recording broadband seismic station was installed to the NW of the currently active volcano, Lascar. For the month of April, 1994, an additional network of three, short period, three-component stations was deployed around the volcano to help discriminate its seismic signals from other local seismicity. During the deployment, the volcanic activity at Lascar appeared to be limited mainly to the emission of steam and SO2. Tremor from Lascar is a random, «rapid-fire» series of events with a wide range of amplitudes and a quasi-fractal structure. The tremor is generated by an ensemble of independent elementary sources clustered in the volcanic edifice. In the short-term, the excitation of the sources fluctuates strongly, while the long-term power spectrum is very stationary.

scholarly journals Metacognition: A new cognitive paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kankaras
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metacognitive Experiences

This article reviews concept of metacognition, defined as: (a) knowledge about ones own cognitive activity, (b) strategies to monitor and regulate cognitive activity and behavior, and (c) subjective or metacognitive experiences which comes from some changes or temporary difficulties in cognitive functioning. While describing different conceptualizations of metacognition, its development, fields of application, relation with intelligence, and its constrictions and ambiguity, we attempt to present new and emerging metacognitive paradigm, which is, for a relatively short period, succeeded to improve, expand, and redefine wide range of theoretical and practical fields in psychology, on new and original way. How do we become conscious of our own cognitive processes? What role and significance that consciousness has, what is the functional level above thinking processes and how that level, which monitor and control cognitive activity, works. Metacognition is concept that presents, as so far, the most important insight in those human mind areas, which, although very important, remained on the margin of psychological investigations until now.

scholarly journals Which facial features are central in impression formation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Jaeger ◽  
Alex Lee Jones
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Wide Range

Which facial characteristics do people rely on when forming personality impressions from faces? Previous research has uncovered an array of facial features that influence people’s impressions. Even though some (classes of) features, such as facial width-to-height ratio or resemblances to emotional expressions, play a central role in theories of social perception, their relative importance in impression formation remains unclear. Here, we model faces along a wide range of theoretically important dimensions. We use machine learning to test how well 31 features predict impressions of trustworthiness and dominance in a diverse set of 597 faces. In line with overgeneralization theory, emotion resemblances were most predictive of both traits. Other features that have received a lot of attention in the literature, such as facial width-to-height ratio, were relatively uninformative. Our results highlight the importance of modeling faces along a wide range of dimensions to elucidate their relative importance in impression formation.

Purification and properties of glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase from the ruminal protozoan Entodinium caudatum

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
R. Islam Khan ◽  
R. John Wallace ◽  
C. Jamie Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
S 100 ◽  
A Cell

Entodinium species are important in catabolic protein metabolism by the mixed ruminal microbial population. This study was conducted to purify, and investigate properties of one of the enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum, glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase (GPA; EC 2.6.1.64). GPA was purified 74-fold from a cell-free extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with phenyl-superose, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Sephacryl S-100 HR, and Sephadex G-100. The molecular mass of GPA was estimated by SDS–PAGE to be 65.0 kDa. The optimum pH was 6.0 and it was found to be reactive over a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 10.5. Maximum activity of GPA occurred at 45°C and the activity declined at temperatures over 55°C. GPA was stable below 60°C. Aminooxyacetate and phenylhydrazine were highly inhibitory, and SDS, EDTA, and some heavy metal ions also inhibited activity. The purification and characterisation of the enzyme will help to isolate the gene and ultimately to understand the role of GPA in both anabolic and catabolic amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum.

Observations on the turbulent fluctuations of a tidal current

1949 ◽  
Vol 199 (1058) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Tidal Current ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Turbulent Fluctuations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

Records have been obtained of fluctuations in the speed of the tidal current in the Mersey estuary, using a current meter in a stand on the bottom, and compared with other records taken with the meter suspended freely at various depths. The fluctuations covered a wide range of periods but could be separated into two main types: ‘short period’, having periods of the order of a few seconds, and ‘long period’, with periods from 30 sec. to several minutes. The amplitudes, periods and auto-correlation of the short-period fluctuations have been examined in some detail, and it is concluded that the fluctuations observed near the bottom are evidence of the turbulence associated with bottom friction. It is believed to be the first time that the presence of turbulent velocity fluctuations of this time-scale in the sea has been established experimentally. The long-period fluctuations resemble those found in previous investigations and show features consistent with their being turbulent in origin also, although turbulence of the time-scale involved in their case would probably be mainly horizontal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document