Generalized biomass equations for jack and red pine in the Lake States

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Alban ◽  
Paul R. Laidly
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Lake States ◽  
The Individual

The biomass of 76 jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) trees (29 stands) and 72 red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) trees (28 stands) from throughout the northern Lake States was determined. All trees were from even-aged, unthinned plantations ranging from 20–61 years old; site indexes represented nearly the complete range for these species. Individual tree component weights (foliage, live branches, dead branches, stem wood, and stem bark) were regressed against dbh and tree height using the nonlinear form Bt = aDbHc. Stand biomass was also estimated with stand basal area and mean height of dominant and codominant trees using the equation form Bs = a + b(B) + c(Hs) or a + b(B)(Hs). The equations were tested in two additional stands of red pine and two of jack pine and by comparison with literature values. Individual tree equations were most accurate for estimating bole components and the total tree and less accurate for foliage and branches. The standard error of the estimate divided by mean weight ranged from 0.06 to 0.17 for bole components, from 0.21 to 0.28 for live crown components, and from 0.43 to 0.49 for dead branches. For all components, jack pine equations were slightly less precise than those for red pine. The individual tree equations appear to be applicable over a wide geographical area and usable for both natural stands and plantations. The equations appear to be valid for the majority of unthinned stands in the age range of 20–50 years. The stand equations, while less precise than individual tree estimates, should give reasonably accurate estimates of stand biomass components in most situations.

Tree size, biomass, and volume growth of twelve 34-year-old Ontario jack pine provenances

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Magnussen ◽  
V. G. Smith ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Branch Wood

Tree size and aboveground biomass in twelve 34-year-old Ontario jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) provenances growing at Petawawa National Forestry Institute (Chalk River, Ontario) was negatively correlated with latitude of origin. The best provenance exceeded the local provenance in tree height and diameter by approximately 10%. The pattern of geographical variation was stable over time, making general and sound predictions of provenance growth based on juvenile performance feasible. Persistent differences among some geographically close provenances indicated the potential for genetic improvement by selecting the best populations within site regions. The results demonstrated have important implications for jack pine breeding and improvement strategies at the provenance level. The provenance averages of aboveground ovendry weight per tree ranged from 44 to 79 kg. The aboveground tree biomass was distributed as follows in seven analyzed provenances: stem wood, 78%; stem bark, 8%; branch wood, 8%; needles, 5%; cones, 1%. Variation in average stemwood mass among provenances was less than the variation in average stem volume because of a strong negative correlation on a single tree basis between stem volume and stem wood density. The mean annual volume and biomass accretion per hectare in the best provenances averaged 10 m3 and 4 t, respectively. Total stem volume production per hectare varied exponentially with tree height. Mean annual stem volume increment of the best provenances exceeded that of the slowest growing provenances by 22–40%.

scholarly journals Adjudicating Perspectives on Forest Structure: How Do Airborne, Terrestrial, and Mobile Lidar-Derived Estimates Compare?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2297
Author(s):  
Jonathon J. Donager ◽  
Andrew J. Sánchez Meador ◽  
Ryan C. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Structural Configurations ◽  
Individual Trees

Applications of lidar in ecosystem conservation and management continue to expand as technology has rapidly evolved. An accounting of relative accuracy and errors among lidar platforms within a range of forest types and structural configurations was needed. Within a ponderosa pine forest in northern Arizona, we compare vegetation attributes at the tree-, plot-, and stand-scales derived from three lidar platforms: fixed-wing airborne (ALS), fixed-location terrestrial (TLS), and hand-held mobile laser scanning (MLS). We present a methodology to segment individual trees from TLS and MLS datasets, incorporating eigen-value and density metrics to locate trees, then assigning point returns to trees using a graph-theory shortest-path approach. Overall, we found MLS consistently provided more accurate structural metrics at the tree- (e.g., mean absolute error for DBH in cm was 4.8, 5.0, and 9.1 for MLS, TLS and ALS, respectively) and plot-scale (e.g., R2 for field observed and lidar-derived basal area, m2 ha−1, was 0.986, 0.974, and 0.851 for MLS, TLS, and ALS, respectively) as compared to ALS and TLS. While TLS data produced estimates similar to MLS, attributes derived from TLS often underpredicted structural values due to occlusion. Additionally, ALS data provided accurate estimates of tree height for larger trees, yet consistently missed and underpredicted small trees (≤35 cm). MLS produced accurate estimates of canopy cover and landscape metrics up to 50 m from plot center. TLS tended to underpredict both canopy cover and patch metrics with constant bias due to occlusion. Taking full advantage of minimal occlusion effects, MLS data consistently provided the best individual tree and plot-based metrics, with ALS providing the best estimates for volume, biomass, and canopy cover. Overall, we found MLS data logistically simple, quickly acquirable, and accurate for small area inventories, assessments, and monitoring activities. We suggest further work exploring the active use of MLS for forest monitoring and inventory.

Genetic resistance to western gall rust in jack pine and its relationship with tree height growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Weng ◽  
P. Lu ◽  
Q.F. Meng ◽  
M. Krasowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Tree Height Growth

Developing resistance to western gall rust (WGR) is important for maintaining healthy and productive jack pine plantations. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters of resistance to WGR and its relationship with tree height growth, based on data collected from three second-generation full-sib progeny testing series of jack pine planted in New Brunswick, Canada. Results indicated that (i) resistance to WGR in jack pine was controlled by both additive and dominance gene effects, with the latter playing a greater role; (ii) narrow-sense heritability estimates for resistance to WGR were low (mean = 0.05; series range = 0.00∼0.09), and broad-sense heritability estimates were moderate on an individual-tree basis (mean = 0.53) and considerably higher on the full-sib family mean basis (mean = 0.87); (iii) additive genetic correlation between tree height growth and WGR incidence was low (≤0.06) in two series and only slightly higher and favorable (–0.19) in one series, suggesting that selection on growth traits would not negatively affect WGR resistance; and (iv) mid-parental additive genetic and dominance effects on WGR were empirically correlated (>0.65), indicating that incorporating breeding for WGR resistance into current jack pine tree improvement programs with a seed orchard approach could partly capture the benefit from dominance effects. Although genetic gains in WGR resistance could be realized through various breeding and deployment schemes, it appeared that rapid improvement could be achieved through backward selection on full-sib family means.

scholarly journals Single-tree Equations for Estimating Biomass of Trembling Aspen, Large Tooth Aspen and White Birch in Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Alemdag ◽  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Whole Tree

Ovendry mass of single trees of trembling aspen, largetooth aspen, and white birch in the Great Lakes — St. Lawrence and Boreal forest regions in Ontario was studied in relation to stem dimensions. Mass equations for tree components based on diameter at breast height outside bark and tree height were developed. Results were found more dependable for stem wood and the whole tree than for stem bark, live branches, and twigs plus leaves. Ovendry mass values were slightly higher than those reported for New York and northern Minnesota.

scholarly journals Predicting Growing Stock Volume of Eucalyptus Plantations Using 3-D Point Clouds Derived from UAV Imagery and ALS Data

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Cosenza ◽  
Cardil ◽  
Silva ◽  
Botequim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Significant Difference

Estimating forest inventory variables is important in monitoring forest resources and mitigating climate change. In this respect, forest managers require flexible, non-destructive methods for estimating volume and biomass. High-resolution and low-cost remote sensing data are increasingly available to measure three-dimensional (3D) canopy structure and to model forest structural attributes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the individual tree volume estimates derived from high-density point clouds obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) in Eucalyptus spp. plantations. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) techniques were applied for individual tree crown (ITC) delineation. The ITC algorithm applied correctly detected and delineated 199 trees from ALS-derived data, while 192 trees were correctly identified using DAP-based point clouds acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), representing accuracy levels of respectively 62% and 60%. Addressing volume modelling, non-linear regression fit based on individual tree height and individual crown area derived from the ITC provided the following results: Model Efficiency (Mef) = 0.43 and 0.46, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.030 m3 and 0.026 m3, rRMSE = 20.31% and 19.97%, and an approximately unbiased results (0.025 m3 and 0.0004 m3) using DAP and ALS-based estimations, respectively. No significant difference was found between the observed value (field data) and volume estimation from ALS and DAP (p-value from t-test statistic = 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). The proposed approaches could also be used to estimate basal area or biomass stocks in Eucalyptus spp. plantations.

scholarly journals Regional Height–Diameter Equations for Major Tree Species of Southwest Oregon

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailemariam Temesgen ◽  
David W. Hann ◽  
Vincente J. Monleon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Southwest Oregon ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

Abstract Selected tree height and diameter functions were evaluated for their predictive abilities for major tree species of southwest Oregon. Two sets of equations were evaluated. The first set included four base equations for estimating height as a function of individual tree diameter, and the remaining 16 equations enhanced the four base equations with alternative measures of stand density and relative position. The inclusion of the crown competition factor in larger trees (CCFL) and basal area (BA), which simultaneously indicates the relative position of a tree and stand density, into the base height–diameter equations increased the accuracy of prediction for all species. On the average, root mean square error values were reduced by 45 cm (15% improvement). On the basis of the residual plots and fit statistics, two equations are recommended for estimating tree heights for major tree species in southwest Oregon. The equation coefficients are documented for future use.

Individual-tree basal area growth models for jack pine and black spruce in northern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Qinglai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Area Growth

Individual-tree models of five-year basal area growth were developed for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in northern Ontario. Tree growth data were collected from long-term permanent plots of pure and mixed stands of the two species. The models were fitted using mixed model methods due to correlated remeasurements of tree growth over time. Since the data covered a wide range of stand ages, stand conditions and tree sizes, serious heterogeneous variances existed in the data. Therefore, the coefficients of the final models were obtained using weighted regression techniques. The models for the two species were evaluated across 4-cm diameter classes using independent data. The results indicated (1) the models of jack pine and black spruce produced similar prediction errors and biases for intermediate-sized trees (12–28 cm in tree diameter), (2) both models yielded relatively large errors and biases for larger trees (> 28 cm) than those for smaller trees, and (3) the jack pine model produced much larger errors and biases for small-sized trees (< 12 cm) than did the black spruce model. Key words: mixed models, repeated measures, model validation

Relating jack pine budworm damage to stand inventory variables in northern Michigan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2180-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah G. McCullough ◽  
Lyle J. Buss ◽  
Larry D. Marshall ◽  
Jari Kouki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Northern Michigan

Stand-level mortality and top kill from a 1991–1993 jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman) outbreak were surveyed annually in the Raco Plains area of the Hiawatha National Forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula from 1992 to 1994. Defoliation was visually estimated and percentage of trees killed or top killed was determined in 104 stands. In 1994, tree mortality attributable to the outbreak averaged 8% and 17% of trees had dead tops. Current stand inventory data, including age, site index, basal area, and size, were acquired from the Hiawatha Forest. Stands were grouped on the basis of inventory variables used for jack pine management in the Lake States region of the United States. Differences in tree mortality and top kill between groups, and associations between tree mortality and inventory variables, were evaluated. Tree mortality was greater in overmature stands and in overstocked stands, but stand size had little effect. Contrary to expectations, mortality was lower on poor sites with low site index values than on better sites with higher site index values. Mortality was not related to abundance of open-grown, full-canopied wolf trees or to abundance of trees infected with pine gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka (=Peridermiumharknessii J.P. Moore)). Amount of top kill was related to defoliation severity and was higher in overmature and understocked stands. Top kill was not strongly associated with amount of tree mortality or with inventory variables.

Meta-analysis of understory white spruce response to release from overstory aspen

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Ken J Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Response Ratio ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Individual Tree

Meta-analysis was used to summarize the research results on the growth response of understory white spruce to release from overstory aspen from different studies available from published and unpublished sources. The data were screened for the suitability for meta-analysis. Treatment effect sizes were calculated using response ratio from mean cumulative increments of released and control trees since release in height, diameter, and volume and modeled using a polynomial mixed effect regression procedure. Predictor variables include linear, quadratic, and cubic components of three independent variables — initial tree height, number of years after release, and residual basal area at release — and their linear interactions. Models with a reasonable predictive power were developed for height, diameter, and volume response, but no significant model was identified for survival. The models developed in this study can be applied to predict the growth response of understory white spruce to release, based on the growth of unreleased control trees, initial tree height, residual basal area at release, and time since release. The individual tree prediction can be easily scaled up to stand level if residual tree density and distribution is known. Key words: meta-analysis, boreal mixedwood, mixed model, polynomial regression, response ratio, growth, survival

Crown efficiency in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) spacing experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Sterba ◽  
Ralph L Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Crown Projection Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure

Crown efficiency was first defined by Assmann (1961. Waldertragskunde. BLV, München) as individual tree volume increment per unit of crown projection area. He hypothesized that within a given crown class, smaller crowns are more efficient because their ratio between crown surface and horizontal crown projection is higher. Data from a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing experiment were used to test if this hypothesis also holds in young loblolly pine stands and, if so, to determine if it explains the increment differences between spacings in the spacing experiment. Using individual tree height relative to plot dominant height to describe crown class, within-plot regression showed that crown efficiency decreased with crown size for trees below dominant height. This relationship was much less pronounced than indicated from Assmann's examples, although the crown surface to crown projection ratio behaved in the same way as Assmann had hypothesized. Crown efficiency as well as the crown surface to crown projection area ratio decreased with increasing density. Basal area increment per hectare increased until total crown closure approached 130% and then stayed constant. This major impact of total crown coverage brings into question the usefullness of crown efficiency as an indicator for unit area growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document