Datum definition in the gps era

CISM journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Haim B. Papo ◽  
Avraham Perelmuter
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Gps Measurements ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Definition Of

The dramatic changes in geodetic practice brought about by the implementation of GPS may call for a change in our understanding and definition of the geodetic datum. The contribution of GPS measurements is divided into a “datum-definition” component and into a datumless “differential” component. In densification of geodetic control only the datumless component is to be employed. In the establishment of a primary geodetic network both components can be used. However, the datum-definition component serves mainly as a data source for determining the ever-changing relationship between the GPS datum and datum of the geodetic network.

scholarly journals Extraction of the deterministic ingredient of a dynamic geodetic control network

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shahar ◽  
G. Even-Tzur
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Deformation Parameters ◽  
Free Network ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Minimum Constraints ◽  
Entire Network

Extraction of the deterministic ingredient of a dynamic geodetic control networkA minimum constraints solution, which resolves the datum defect of a control network, is an arbitrary solution that may result in a systematic error in the estimation of the deformation parameters. This error is not derived from measurements and is usually inconsistent with the geophysical reality. A free network is affected only by errors of measurement and, therefore, a free network is an accepted way of coping with this problem. Study of deformations, which is based on the use of geodetic measurements, is usually performed today by defining a kinematic model. Such a model, when used to describe a complex geophysical environment, can lead to the partial estimation of the deterministic dynamics, which characterize the entire network. These dynamics are themselves expressed in measurements, as the adjustment systems' residuals. The current paper presents an extension of the definition of the parameters that are revalued. This extension enables the cleaning of measurements by means of the extraction of datum elements that have been defined by geodetic measurement. This cleaning minimizes the effects of these elements on the revaluated deformation. The proposed algorithm may be applied to achieve the simultaneous estimation of the physical parameters that define the geophysical activity in the network.

scholarly journals Možnosti srovnávací analýzy plužiny zaniklých středověkých vsí. Vypovídací hodnota vybraných lokalit a role digitálního modelu reliéfu z dat leteckého laserového skenování

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-196
Author(s):  
Ondřej Malina ◽  
Lukáš Holata ◽  
Jindřich Plzák
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Definition Of

The paper deals with the plowlands of deserted medieval villages (DMVs) representing a specific data source of medieval settlement research. Its basic priorities are based on the needs of archaeological heritage protection for a better definition of DMVs’ hinterlands, which are significantly less distinguishable in comparison with villages’ intravilans. At the same time, not much attention was paid to this area, even in known or well-surveyed sites. These issues are important especially in the context of what exactly we are looking for within the DMVs, how we define it and where we can find the best examples worthy of protection or further study. The basis of the presented work is the processing of a digital terrain model derived from airborne laser scanning data. The primary procedure consists of the ALS data processing into a DEM, its subsequent visualization, and classification of objects in DMVs’ hinterlands, which is further supplemented by selected examples of field verification. The informative value of the hinterlands is also discussed on the example of several differently preserved sites.

scholarly journals UAV Monitoring of Excavation Works

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Shults ◽  
Khaini-Kamal Kassymkanova ◽  
Shugyla Burlibayeva ◽  
Daria Skopinova ◽  
Roman Demianenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Construction Works

The first stage of any construction is carrying out excavation works. These works are high-priced and timeconsuming. Mostly, for geodetic control of the works, the surveyors are using total stations and GNSS equipment. Last decade, UAV technology was a breakthrough in the geodetic technologies market. One of the possible applications of UAV is the monitoring of excavation works. In the article, the opportunities and accuracy of UAV data while performing the excavation works were studied. The surveying of earth volume in the middle of construction works was made using DJI Phantom 4 UAV. The data were being processed using two photogrammetric software: Agisoft Metashape and PhotoModeler Premium. For comparison, the surveying also was made using a conventional total station. For each data source, the 3D models were generated. The obtained models were compared with each other in CloudCompare software. The comparison revealed the high accuracy of UAV data that satisfies customer’s requirements. For the case of two software comparing, it is better to process data using PhotoModeler. The PhotoModeler software allows performing in-depth data analysis and blunders searching.

scholarly journals Challenges for Methods of Teaching English Vocabulary to Non-native Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-575
Author(s):  
Omer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi ◽  
Abdulrahman Mokbel Mahyoub Hezam
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Native Students ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Teaching Learning

This study is meant to have a through argument about the main topic of this research, which is the challenges of teaching methods of English vocabulary to non-native students. The researchers try to introduce a conceptual coverage of certain areas that are relevant to English vocabulary teaching / learning. This conceptual coverage includes: the definition of the term vocabulary, kinds of vocabulary, the importance of vocabulary, general principles for successful vocabulary teaching, teaching vocabulary in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context is challenging, techniques of teaching vocabulary, and the need for teaching vocabulary. Among the qualitative methods the researchers chose the record keeping method. This method makes use of the already existing reliable documents and similar sources of information as the data source. This data can be used in a new research. The researchers have collected a number of relevant studies and quarrying critically and deeply in these studies to signal out the Challenges for Methods of Teaching English Vocabulary to Non-native Students. Qualitative data collection allows collecting data that is non-numeric and helps us to explore how decisions are made and provide a detailed insight. For reaching such conclusions the data that is collected should be holistic, rich and nuanced and findings to emerge through careful analysis. This is why the researchers have examined and collected many relevant references, case studies that deal with teaching vocabulary.  To carry out this research the researchers have introduced certain questions and surveyed a huge number of previous studies after covering the relevant literature. Finally, the challenges that are critically obtained by the researchers are classified into three main categories. The first category, challenges related to students, the second one, challenges related to teachers, and the third one, challenges related to methods/ techniques/ strategies of teaching vocabulary.

scholarly journals GIScience Theory Based Assessment of Spatial Disparity of Geodetic Control Points Location

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Bielecka ◽  
Krzysztof Pokonieczny ◽  
Sylwia Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Outlier Analysis ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Spatial Cluster Analysis ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Application Fields

Geodetic networks provide a spatial reference framework for the positioning of any geographical feature in a common and consistent way. An even spatial distribution of geodetic control points assures good quality for subordinate surveys in mapping, cadaster, engineering activities, and many other land administration-oriented applications. We investigate the spatial pattern of geodetic control points based on GIScience theory, especially Tobler’s Laws in Geography. The study makes contributions in both the research and application fields. By utilizing Average Nearest Neighbor, multi-distance spatial cluster analysis, and cluster and outlier analysis, it introduces the comprehensive methodology for ex post analysis of geodetic control points’ spatial patterns as well as the quantification of geodetic networks’ uniformity to regularly dense and regularly thinned. Moreover, it serves as a methodological resource and reference for the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, not only the maintenance, but also the further densification or modernization the geodetic network in Poland. Furthermore, the results give surveyors the ability to quickly assess the availability of geodetic points, as well as identify environmental obstacles that may hamper measurements. The results show that the base geodetic control points are evenly dispersed (one point over 50 sq. km), however they tend to cluster slightly in urbanized areas and forests (1.3 and 1.4 points per sq. km, respectively).

scholarly journals GPS Satellite Interference in Hungary

2001 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
T. Borza ◽  
I. Fejes
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Radio Frequency Interference ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Gps Measurements ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Geodetic Control

Civil users of the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) in Hungary occasionally experience interference at the 1575.42-MHz GPS signal frequency. As the application of the GPS technique spreads rapidly in our country, radio frequency interference (RFI) should be considered a serious threat. The new geodetic control network (OG-PSH) in Hungary is based on GPS measurements and incorporates more than 1100 sites. The paper reports the experiences gained during the establishment of the network. Interference sources were tracked to ground-based digital data transmissions for telecommunications, which operate mostly in the Western part of Hungary. Telecommunication regulations exceptionally allow such transmissions in specified countries. In order to warn potential GPS users, the interference sources are being mapped.

scholarly journals Influence of distance, geometry and number of control stations on quality of local geodetic networks for the purpose of georeferencing of rural properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Luciano Rosalen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Distance Geometry ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Baseline Length ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
Geodetic Control

The implementation of local geodetic networks for georeferencing of rural properties has become a requirement after publication of the Georeferencing Technical Standard by INCRA. According to this standard, the maximum distance of baselines to GNSS L1 receivers is of 20 km. Besides the length of the baseline, the geometry and the number of geodetic control stations are other factors to be considered in the implementation of geodetic networks. Thus, this research aimed to examine the influence of baseline lengths higher than the regulated limit of 20 km, the geometry and the number of control stations on quality of local geodetic networks for georeferencing, and also to demonstrate the importance of using specific tests to evaluate the solution of ambiguities and on the quality of the adjustment. The results indicated that the increasing number of control stations has improved the quality of the network, the geometry has not influenced on the quality and the baseline length has influenced on the quality; however, lengths higher than 20 km has not interrupted the implementation, with GPS L1 receiver, of the local geodetic network for the purpose of georeferencing. Also, the use of different statistical tests, both for the evaluation of the resolution of ambiguities and for the adjustment, have enabled greater clearness in analyzing the results, which allow that unsuitable observations may be eliminated.

Applications of Statistical Characteristics of Geodetic Networks

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-708
Author(s):  
L. A. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
Control File ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Inner Constraint

Numerous statistics that can be obtained from the processing of the observations and the adjustment of a geodetic network can be used to assess the quality of the network and the observational data. The processes used for assessment and planning depend on the needs and the capabilities of the user. Statistical information derived from nonsingular vis-à-vis singular (“inner-constraint”) adjustments is discussed. Standards for the characterization of the quality of networks are reviewed. Suggestions are made on the type of information that should be directly available from a geodetic control file.

scholarly journals Transformasi Kepemimpinan Bagi Pustakawan di Era Digital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jazimatul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Library Management ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

<p><em>Librarians as library leaders are required to change their thinking to start a library-oriented management and management strategy for the future and innovative creative thinking. The challenge of future library leaders is not only to find ways to keep up with information technology, but also to find effective and efficient ways as alternative solutions to implement changes according to the wishes of millennial users in finding the information they want. This paper discusses the </em><em>leadership transformation for libraryans in the digital era</em><em>. Using descriptive qualitative methodology a literature review data source from previous research. The paper displays leadership in a different perspective from previous research. The results of this paper outline the definition of the practice of leadership transformation into an outline of leadership transformation that must be done by future librarians in the library of the digital era is to change library management and management, prove the value of transformation, art of influence and negotiation, the spirit of creativity and innovation in using space, supporting digital information research and literacy, digital information marketing and management, able to collaborate towards effective and efficient library management.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Pustakawan sebagai pemimpin perpustakaan dituntut untuk merubah pemikiran mereka memulai strategi pengelolaan dan manajemen perpustakaaan berwawasan masa depan dan berpikiran kreatif inovatif. Tantangan pimpinan perpustakaan masa yang akan datang tidak hanya menemukan cara mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi, tetapi juga mencari jalan yang efektif dan efisien sebagai solusi alternatif untuk melaksanakan perubahan sesuai keinginan pemustaka milenial dalam mencari informasi yang mereka inginkan. Makalah ini membahas tentang transformasi kepemimpinan bagi pustakawan di era digital. Menggunakan meteodologi kualitatif deskriptif bersumber pada data literature review dari penelitian sebelumnya Makalah menampilkan kepemimpinan dalam sudut pandang yang berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penulisan makalah ini menguraikan definisi praktik transformasi kepemimpinan kedalam garis besar transformasi kepemimpinan yang harus dilakukan oleh pustakawan masa depan di perpustakaan era digital adalah dalam mengubah pengelolaan dan manajemen perpustakaaan, pembuktian nilai transformasi, seni mempengaruhi dan bernegosiasi, jiwa kreativitas dan inovasi dalam menggunakan ruang, mendukung penelitian dan literasi informasi digital, pemasaran dan manajemen informasi digital, mampu berkolaborasi menuju pengelolaan perpustakaan yang efektif dan efisien.<em><strong> </strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Use of Administrative Data for Waste Statistics in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Marie Boušková ◽  
Tomáš Harák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Environmental Reporting ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Administrative Data Source ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Definition Of

The Czech Statistical Office (CZSO) changed the calculation of the total volume of waste and also changed the definition of municipal waste compared to the previous methodology. This was made possible by the wider use of the existing administrative data source, the Integrated Environmental Reporting System (ISPOP). The change in the definition of municipal waste was a response to recent Eurostat activities, which led to a more precise definition. The original method no longer meets this definition.

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