GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN MICE. I. CROSSES BETWEEN A/J, SWR/J, AND THEIR HYBRIDS

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Schlager
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Physiological Studies

Analysis of data from crosses between the A/J and SWR/J strains showed that the genic action of the alleles affecting blood pressure by which these strains differ act additively in the males. The apparent partial dominance observed in the female data was due to the truncation of the upper tail of the distribution of blood pressures in the SWR/J strain. When the data were corrected for this truncation, an additive model of inheritance also fitted the female data.The genetic control of hematocrit per cent and relative kidney weight was indicated. The inheritance is additive for hematocrit, and is more complex for relative kidney weight where epistatic interactions are involved. The A/J and SWR/J strains did not differ in renin granularity.The interrelationship of hematocrit per cent, relative kidney weight, renin granularity, and blood pressure was investigated. Hematocrit and renin granularity were considered not to be the source of the blood pressure differences between the two strains. Significant phenotypic and genetic correlations between relative kidney weight and blood pressure were discernible in the male data, but not among the females.

scholarly journals Blood pressure and renal blow flow responses in heme oxygenase-2 knockout mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (6) ◽  
pp. R1822-R1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Stec ◽  
Trinity Vera ◽  
Megan V. Storm ◽  
Gerald R. McLemore ◽  
Michael J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Renal Circulation ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Heme oxygenase (HO) is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of heme-generating carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin in this process. HO-2 is the constitutively expressed isoform in most tissues, such as the kidney and vasculature. CO generated by HO is believed to be an important vasodilator in the renal circulation along with another gas, nitric oxide (NO). To determine the importance of HO-2 in the regulation of blood pressure and renal blood flow (RBF), we treated HO-2 knockout (KO) mice chronically with either ANG II or NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Basal blood pressures were not different between wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HET), or KO mice and averaged 113 ± 3 vs. 115 ± 2 vs. 116 ± 2 mmHg. Similar increases in blood pressure to chronic ANG II as well as l-NAME treatment were observed in all groups with blood pressures increasing an average of 30 mmHg in response to ANG II and 15 mmHg in response to l-NAME. Basal RBFs were not different between the groups averaging 6.0 ± 0.5 ( n = 6) vs. 4.8 ± 0.6 ( n = 10) vs. 5.8 ± 0.7 ( n = 6) ml·min−1·g−1 kidney weight in WT, HET, and KO mice. HO-2 KO and HET mice exhibited an attenuated decrease in RBF in response to acute administration of ANG II, while no differences were observed with l-NAME. Our data indicate that blood pressure and RBF responses to increased ANG II or inhibition of nitric oxide are not significantly enhanced in HO-2 KO mice.

scholarly journals 279GWAS of heart rate in 87,759 Chinese subjects highlighted its genetic correlations with cardiometabolic traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songchun Yang ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zheng Bian ◽  
Robin G. Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Asian Cohort ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

Abstract Background Resting heart rate (RHR) has been associated with risks of mortality and multiple chronic diseases. Previous studies, predominantly conducted in Europeans, have reported 91 independent variants associated with RHR and its genetic correlations with several cardiometabolic traits. Studies from East Asians are lacking. Methods We performed a GWAS for RHR in 87,701 participants aged 30-79 years from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). A linear mixed model was used under an additive model. Replication was conducted in 37,251 Chinese participants from CKB and UK Biobank. We conducted LD score regression to quantify genetic correlations across RHR and 11 cardiometabolic traits. Results Only 50 previously reported variants were replicated in CKB (=0.025). We identified ten novel loci associated with RHR (P<5 × 10-8), of which 50 candidate genes were prioritized. RHR showed significant genetic correlations with diastolic blood pressure (rg=0.258, P=5.71 × 10−10), mean arterial pressure (rg=0.225, P=3.08 × 10−8), systolic blood pressure (rg=0.170, P=4.92 × 10−5), plasma glucose (rg=0.197, P=0.003), total cholesterol (rg=0.287, P=0.012), and high-density lipoprotein (rg=0.246, P=0.030). Conclusions We identified ten novel loci associated with RHR in a large Asian cohort. The identified genetic correlations of RHR with blood pressure, glucose, and lipids indicate previously reported association of RHR with risk of all-cause death might be mediated via its correlations with cardiometabolic traits. Key messages

Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Maintenance of Cerebral and Renal Hypertension

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Rothman ◽  
Douglas R. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

The blood pressure responses to various drugs were investigated in renal hypertensive, cerebral hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. Hexamethonium bromide and Dibenamine reduced the blood pressures of renal and cerebral hypertensives. Effects in the normal were insignificant. The cerebral hypertensive's blood pressure was slightly affected by benzodioxane. Blood pressure was not reduced at all in the other groups. Blood pressure of the renal hypertensive rabbit was greatly reduced by Veriloid and dihydroergocornine. Blood pressures of cerebral and normal animals were affected to a lesser degree. The results suggest that maintenance of hypertension in the cerebral hypertensive rabbit depends on an overactive sympathetic nervous system, possibly due to the release of medullary pressor centers from inhibitory impulses originating in higher centers; whereas, the maintenance of hypertension in the renal hypertensive rabbit may be attributed to an increased reactivity of the peripheral vasculature to a normal sympathetic tone.

Physical exercise and blood pressure with reference to the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Rauramaa ◽  
Raimo Kuhanen ◽  
Timo A. Lakka ◽  
Sari B. Väisänen ◽  
Pirjo Halonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Agt Gene ◽  
M235t Polymorphism

We investigated the role of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism in determining blood pressure (BP) response to moderate intensity exercise in a 6-yr randomized controlled trial in 140 middle-aged men. Sitting, supine, and standing blood pressures were measured annually. Of the randomized men, 86% participated in the trial for 6 yr. Submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness increased by 16% in the exercise group. In the M homozygotes, sitting systolic BP decreased by 1.0 mmHg in the exercise but increased by 14.6 mmHg in the reference group ( P = 0.007 for net effect). Sitting and supine diastolic BP decreased by 6.2 and 3.3 mmHg in the exercise but increased by 2.8 and 3.2 mmHg in the reference group ( P = 0.026 and 0.024 for net effects), respectively. Regular moderate intensity exercise attenuates aging-related increase in systolic BP and decreases diastolic BP among the M homozygotes of the AGT gene M235T polymorphism.

Genetic control of kraft pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond J. Stackpole ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes ◽  
Christopher E. Harwood ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Economic Worth

Pulp yield is an important breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus Labill., but evaluation of its genetic control and genetic correlations with other traits has been limited by its high assessment cost. We used near infrared spectroscopy to study genetic variation in pulp yield and other traits in a 16-year-old E. globulus trial. Pulp yield was predicted for 2165 trees from 467 open-pollinated families from 17 geographic subraces. Significant differences between subraces and between families within subraces were detected for all traits. The high pulp yield of southern Tasmanian subraces suggested that their economic worth was previously underestimated. The narrow-sense heritability of pulp yield was medium (0.40). The significant positive genetic correlation between pulp yield and diameter (0.52) was at odds with the generally neutral values reported. The average of the reported genetic correlations between pulp yield and basic density (0.50) was also at odds with our nonsignificant estimate. Pulp yield of the subraces increased with increasing latitude, producing a negative correlation with density (–0.58). The absence of genetic correlations within subraces between pulp yield and density suggests that the correlation may be an independent response of the two traits to the same or different selection gradients that vary with latitude.

Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and blood pressure at 14 years of age in preterm children

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. DOYLE ◽  
G. W. FORD ◽  
N. M. DAVIS ◽  
C. CALLANAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroid ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Clinical Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

Antenatal corticosteroid therapy substantially improves the survival rate of preterm infants, with few side effects. Higher blood pressure in adulthood has been described in several animal species after exposure to antenatal corticosteroids, but there are no similar reports in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between exposure to antenatal corticosteroid therapy and blood pressure at 14 years of age. This was a cohort study of 210 preterm survivors with birthweights of < 1501 g born in the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 1982. Blood pressure was measured in 177 subjects (84.3%) at 14 years of age with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Children exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (n = 89) had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those not exposed to corticosteroids (n = 88) [mean difference (95% confidence interval) (mmHg): systolic, 4.1 (0.1–8.0); diastolic, 2.8 (0.05–5.6)]. However, few had blood pressure in the hypertensive range. It is concluded that antenatal corticosteroid therapy is associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures in adolescence, and might lead to clinical hypertension in survivors well beyond birth.

scholarly journals Spontaneous one-kidney rats are more susceptible to develop hypertension by DOCA-NaCl and subsequent kidney injury compared with uninephrectomized rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (10) ◽  
pp. F1054-F1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexiang Wang ◽  
Ashley C. Johnson ◽  
Jennifer M. Sasser ◽  
Jan M. Williams ◽  
Leah C. Solberg Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Solitary Kidney ◽  
Course Evaluation ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Unilateral Renal Agenesis ◽  
Single Kidney

There is little clinical data of how hypertension may influence individuals with nephron deficiency in the context of being born with a single kidney. We recently developed a new rat model (the heterogeneous stock-derived model of unilateral renal agenesis rat) that is born with a single kidney and exhibits progressive kidney injury and decline in kidney function with age. We hypothesized that DOCA-salt would induce a greater increase in blood pressure and therefore accelerate the progression of kidney injury in rats born with a solitary kidney compared with rats that have undergone unilateral nephrectomy. Time course evaluation of blood pressure, kidney injury, and renal hemodynamics was performed in the following six groups of animals from weeks 13 to 18: 1) DOCA-treated rats with a solitary kidney (DOCA+S group), 2) placebo-treated rats with a solitary kidney, 3) DOCA-treated control rats with two kidneys (DOCA+C group), 4) placebo-treated control rats with two kidneys, 5) DOCA-treated rats with two kidneys that underwent uninephrectomy (DOCA+UNX8 group), and 6) placebo-treated rats with two kidneys that underwent uninephrectomy. DOCA+S rats demonstrated a significant rise ( P < 0.05) in blood pressure (192 ± 4 mmHg), proteinuria (205 ± 31 mg/24 h), and a decline in glomerular filtration rate (600 ± 42 μl·min−1·g kidney weight−1) relative to the DOCA+UNX8 (173 ± 3 mmHg, 76 ± 26 mg/24 h, and 963 ± 36 μl·min−1·g kidney weight−1) and DOCA+C (154 ± 2 mmHg, 7 ± 1 mg/24 h, and 1,484 ± 121 μl·min−1·g kidney weight−1) groups. Placebo-treated groups showed no significant change among the three groups. An assessment of renal injury markers via real-time PCR/Western blot analysis and histological analysis was concordant with the measured physiological parameters. In summary, congenital solitary kidney rats are highly susceptible to the induction of hypertension compared with uninephrectomized rats, suggesting that low nephron endowment is an important driver of elevated blood pressure, hastening nephron injury through the transmission of elevated systemic blood pressure and thereby accelerating decline in kidney function.

scholarly journals Understanding the seasonality of performance resilience to climate volatility in Mediterranean dairy sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Tsartsianidou ◽  
Vanessa Varvara Kapsona ◽  
Enrique Sánchez-Molano ◽  
Zoitsa Basdagianni ◽  
Maria Jesús Carabaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAs future climate challenges become increasingly evident, enhancing performance resilience of farm animals may contribute to mitigation against adverse weather and seasonal variation, and underpin livestock farming sustainability. In the present study, we develop novel seasonal resilience phenotypes reflecting milk production changes to fluctuating weather. We evaluate the impact of calendar season (autumn, winter and spring) on animal performance resilience by analysing 420,534 milk records of 36,908 milking ewes of the Chios breed together with relevant meteorological data from eastern Mediterranean. We reveal substantial seasonal effects on resilience and significant heritable trait variation (h2 = 0.03–0.17). Resilience to cold weather (10 °C) of animals that start producing milk in spring was under different genetic control compared to autumn and winter as exemplified by negative genetic correlations (− 0.09 to − 0.27). Animal resilience to hot weather (25 °C) was partially under the same genetic control with genetic correlations between seasons ranging from 0.43 to 0.86. We report both favourable and antagonistic associations between animal resilience and lifetime milk production, depending on calendar season and the desirable direction of genetic selection. Concluding, we emphasise on seasonal adaptation of animals to climate and the need to incorporate the novel seasonal traits in future selective breeding programmes.

Effect of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, cortisol and dopamine β-hydroxylase

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Bannan ◽  
J. F. Potter ◽  
D. G. Beevers ◽  
J. B. Saunders ◽  
J. R. F. Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Blood Pressures

1. Sixty-five alcoholic patients admitted for detoxification had blood pressure, withdrawal symptoms, plasma cortisol (PC) and plasma aldosteron (PA) levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), and serum dopamin β-hydroxylase (DBH) levels measured on the first and fourth days after admission. 2. On the morning after admission blood pressure was elevated (>140/90) in 32 patients (49%) and was 160/95mmHg or more in 21 (32%). PRA was initially elevated in 41 patients, PA levels in 14, and 13 patients had raised PC levels. By the fourth day, blood pressure and bio-chemical measures had fallen significantly while urine volume and sodium output, low on admission, had increased significantly. On admission urinary metanephrine levels were raised in four out of the 31 patients who had them measured. 3. The height of both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures was significantly related to the severity of the alcohol. withdrawal symptoms. Of the biochemical parameters measured, PC level correlated with systolic but not diastolic pressure, and urinary volume was inversely correlated with the height of the diastolic pressure. No relationship was found between blood pressure and PRA or PA level. 4. The pressor effect of alcohol withdrawal could be due to sympathetic nervous system overactivity, or possibly to hypercortisolaemia. The first hypothesis seems more likely.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1034
Author(s):  
M. De Swiet ◽  
E. A. Shinebourne ◽  
P. M. Fayers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Blood Pressures

We agree with Dr Gillum that omission of some of the readings made at ages 6 months and 1 year could have produced bias in the results that we have quoted for blood pressure at these ages. However, the 5-cm cuff whose results were omitted was one of the middle sized cuffs and therefore the weights of the infants whose blood pressures were omitted were in the middle of the distribution at each age. As the Table shows, their blood pressures when measured on other occasions were also not significantly different from the blood pressures of the entire study group.

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