Interaction of nutrient-loaded black spruce seedlings with neighbouring vegetation in greenhouse environments

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Malik ◽  
Victor R. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Accumulation Slope

The interaction of newly planted, nutrient-loaded black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings with naturally occurring vegetation was investigated for one growing season under greenhouse conditions using bioassays retrieved from a boreal mixedwood site. Nutrient-loaded seedlings were similar in height and biomass to conventionally fertilized seedlings at planting, but contained 43, 76, and 33% more tissue N, P, and K content due to higher nursery fertilization, which induced luxury consumption. Nutrient-loaded seedlings outperformed conventionally fertilized seedlings in respective height and biomass growth by 35 and 28% in herbicide-treated plots, and by 44 and 37% in untreated plots, resulting in a 27% reduction in neighbouring vegetation biomass by the end of the season. The loading treatments stimulated nutrient uptake after planting, although the depletion of preplant nutrient reserves was greater. A significant negative correlation was observed between tree and weed biomass accumulation. Slope differences indicated that loaded trees were less sensitive to neighbouring vegetation than conventionally fertilized trees. The enhanced competitive ability of loaded seedlings against naturally occurring vegetation was probably due to the translocation of more nutrients to actively growing parts from reserves built up during the nursery preconditioning phase.

Field-Scale Spatial and Temporal Soil Water Variability in Irrigated Croplands

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1294
Author(s):  
Hemendra Kumar ◽  
Puneet Srivastava ◽  
Brenda V. Ortiz ◽  
Guilherme Morata ◽  
Bijoychandra S. Takhellambam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Corn Field ◽  
Significant Factors

HighlightsThe greatest heterogeneity in soil water was observed at 30-60 cm depth in a corn field and 0-15 cm in a cotton field.Spatiotemporal soil water variability did not increase with increasing soil water in all soil layers in both croplands during the growing season.Water excess and water stress locations were identified in both fields. A single, temporally stable location was identified in each field, which can be used for precise uniform irrigation.Knowledge of variability and stability in soil water can be useful in determining the number and location of sensors to install in crop fields to assist irrigation scheduling decisions.Abstract. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variability and temporal stability of soil water at various depths in two croplands sown in corn and cotton during the 2018 growing season in the Tennessee Valley Region (TVR) of northern Alabama. Classical statistics and relative difference approaches were used to analyze soil water data in this study. In the corn field, the 30-60 cm depth showed the greatest variability, while the cotton field showed the greatest variability at 0-15 cm depth. A decreasing trend was noticed between mean soil water and coefficient of variation for all depths in the cotton field and at 30-60 cm depth in the corn field. However, convex upward, exponential decreasing, or no trends were found between mean soil water and standard deviation at different depths in both fields. The temporal stability analysis showed one representative sensor (S8 in corn and S1 in cotton) for the entire soil profile in both fields. Different statistical tests, i.e., Spearman’s correlation (rs), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), etc., were used to reduce uncertainty or increase confidence in the performance of representative sensors. Among various field attributes, topography in corn and soil properties in cotton were determined as significant factors responsible for soil water variability. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) showed significant negative weak and moderate correlations with soil water in the corn and cotton fields, respectively. However, the mean air temperature showed a significant positive correlation with soil water in the corn field and a significant negative correlation in the cotton field. Solar radiation had a significant negative correlation with soil water in the cotton field and a non-significant correlation in the corn field. Accumulated growing degree days (accGDD) showed a significant negative correlation with soil water in the corn field and a positive correlation in the cotton field. This study gives insights into soil water variability, provides useful information about temporal stability, and identifies significant factors for precision uniform irrigation scheduling. Keywords: Corn, Cotton, Croplands, Growing season, Irrigation, Soil water, Spatial and temporal variability, Temporal stability.

Competitive ability of cowpea genotypes with different growth habit

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyao Wang ◽  
Milton E. McGiffen ◽  
Jeff D. Ehlers ◽  
Edilene C. S. Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Prostrate Growth

Growth habit is an important determinant of competitive ability in legume crops. Erect ‘Iron-Clay’ (IC), semi-erect ‘IT89KD-288’ (288), and prostrate ‘UCR 779’ (779) cowpea genotypes were planted with four densities of common sunflower or common purslane to determine which cowpea growth habit is more competitive to these weeds having markedly different statures. Both sunflower and purslane reduced cowpea relative growth rate (RGR) but at different phases of the growing season. Low-growing purslane had an effect in the earlier part of the season, and sunflower decreased cowpea RGR in the middle of growing season. RGR of genotype IC was the least affected and genotype 779 the most reduced by sunflower. Cowpea apparently compensated for early season purslane competition by increasing RGR after purslane flowering, with RGR for the IC genotype increasing the most and 779 increasing the least. All cowpea genotypes caused a similar reduction in sunflower biomass accumulation; but purslane biomass was most reduced by genotype IC and least affected by genotype 288. Erect genotype IC is more competitive due to its taller stature, greater height growth rate, and higher position of maximal leaf area density, despite a lower photosynthetic rate and light use efficiency than the other cowpea genotypes. Our results suggest that erect cowpea growth habit may be generally more competitive with weeds compared to semi-erect or prostrate growth habit.

Comparing natural and planted black spruce seedlings. II. Nutrient uptake and efficiency of use

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2435-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison D. Munson ◽  
Pierre Y. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Net Export ◽  
Strong Culture

The acclimation of planted black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings to site nutrient condition was assessed by comparing their nutrient status with that of naturally regenerated seedlings on the same site during a 2-year period. The seasonal patterns for N, P, and K status (nutrient concentration and content) were markedly different for planted and natural seedlings. The former showed an early season decline in concentration that was less evident or absent in natural seedlings. This pattern persisted 1 year after planting, although biomass accumulation increased. Nutrient ratios indicated a strong culture regime effect on the balance of nutrients. This effect was considerably diluted 1 year after transplantation. Phosphorus and K levels in 1-year transplants and natural seedlings were close to the defined optimums for black spruce. Nutrient use efficiency of planted seedlings tended to increase with acclimation to site. Retranslocation from older needles of planted seedlings indicated net export of nutrients, while natural seedlings had a storage capacity in older foliage, indicated by net nutrient accumulation at the end of the growing season. Planting significantly reduced biomass allocation to current foliage, and naturally regenerated seedlings produced current foliage earlier in the growing season compared to planted seedlings.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and its association with naturally occurring diseases in Holstein heifer calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-559
Author(s):  
J.S. Ramos ◽  
K.M. Madureira ◽  
K.N. da Silva ◽  
K.A. Bosco ◽  
L.M. Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the use of haptoglobin (Hp) as an indicator of health and performance in 166 Holstein heifer calves reared in an intensive production system. Calves were evaluated at D6-9; D10-13; D20-23; D35-38 and D65-68, corresponding to the days of life. The absence or presence of diseases was evaluated by physical examination and classification of scores. The performance parameters evaluated were body weight, height at withers and hind width. Hp was measured by spectrophotometric technique. The highest prevalence of diarrhea (59.4%; 98/165) was observed in D10-13, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was on D35-38 (25.8%; 42/163), and umbilical inflammations in D6-D9 (7.8%; 13/166). Highest values of Hp were observed in animals with diarrhea (P=0.02), and umbilical inflammation (P=0.057), in comparison with the group of healthy calves. A significant negative correlation was observed between Hp and performance index. This protein presented an important relation with diarrhea and performance of the calves, opening perspectives on its utilization as a biomarker of diseases.

Thrombin generation in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S61-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cvirn ◽  
A. Rosenkranz ◽  
B. Leschnik ◽  
W. Raith ◽  
W. Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Age Range

SummaryThrombin generation was studied in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) in terms of the lag time until the onset of thrombin formation, time to thrombin peak maximum (TTP), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and thrombin peak height. The suitability to determine the coagulation status of these patients was investigated. Patients, material, methods: CAT data of 40 patients with CHD (age range from newborn to 18 years) were compared to data using standard coagulation parameters such as prothrombin (FII), antithrombin (AT), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F 1.2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT). Results: A significant positive correlation was seen between ETP and FII (p < 0.01; r = 0.369), as well as between peak height and F II (p < 0.01; r = 0.483). A significant negative correlation was seen between ETP and TFPI values (p < 0.05; r = –0.225) while no significant correlation was seen between peak height and TFPI. A significant negative correlation was seen between F 1.2 generation and ETP (p < 0.05; r = –0.254) and between F 1.2 generation and peak height (p < 0.05; r = –0.236). No correlation was seen between AT and ETP or peak. Conclusions: CAT is a good global test reflecting procoagulatory and inhibitory factors of the haemostatic system in paediatric patients with CHD.

Negative Correlation Between Serum Levels of Homocysteine and Apolipoprotein M

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
J. Wei ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
Y. Feng ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Q. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Apolipoprotein M ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) has been suggested as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a constituent of the HDL particles. The goal of this study was to examine the serum levels of homocysteine and apoM and to determine whether homocysteine influences apoM synthesis. Methods: Serum levels of apoM and Hcy in 17 hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) patients and 19 controls were measured and their correlations were analyzed. Different concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and LY294002, a specific phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, were used to treat HepG2 cells. The mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR and the apoM protein mass was measured by western blot. Results: We found that decreased serum apoM levels corresponded with serum HDL levels in HHcy patients, while the serum apoM levels showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the serum Hcy levels. Moreover, apoM mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased after the administration of Hcy in HepG2 cells, and this effect could be abolished by addition of LY294002. Conclusions: resent study demonstrates that Hcy downregulates the expression of apoM by mechanisms involving the PI3K signal pathway.

scholarly journals Daytime nap and nighttime breastfeeding are associated with toddlers’ nighttime sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Rinshu Shimabukuro ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
Takayo Nakazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to examine the association between toddlers' sleep arrangements and their nighttime sleep duration and other sleep variables. For this investigation, we performed a study in which child activity and sleep levels were recorded using actigraphy. The parents of 1.5-year-old toddlers (n = 106) were asked to attach an actigraphy unit to their child’s waist with an adjustable elastic belt and complete a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days. Questionnaires were used to assess the sleep arrangements of the toddlers. There was a significant negative correlation between nap duration and nighttime sleep duration, suggesting that longer nap sleep induces shorter nighttime sleep duration. Among the sleep arrangements, such as nighttime breastfeeding or co-sleeping, only nighttime breastfeeding predicted shorter nighttime sleep duration. Our findings indicate that shorter naps induce a longer nighttime sleep in 1.5-year-old toddlers while nighttime breastfeeding decreases their nighttime sleep duration.

scholarly journals Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Deaths, Case Incidence and Case Fatality Ratio among the Continents for the Period of 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Wajdy J. Al-Awaida ◽  
Baker Jawabrah Al Hourani ◽  
Samer Swedan ◽  
Refat Nimer ◽  
Foad Alzoughool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may affect various aspects of the disease including fatality ratio. In this study, 553,518 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients from continents for the period 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 were comprehensively analyzed and a total of 82 mutations were identified concerning the reference sequence. In addition, associations between the mutations and the case fatality ratio (CFR), cases per million and deaths per million, were examined. The mutations having the highest frequencies among different continents were Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L. Among the identified mutations, NSP2_T153M, NSP14_I42V and Spike_L18F mutations showed a positive correlation to CFR. While the NSP13_Y541C, NSP3_T73I and NSP3_Q180H mutations demonstrated a negative correlation to CFR. The Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations showed a positive correlation to deaths per million. The NSP3_T1198K, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a significant negative correlation to deaths per million. The NSP12_P323L and Spike_D614G mutations showed a positive correlation to the number of cases per million. In contrast, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a negative correlation to the number of cases per million. In addition, among the identified clades, none showed a significant correlation to CFR. The G, GR, GV, S clades showed a significant positive correlation to deaths per million. The GR and S clades showed a positive correlation to number of cases per million. The clades having the highest frequencies among continents were G, followed by GH and GR. These findings should be taken into consideration during epidemiological surveys of the virus and vaccine development.

387 The moderating effect of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between insomnia severity and bedtime procrastination

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A153-A154
Author(s):  
Huisu Jeon ◽  
Sonhye Jeoung ◽  
Goeun Kim ◽  
Hyeyoung An ◽  
Hyojin Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Active Regulation ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of going to bed later than intended, despite the absence of external factors. Bedtime procrastination is also prevalent among insomnia patients, and is associated with various sleep problems. Recent studies suggest emotional regulation as a mechanism of the procrastination behavior that is the conceptual foundation of bedtime procrastination. Emotional regulation difficulties are also associated with insomnia, but there is still a lack of research on the relationship between insomnia, emotional regulation strategies and bedtime procrastination. Thus, the study assumed that severity of insomnia would affect bedtime procrastination, and examined the moderating effect of the emotional regulation strategies in this relationship. Methods This study was conducted in 376 adults (mean age 23.73 ±2.14 years, 84.6% females). Participants were asked to answer Bedtime procrastination scale (BPS), an emotional regulation strategy checklist, and the Insomnia severity scale (ISI). Results As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between insomnia severity and bedtime procrastination (r=.286, p&lt;.01), and avoidant/distractive regulation style (r=.101, p&lt;.05). active regulation style (r=-.172, p&lt;.01) and support seeking regulation style (r=-.102, p&lt;.01) showed a significant negative correlation with the severity of insomnia. Bedtime procrastination behavior showed significant negative correlation only with active regulation style (r=-.151, p&lt;.01). Support seeking regulation style moderated the relationship between insomnia and bedtime procrastination behavior (B=.0165, 95%, CI=.0014, .0316). The interaction effect between insomnia and support seeking regulation style was also significant (∆R^2=.0112, p&lt;.05), indicating that the effect of insomnia on bedtime procrastination depends on the level of use of the support seeking regulation style. Conclusion These findings suggest that the level of support seeking regulation style is meaningful in terms of how insomnia affects bedtime procrastination. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2018S1A5A8026807)

scholarly journals Evaluation of serum adropin and irisin levels and its association with anthropometric obesity indices and biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetic patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Foad Alzoughool ◽  
Huda Al Hourani ◽  
Manar Atoum ◽  
Sajedah Bateineh ◽  
Hanan Alsheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
Group Serum

BACKGROUND/AIM: The newly described proteins adropin and irisin are a highly conserved polypeptide that plays essential roles in metabolic and energy homeostasis, insulin resistance, and fat browning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the circulating levels of serum adropin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and also to elucidate possible relationships between serum adropin and irisin levels with anthropometric obesity indices and biochemical parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Single-center prospective observational study included 90 T2DM patients referred to the diabetes outpatient clinic. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lipids, creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen were evaluated. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated, serum adropin and irisin were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed a significant positive correlation between adropin and irisin in females but not in males (r = 0.311; P = 0.042). In males’ group, serum adropin levels showed significant negative correlation with serum glucose (–0.423, P = <  0.05), HbA1C (–0.364, P = <  0.05), and GFR (–0.355, P = <  0.05). In contrast, creatinine was showed a significant positive correlation with adropin in males (0.381, P = <  0.05). In females’ group, adropin showed a significant negative correlation with weight (–0.371, P = <  0.05), BMI (–0.349, P = <  0.05), WC (–0.402, P = <  0.01), and WHtR (–0.398, P = <  0.01). Contrary, in males’ group, serum irisin levels showed significant positive correlation with weight (0.338, P = <  0.05), BMI (0.332, P = <  0.05), WC (0.409, P = <  0.01), and WHtR (0.432, P = <  0.01). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that, in T2DM patients, circulating serum adrpoin correlated negatively with anthropometric obesity indices of obesity in females, while serum irisin was positively correlated with anthropometric obesity indices of obesity in males.

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