Acute Toxicity of Chlorine to Selected Estuarine Species

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2525-2528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris H. Roberts Jr. ◽  
Robert J. Diaz ◽  
Michael E. Bender ◽  
Robert J. Huggett
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Estuarine Water ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Estuarine Species

Two flowing water systems designed to test the acute toxicity of chlorine in estuarine water are described, one adapted for microscopic species, the other for larger species. Acute toxicity results for several invertebrate and fish species are presented. Molluscan larvae and Acartia tonsa were the most sensitive species tested, with 48-h TL50 values less than 0.005 ppm.

scholarly journals Morphological and hematological studies of Trypanosoma spp. infecting ornamental armored catfish from Guamá River-PA, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Y. Fujimoto ◽  
Mikaelle S. Neves ◽  
Ruda F.B. Santos ◽  
Natalino C. Souza ◽  
Marcia V.S. do Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Hematological Response ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

A total of 281 specimens of freshwater armored ornamental fish species (Leporacanthicus galaxias, Lasiancistrus saetiger, Cochliodon sp., Hypostomus sp., Pseudacanthicus spinosus, Ancistrus sp. and Rineloricaria cf. lanceolata) were captured at the hydrological basin of Guamá River, Pará, Brazil. The infection by Trypanosoma spp. was inspected. The morphological and morphometric characterization of the parasites and the hematological parameters were determined. Leporacanthicus galaxias and Pseudacanthicus spinosus presented 100% infection prevalence, and the other species showed a variable prevalence of infection. The parasites showed clearly different morphotypes and dimensions, and probably belong to different species. The hematological response to the infection varied with the host. Cochliodon sp. showed no differences between infected and not infected fish. In other species several modifications on some hematological parameters were found, but apparently without causing disease. It is emphasized the possibility of introduction of the parasites in new environments due to the artificial movements of these ornamental fish.

Effects of inhaled cadmium on breathing in the mouse

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukiko Ueda ◽  
Midori Nagata ◽  
Toshifumi Nagata ◽  
Masaki Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Respiration Frequency ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Carrier Solvent

Effects of intranasally administered cadmium (3.67 μg Cd ~ 36.7 mg per mouse) on breathing were investigated in mice under pentobarbital anesthesia. Cd levels found in the respiratory tract were dependent on the amount administered. Cd mainly caused degeneration and desquamation of the bronchial epithelium and pulmonary congestion, while the carrier solvent had no effects. On the other hand, the carrier solvent decreased respiratory frequency and enhanced its amplitude. These effects were absent 24 h later. However, Cd strongly affected respiration; frequency and amplitude were decreased and recovery at 24 h was not complete at the higher concentrations. These effects by Cd on respiration were dependent on the concentration of administered Cd and the Cd level in lung. Therefore, these results suggest that intranasally administered Cd has inhibitory effects on mouse respiration, perhaps owing to its acute toxicity to pulmonary tissues.Key words: cadmium, mouse, inhalation, lung, respiration.

scholarly journals Stability of Sheet Water Flow Under a Glacier

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (103) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weertman ◽  
G. E. Birchfield
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Primary Origin ◽  
Basal Shear

AbstractWalder recently analyzed the initial instability of water flow in a sheet under a glacier that is produced by greater heat production in the flowing water and thus the larger rate of ice melting where a perturbation has increased the water sheet thickness. We have looked at the problem from the other presumed final state. We assume that instabilities have finally caused all the water to flow in channels (R-channels) at the bed. We investigated whether these channels can collect enough of the water that is produced by the geothermal heat and the heat sliding to remain in existence. When a basal shear stress is present, the distance out to which a channel can collect water is not that much greater than the channel radius itself. It is concluded that it is not likely for the channel to be able to collect appreciable amounts of water that is produced at the bed. Hence despite the indication that an instability initially might grow in a water sheet, this instability either cannot develop to the point when the water flow is primarily in channels or else the water flow alternates cyclically between a state primarily of sheet flow and a state of channel flow. It would appear that the channels that do exist under a glacier have their primary origin in the melt water from the upper surface that pours down moulins and thus is already channelized by the time it reaches the bed.

Case of flexor tenosynovitis caused by Mycobacterium arupense

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e245130
Author(s):  
Kushali Patel ◽  
John Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Environmental Pathogens ◽  
Fish Tanks ◽  
Flexor Tenosynovitis

Mycobacterium arupense is a member of the Mycobacterium terrae complex (MTC) that is implicated in bone and joint infections, among others. This group of environmental pathogens can be found in soil, reclaimed and drinking water systems, rodents, fish tanks and bioaerosols in duck houses. Interestingly, while M. arupense is genotypically closely related to the other agents in the MTC, antibiotic susceptibility of these mycobacteria can vary widely and empiric antibiotic therapy is controversial. Our case report contributes to the very limited literature on M. arupense tenosynovitis—as only six cases have been reported since 2008—and sheds light on different courses of treatment. While previous cases have been successfully treated, a streamlined course of therapy for M. arupense tenosynovitis is still needed.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Water Remediation Potential of Nanomaterials and Their Ecotoxicological Impacts

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Ghadimi ◽  
Sasan Zangenehtabar ◽  
Shahin Homaeigohar
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Soil And Water

Nanomaterials, i.e., those materials which have at least one dimension in the 1–100 nm size range, have produced a new generation of technologies for water purification. This includes nanosized adsorbents, nanomembranes, photocatalysts, etc. On the other hand, their uncontrolled release can potentially endanger biota in various environmental domains such as soil and water systems. In this review, we point out the opportunities created by the use of nanomaterials for water remediation and also the adverse effects of such small potential pollutants on the environment. While there is still a large need to further identify the potential hazards of nanomaterials through extensive lab or even field studies, an overview on the current knowledge about the pros and cons of such systems should be helpful for their better implementation.

Acute toxicity of Bisphenol A (BPA) to tropical marine and estuarine species from different trophic groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 115911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Naveira ◽  
Nathália Rodrigues ◽  
Fernanda S. Santos ◽  
Luciano N. Santos ◽  
Raquel A.F. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Estuarine Species

scholarly journals The acute toxicity of clove oil to fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Oil Composition

Clove oil (active substance eugenol) is an anaesthetic used in aquaculture for stress prevention and prevention of mechanical damage during veterinary procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of clove oil in two aquarium fish species - zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata), which are considered the most commonly used model organisms in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD no. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test) was used for testing the toxicity of clove oil for juvenile fish. A series of 5 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The results obtained (number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 program in order to determine 96hLC50 clove oil values. The significance of the difference between 96hLC50 values in D. rerio and P. reticulata was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The 96hLC50 mean value for clove oil was 18.2 ± 5.52 mg·l–1 in juvenile D. rerio and 21.7 ± 0.8 mg·l–1 in P. reticulata. In spite of variability in clove oil composition, acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile stages of both fish species were comparable. The results did not show different sensitivities to clove oil in tested fish species. This is the first similar study in these fish species.

The early life stages of an estuarine fish, the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), are tolerant to high pCO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Lonthair ◽  
Rasmus Ern ◽  
Andrew J. Esbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Red Drum ◽  
Sciaenops Ocellatus ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Estuarine Species

Ocean acidification (OA) and other climate change induced environmental alterations are resulting in unprecedented rates of environmental deterioration. This environmental change is generally thought to be too fast for adaptation using typical evolutionary processes, and thus sensitivity may be dependent on the presence of existing tolerant genotypes and species. Estuaries undergo natural pCO2 fluctuations over a variety of time scales, and levels regularly exceed the predicted end of the century values. Interestingly, estuarine fish species have been overlooked in reference to the impacts of OA. Here, we use the estuarine red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) as a model to explore the hypothesis that early life stages of estuarine species have intrinsic tolerance to elevated pCO2. Our sensitivity endpoints included: survival, growth, yolk consumption, heart rate, and scototaxis. Survival was significantly decreased when exposed to 1300 μatm and 3000 μatm, and coincided with a significant increase in heart rate at the 3000 μatm exposure. However, these effects were less pronounced than the findings of previous studies on other marine fish species. Yolk depletion rate and standard length were not significantly affected by pCO2. Scototaxis behaviour was also not significantly affected by exposure to elevated levels of pCO2 under both acute and acclimated exposure scenarios. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that estuarine life history and habitat usage may play a critical role in determining sensitivity of fish species to OA. Furthermore, estuarine species may provide present-day insight into the physiological and ecological foundation of OA tolerance.

Acute Toxicity and Effects Analysis of Endosulfan Sulfate to Freshwater Fish Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Carriger ◽  
Tham C. Hoang ◽  
Gary M. Rand ◽  
Piero R. Gardinali ◽  
Joffre Castro
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Endosulfan Sulfate ◽  
Freshwater Fish Species
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