Rhizobia that nodulate tree legumes: specificity of the host for nodulation and effectiveness

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Turk ◽  
Harold H. Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen Fixation

Rhizobial specificity, defined in terms of nodulation and nitrogen-fixing effectiveness characteristics of a group of rhizobia on a host legume, serves as a basis for predicting the need to inoculate, selecting species for most probable number plant-infection assays, and preparing rhizobial inoculants suitable for a range of legume species. A series of inoculation experiments were performed under growth room and greenhouse conditions to delineate rhizobial specificity of a variety of tree legumes. Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Leucaena leucocephala nodulated effectively with rhizobia isolated from each of the three genera. With a few exceptions, Sesbania grandiflora and Robinia pseudoacacia nodulated effectively only with rhizobial strains isolated from each genus respectively. A range of specificity was found among species that nodulate with Bradyrhizobium. Whereas Acacia mearnsii nodulated with most strains but fixed N2 effectively with relatively few, Acacia mangium and Lysiloma latisiliqua were specific for both nodulation and effectiveness. Key words: nitrogen fixation, effectiveness, nodulation, rhizobia, tree legumes.

Effect of storage temperatures on Rhizobium meliloti survival in peat- and clay-based inoculants

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
H. J. Geissler
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Regulatory Testing ◽  
Before And After

Legume growers and extension agents require advice on optimum conditions under which inoculants may be stored without deterioration of rhizobia or the effectiveness of the inoculant. This study was conducted to determine effects of storage duration and temperature on survival of Rhizobium meliloti in two inoculant carriers, one with a peat base and the other with a clay base. Inoculant subsamples were placed in polyethylene bags, then packaged into plastic containers and stored in wooden boxes at either −23 °C (freezer), 4 °C (refrigerator), or room temperature (21–33 °C). Before and after storage for 0.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 mo, samples were analyzed for surviving rhizobia by most probable number (MPN) plant-infection technique using plastic pouches with seedlings of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Algonquin’). These counts showed no significant reduction of rhizobial viability in either inoculant at any temperature over the 20-mo study. The surprising lack of population decreases was attributed partly to the wide span between the confidence limits of MPN estimates (at P = 0.05) and partly to the effectiveness of the protective packaging in preventing any desiccation or acidification of the inoculants. Throughout the experiment pH remained unchanged at 6.8 and 8.5 and moisture content at 12.3 and 3.0% in the peat-base and clay-base inoculants, respectively. Nodule color and size indicated that symbiotic effectiveness was not affected by storage temperature. Counts, when averaged across temperatures, showed rhizobial populations remained constant around 1.3 × 109 cells g−1 peat and 1.1 × 108 cells g−1 clay. Re-testing of R. meliloti inoculants stored for up to 10 yr at 4 °C, after earlier regulatory testing, showed no significant viability reductions in any product stored < 7 yr and in some products stored for as long as 10 yr. The results indicated that rhizobial populations could be maintained at levels much above the regulatory minimum MPN (103 seed−1), which would be of critical importance when forage legumes are grown under adverse soil conditions and inoculation is required. Key words: Rhizobium meliloti, inoculant storage, temperature effects, carrier effects, MPN plant-infection technique, inoculant quality control

Evaluation of the Leaf of a Range of Tree Legumes as a Source of Nitrogen for Crop Growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Gutteridge
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Leaf Mulch

SUMMARYThe leaf mulch of the tree legumes Acacia cunninghamii, A. fimbriata, Calliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania sesban was evaluated as a source of nitrogen for maize growth in glasshouse pot experiments. The mulch of Sesbania sesban resulted in the largest yields of maize stover but yields were less than those that resulted from application of equivalent rates of fertilizer nitrogen. The mulches of Gliricidia and Leucaena also produced a yield response in maize but those of Calliandra and the two Acacia species were ineffective as sources of nitrogen in the short term. Sesbania mulch at the equivalent of 5 t dry matter ha-1 produced a maize yield similar to that obtained with 75 kg N ha-1. The poor response to Calliandra and Acacia mulch may be associated with the high polyphenol and/or lignin content of the leaf of these species.

scholarly journals Kajian In Vitro Kecernaan Fraksi Serat Hijauan Tropis pada Media Cairan Rumen Kambing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Marselinus Hambakodu ◽  
Alexander Kaka ◽  
Yessy Tamu Ina
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan hemiselulosa pada hijauan pakan tropis secara in vitro. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 jenis pakan hijauan tropis dan cairan rumen kambing PE berfistula yang diberi pakan dengan kandungan PK 12% dan TDN 62%. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap 8 perlakuan pakan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = turi (Sesbania grandiflora), P2 = nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus), P3 = pisang (Musa acuminate), P4 = mangga (Mangifera indica L.), P5 = gamal (Gliricidia sepium), P6 = mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.), P7 = kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) dan P8 = lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA taraf 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF, dan kecernaan hemiselulosa berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Hijauan pakan tropis lamtoro, kaliadra dan gamal memiliki kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF lebih tinggi dibandingkan turi, nangka, pisang, mangga, dan mahoni, namun kecernaan hemiselulosa kaliandra, manga dan lamtoro tertinggi. Kesimpulan, hijauan Leucaena leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus, dan Gliricidia sepium memiliki kecernaan NDF tertinggi (70,34%; 66,26% dan 62,29%), dan kecernaan ADF tertinggi (53,79%; 48,08%; dan 58,91%), namun kecernaan hemiselulosa tertinggi adalah Calliandra calothyrsus, Mangifera indica L, dan Leucaena leucocephala (18,18%; 17,80% dan 16,55%).Kata kunci: in vitro, hijauan tropis, kecernaan, serat ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to evaluate neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, and hemicellulose digestibility on tropical browse plants in vitro. The materials used in this research were 8 types of tropical forages and rumen fluid from Etawa Crossbreed goat fistulated with CP 12 % and 62 % TDN. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design of 8 feed treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of P1 = Sesbania grandiflora, P2 = Artocarpus heterophyllus, P3 = Musa acuminata, P4 = Mangifera indica L., P5 = Gliricidia sepium, P6 = Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq, P7 = Calliandra calothyrsus, and P8 = Leucaena leucocephala. Data were analyzed using ANOVA 5%, and continued by Duncan test. The results of the study showed that neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, hemicellulose digestibility were significantly (P<0.05). Tropical forages of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium were highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (70,34% and 62,29%), and highest acid detergent fiber digestibility (57,14% and 58,91%), with hemicellulose digestibility (64,10% and 65,00%).Keywords: digestibility, fiber, tropical browse plants, in vitro

Growth of forage tree legumes at four agro-climatic sites in Indonesia

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mas'ud Panjaitan ◽  
W. W. Stur ◽  
R. Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Tree Legume ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
West Java ◽  
Tree Legumes

SUMMARYThe growth of the tree legumes Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania sesban, Sesbania grandiflora, Albizia falcataria and Calliandra calothyrsus was evaluated at four sites in Indonesia between 1984 and 1986. Tree seedlings were planted at 10000 trees/ha and, after an establishment period of 9–12 months, harvested every 3 months for a 2-year period.At Bambu Apus, West Java (2040 mm annual rainfall, 1 month dry period, lowland, latosol with pH 5·6 decreasing with depth), G. sepium and C. calothyrsus produced 13 and 10 t/ha per year of leaf dry matter, respectively. Other species did not grow well at this site and fewer than 60% of the trees of these species survived until the end of the experimental period. At Sei Putih, North Sumatra (1550 mm annual rainfall, 3 months dry period, lowland, podzolic with pH 5·5 increasing with depth), no species produced > 6 t/ha per year of leaf dry matter. The highest yielding species were L. leucocephala and A. falcataria. At Cisarua, West Java (3340 mm annual rainfall, no dry periods, 925 m altitude, latosol with pH 5–6 increasing with depth) only C. calothyrsus grew well and produced 9 t/ha per year of leaf dry matter. At Grati, East Java (1500 mm annual rainfall, 6 months dry period, lowland, alluvial with pH 6·6 increasing with depth) L. leucocephala produced > 8 t·ha per year of leaf dry matter, while none of the C. calothyrsus and A. falcataria trees survived the first dry season.Although L. leucocephala has been the most widely grown tree legume species in the tropics, C. calothyrsus and G. sepium performed better at the wetter sites and at high altitude.

Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

Cemaran Eshericia coli dalam makanan laut yang beredar di pasar tradisional Kota Pontian

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Rafika Sari ◽  
Pratiwi Apridamayanti
Keyword(s):  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number

Latar Belakang: Makanan laut merupakan salah satu jenis makanan yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat selain sebagai komoditi ekspor. Mengkonsumsi makanan laut yang telah terkontaminasi bakteri hidup atau toksin yang dihasilkannya dapat menyebabkan keracunan makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya kontaminasi bakteri koliform E.coli sebagai indikator pencemaran pada makanan laut dan memberikan informasi kelayakan dan keamanan konsumsi dari makanan laut di dua pasar tradisional terbesar di daerah Pontianak. Metode: Sampel yang digunakan adalah ikan, sotong dan udang. Penelitian terhadap sampel dilakukan menggunakan uji Most Probable Number (MPN) yang dilengkapi dengan uji biokimia untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri pada sampel melalui penanaman bakteri pada media agar Lactose Broth (LB) dan Briliant Green Lactose Bile Broth (BGLB). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bakteri koliform E.coli terdeteksi pada 100% sampel dengan nilai MPN yang tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan konsumsi, yakni >3/g. Kesimpulan: Makanan yang ada tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan konsumsi.

MITIGASI LAHAN TERDEGRADASI AKIBAT PENAMBANGAN MELALUI REVEGETASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
E. Hanggari Sittadewi
Keyword(s):  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora

Salah satu dampak negatif dari aktifitas penambangan adalah terjadinya degradasi lahan. Degradasi lahan ditandai dengan menurunnya kondisi fisik, kimia dan biologi. Mitigasi atau upaya pencegahan harus dilakukan agar tidak berlanjut ke kondisi yang lebih parah. Revegetasi adalah langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mitigasi lahan terdegradasi tersebut. Keberhasilan revegetasi tergantung pada pemilihan vegetasi yang adaptif dan cepat tumbuh sesuai dengan karakteristik tanah, iklim dan kegiatan pasca  penambangan. Selain itu perbaikan kondisi fisik, kimia dan biologi lahan juga ikut menentukan keberhasilan revegetasi. Beberapa jenis tanaman cepat tumbuh (Fast Growing Plant) yang umum digunakan untuk revegetasi adalah sengon laut (Paraserianthes falcataria), akasia (Acasia mangium, Acasia crassicarpa), Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca), turi (Sesbania grandiflora), gamal (Gliricidia sepium). Selain tanaman cepat tumbuh, tanaman lokal juga menjadi pilihan untuk revegetasi. Keberhasilan revegetasi akan meningkatkan kadar bahan organik dan memperbaiki siklus hara serta meningkatkan jumlah dan aktifitas mikroba. Hal ini akan memperbaiki kondisi fisik, kimia dan biologi sehingga degradasi lahan pasca penambangan tidak terjadi lebih buruk.

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