Tree growth prediction using size and exposed crown area

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Wyckoff ◽  
James S Clark
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
The Relationship

We address the relationships between tree growth rate and growing environment for 21 co-occurring species. Tree growth rates are obtained from mapped plots at the Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research site in the southern Appalachian Mountains. We employ high-resolution aerial photography to assess the light environment for trees growing in these plots, using exposed crown area (ECA) as a surrogate for light interception. The relationship between growth and ECA is compared with two other growth predictors: tree size and shade-tolerance classification. We find that ECA is an excellent predictor of tree growth (average R2 = 0.69 for nine species). When ECA is combined with tree size, growth rate prediction is improved (average R2 = 0.76). Tree size alone is also a strong predictor of tree growth (average R2 = 0.68). Shade-tolerance classification, by contrast, is a poor predictor of tree growth.

EFFECT OF THE SOLUTE REDISTRIBUTION ON THE GROWTH KINETICS IN SOLIDIFICATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 3938-3943
Author(s):  
X. YAO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Solute Redistribution ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Constitutional Undercooling ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alloy Concentration ◽  
Interface Movement

Solute redistribution has been a long-term interest in solidification theoretical study, but its effect on growth rate during solidification is still not completely clear. Models that descript the relationship between growth rate and the alloy concentration remain controversial both qualitatively and quantitatively. This work theoretically analysed and investigated the solute redistribution and its effect on constitutional undercooling during solidification. Systematic analysis on the interaction behaviour between the solid/liquid interface movement and the solute distribution has been performed to clarify the effect of constitutional undercooling on growth rate of solid during solidification. It is demonstrated that the growth rate of crystals conversed to the alloy concentration and the relationship could be quantitatively calculated by the present model by introduction of the interface retardation.

scholarly journals Evaluating tree growth factors into species-specific functional soil maps for improved agroforestry system efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo-Dong Jiang ◽  
Phillip R. Owens ◽  
Amanda J. Ashworth ◽  
Bryan A. Fuentes ◽  
Andrew L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Soil Maps ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Functional Units

AbstractAgroforestry systems play an important role in sustainable agroecosystems. However, accurately and adequately quantifying the relationships between environmental factors and tree growth in these systems are still lacking. Objectives of this study were to quantify environmental factors affecting growth of four tree species and to develop functional soil maps (FSM) for each species in an agroforestry site. The diameter at breast height, absolute growth rate (AGR), and neighborhood competition index of 259 trees from four species (northern red oak [Quercus rubra], pecan [Carya illinoinensis], cottonwood [Populus deltoides], and sycamore [Platanus occidentalis]) were determined. A total of 51 topsoil samples were collected and analyzed, and 12 terrain attributes were derived from the digital elevation model. The relationships between AGR, soil, topography, and tree size were analyzed using Spearman correlation. Based on correlation analysis, FSM for each species were generated using the k-means cluster method by overlaying correlated soil and terrain attribute maps. Results showed tree size and terrain attributes were driving factors affecting tree growth rate relative to soil properties. The spatial variations in AGR among functional units were statistically compared within tree species and the areas with larger AGR were identified by the FSM. This study demonstrated that FSM could delineate areas with different AGR for the oak, cottonwood, and sycamore trees. The AGR of pecan trees did not vary among functional units. The generated FSM may allow land managers to more precisely establish and manage agroforestry systems.

The effect of size and competition on tree growth rate in old-growth coniferous forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1983-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Das
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Competition Models

Tree growth and competition play central roles in forest dynamics. Yet models of competition often neglect important variation in species-specific responses. Furthermore, functions used to model changes in growth rate with size do not always allow for potential complexity. Using a large data set from old-growth forests in California, models were parameterized relating growth rate to tree size and competition for four common species. Several functions relating growth rate to size were tested. Competition models included parameters for tree size, competitor size, and competitor distance. Competitive strength was allowed to vary by species. The best ranked models (using Akaike’s information criterion) explained between 18% and 40% of the variance in growth rate, with each species showing a strong response to competition. Models indicated that relationships between competition and growth varied substantially among species. The results also suggested that the relationship between growth rate and tree size can be complex and that how we model it can affect not only our ability to detect that complexity but also whether we obtain misleading results. In this case, for three of four species, the best model captured an apparent and unexpected decline in potential growth rate for the smallest trees in the data set.

Long-term influence of disturbance-generated microsites on forest structural and compositional development

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. Sass ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
David R. Foster ◽  
Audrey Barker Plotkin ◽  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Size ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Microsite Heterogeneity ◽  
Live Tree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overstory Composition

Wind disturbance generates heterogeneous microsite structures, including downed logs, windthrow mounds, and pits. While these structures can provide opportunities for regeneration of certain tree species, the long-term influence of microsites and microsite heterogeneity on forest development has not been quantified. We used long-term measurements of a formerly old-growth Tsuga canadensis – Pinus strobus forest severely damaged by a category 3 hurricane in 1938 to quantify the impact of microsite conditions on overstory composition and structure. We asked (i) “What are the patterns in live-tree size, growth, and mortality five and seven decades after disturbance?” and (ii) “What roles do microsite heterogeneity and the presence of disturbance-generated microsites play in long-term forest development following disturbance?” We compared live-tree (>2 cm DBH) development and survival to microsite heterogeneity at the 100 m2 scale. Microsite diversity was positively related to overstory species diversity and stem density and negatively related to average tree size. We propose that plots with higher microsite diversity may have experienced more severe local disturbance, which allowed more species and individuals to establish and created varied niches that allowed these individuals to coexist and generate greater stand-level diversity. These persistent relationships highlight how microsite conditions affect forest development after severe disturbances.

Tree rings of Pinus nigra from the Vienna basin region (Austria) show evidence of change in climatic sensitivity in the late 20th century

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Leal ◽  
Derek Eamus ◽  
Michael Grabner ◽  
Rupert Wimmer ◽  
Paolo Cherubini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Vienna Basin ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The width of tree rings of Pinus nigra Arn. trees growing near the ecological limits for the species, in the Vienna basin, Austria, showed a strong and positive correlation with spring–summer precipitation, indicating a dependence of growth on water availability during the growing season. During the late 20th century, tree rings grew wider than expected given the predicted relationship between rainfall and growth rate observed in the early 20th century. This resulted in models of the relationship between climate and growth rate systematically overestimating the total spring–summer (April–July) precipitation over the last half of the 20th century. Analysis of the temporal stability of the relationship between tree growth and climate variables shows a decrease in the sensitivity of the growth of tree rings to spring–summer precipitation towards the end of the 20th century. This change in sensitivity suggests that tree growth was no longer primarily dependent on water availability. We propose that there was an improvement in water-use efficiency arising from a stimulation of photosynthesis and declining stomatal conductance as a consequence of the increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and that this effect was enhanced by a relatively high input of N due to the proximity of N emission sources.

The Relationship of Height and Weight Velocities of Adolescent Boys to the Total Hydroxyproline:Creatinine Ratio in Their Random Urines

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Wharton ◽  
G. Gough ◽  
C. A. Pennock
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sequential Studies

1. The total hydroxyproline:creatinine ratios in random urines collected every 3 months for 1 year from twenty-six adolescent boys (11–14 years) have been compared with the observed height and weight velocities of the boys during that year. 2. There were significant correlations of both height and weight velocities over 6 and 12 month periods with the ratios in the random urines collected during the same period. 3. The ratio in most boys fell from July to April and then rose during the final 3 months of the study. Sequential changes in the ratio correlated significantly with sequential changes in growth velocity (i.e. acceleration or deceleration) but the changes in the ratio occurring throughout the year could not be wholly explained by variation in growth rate. 4. The urinary total hydroxyproline:creatinine ratio is probably most useful as an index of growth rate in comparisons between children studied over the same period of time, or in sequential studies of the same child over a short period. In long-term sequential studies allowances must be made for factors other than growth velocity so that interpretation is more difficult.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA HUTANG DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA YANG GO PUBLIC TAHUN 2016 – 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Silmi Haslinda ◽  
Nurul Hikmah Amalia ◽  
Farah Margaretha Leon
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Additional Reference ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji literatur pada penelitian sebelumnya tentang hubungan antara hutang dan kinerja perusahaan. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang sudah Go Public di Indonesia selama tahun 2016 – 2018. Terdapat 183 perusahaan manufaktur, namun dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 121 perusahaan manufaktur setelah dilakukan purposive sampling. Kinerja perusahaan sebagai variabel dependen diwakili oleh tingkat profitabilitas yang dapat mengukur kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba dari aktiva yang digunakan (dalam hal ini menggunakan nilai ROA dan ROE).Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini diwakili oleh hutang jangka pendek (STD), hutang jangka panjang (LTD), total hutang (TD). Variabel kontrol dalam penelitian ini adalah ukuran perusahaan atau SIZE, GROWTH, GDP dan INFLASI.Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel dan uji individu (uji-t). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran kinerja berdasarkan nilai ROA, STD, Size, dan inflasi berpengaruh negatif sedangkan TD, growth dan nilai pertumbuhan GDP suatu negara berpengaruh positif. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah sebagaireferensi tambahan bagi manajer keuangan dalam hal usaha meningkatkan profitabilitas dan kinerja perusahaan. This study was conducted to examine the literature in previous studies about the relationship between debt and company kinerjance. The sample used in this study is manufacturing companies that are public in Indonesia during 2016 - 2018. There are 183 manufacturing companies, but in this study used 121 manufacturing companies after purposive sampling. Firm’s performance as the dependent variable is represented by the level of profitability that can measure the company's ability to generate profits from the assets used (in this case using the value of ROA and ROE). The independent variable in this study is represented by short-term debt (STD), long-term debt (LTD), total debt (TD). The kontrol variables in this study are company size or SIZE, GROWTH, GDP and INFLATION. In this study using panel data regression methods and individual tests (t-test). The results of this study indicate that kinerjance measurement based on ROA, STD, Size, and inflasification values are negative while TD, growth and GDP growth values in a country affect positively. The implications of this research are as an additional reference for financial managers to increase profitability and firm’s performance.

Testing the accuracy of resistance drilling to assess tree growth rate and the relationship to past climatic conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Orozco-Aguilar ◽  
Craig R. Nitschke ◽  
Stephen J. Livesley ◽  
Cris Brack ◽  
Denise Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Resistance Drilling ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Ontogenetic changes in the ostracod <i>Cytherella</i> cf. <i>ovata</i> Roemer, from the Cenomanian of Algeria

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Majoran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Eigenshape Analysis ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Northeastern Algeria

Abstract. about 200 right valves of Cytherella cf. ovata Roemer, were selected from a single sample of Cenomanian age (northeastern Algeria). The material can be subdivided into two parallel ontogenetic series which were quantitatively investigated by linear regression and eigenshape analysis. The corresponding growth stages of the two series are differentiated by size, growth rate, and, to a lesser extent, by shape. The relationship between the two series are discussed mainly in terms of seasonal variation in the environment.

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