The response of Härtel's turbidity test is controlled by the acidity of the conifer needle extracts rather than by the availability of Ca2+ ions

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartwig W Pfeifhofer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Turbidity Test ◽  
Chelating Compounds ◽  
Conifer Needle

Härtel's turbidity test (Trübungstest) has been one widely used diagnostic test for air pollution injury for decades. This test is based on the extraction of lipophilic substances into an aqueous suspension, whose light absorption is used as an indication of exposure to pollution. Little is known about the underlying principles controlling the response of the test. In this study, the influence of the cations Li+, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ and that of the anions Cl-, Br-, I-, and SO42- on the response of Härtel's test was reinvestigated. In contrast to an earlier study, both the extracts' absorbance and acidity were monitored. Additionally, the effects of the Ca-chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and oxalic acid were compared with that of deionized water and different buffers. All effects of ions including that of Ca2+ on the response of the test were accompanied by shifts of the extracts' acidity. Even small changes in the pH caused significant variations in the test's response. On the other hand, addition of the Ca chelating agents EDTA and oxalic acid to the solvent did not affect the response of the test when the pH was equal to solvents without Ca chelating compounds. Therefore, the previously published assumption that the availability of Ca2+ could be the main principle of the test's reaction mechanism was not confirmed.

Study on the continuous precipitation of U(IV) oxalate in a vortex precipitator

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanbo Li ◽  
Yongzhi Ning ◽  
Taihong Yan ◽  
Weifang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nucleation Process ◽  
Average Residence Time ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Vortex Zone ◽  
Forced Vortex ◽  
Particles Size Distribution

Abstract The effects of feeding location, stirring speed and apparent average residence time on oxalate crystals size and distribution, tackiness of the product on the walls of reactor and stirring paddle were investigated in a vortex continuous precipitator at 45 °C. The results showed agglomeration happened during nucleation and crystals growth of U(IV) oxalate. Both local supersaturations and agglomeration maked the particles size distribution of U(IV) oxalate from 10–100 µm and the average sizes 35–45 µm. On the other hand, when the nucleation process were controlled to happen in the forced vortex zone, two feeding locations: (a) both oxalic acid and U(IV) nitrate solution into the forced vortex zone, (b) oxalic acid into the free vortex and U(IV) nitrate solution into the forced vortex, tackiness of the crystals on the wall of the precipitator could be effectively avoided.

scholarly journals Composition of dental plaque formed in the presence of sucrose and after its interruption

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Aline Soler Marques ◽  
Cíntia Pereira Machado Tabchoury ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Two Stages

Since dental plaque reservoirs of fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) are susceptible to decreases in pH, this in situ crossover study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the low concentration of these ions in plaque, formed in the presence of sucrose, could be attributed merely to the fermentation of this sugar. Eleven volunteers wore palatal appliances containing 6 human enamel blocks during two stages. In each stage, the treatments were either 20% sucrose solution or distilled deionized water, which were dripped onto the blocks 8 times a day. After 28 days, in each stage, the dental plaque formed on two blocks was collected, the treatment was inverted and after a further 24 and 48 h, the biofilm formed was collected from the other blocks. The concentration of acid-soluble F, Ca and Pi, and the concentration of insoluble polysaccharide (IP) were determined in the dental plaque. Statistically lower concentrations of F, Ca and Pi, and a higher concentration of IP were found in the 28-day biofilm formed in the presence of sucrose than in its absence; after the treatment inversion the change in F, Ca and Pi was not statistically significant, but the IP concentration changed significantly. The hypothesis was rejected because change in concentration of F, Ca and Pi is not due to fermentation of the sucrose.

To assess the importance of Nidana Parivarjan in the treatment of Urdhvag Amlapitta with Guduchi Satva

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Parag Vishwas Kulkarni ◽  
Mangesh Jagannath Thamake
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Better Than

Amlapitta is one of the leading clinical conditions in today’s speedy lifestyle. Present study focuses on this burning issue and its causes mentioned in Ayurved texts and actual causes observed in day to day life. Importance and benefits of Nidanparivarjan over only symptomatic treatment was assessed during this study. Amlapitta cases were diagnosed according to Ayurvedic texts and classified into two groups. One group was administered with only treatment and the other group was advised Nidanparivarjan along with the treatment. At the end of the study, it was found that the group with Nidanparivarjan was more benefited as compared to only treatment group. This clearly states that Ayurvedic method of finding the particular Hetu of the disease and practice of avoiding those Hetu; i.e. Nidanparivarjan leads to better results and complete eradication and prevention of the disease; thus serving the main principle of Ayurved science - Prevention is better than Cure.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Monitoring of P. fluorescens and S. epidermidis Biofilm under Different Media by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Other Corroborative Techniques

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Marco Consumi ◽  
Kamila Jankowska ◽  
Gemma Leone ◽  
Claudio Rossi ◽  
Alessio Pardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

In the present study, the early stage of bacteria biofilm formation has been studied as a function of different nutrients. Infrared spectra of Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), on germanium ATR crystal, were collected under deionized water H2O, phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and PBS with glucose (PBS-G). In H2O, protein bands of PF increased while, no difference in PBS and PBS-G were observed until 135 min. SE strain showed a low sensitivity to PBS composition starting to expose proteins on surfaces after 120 min. SE shows a low polysaccharides increase in H2O while, in bare and enriched PBS their intensity increases after 120 and 75 min. in PBS and PBS-G respectively. PF exhibits a peculiar behavior in H2O where the saccharide bands increased strongly after 100 min, while under all the other conditions, the intensity of polysaccharide bands increased up to the plateau probably because the layer of the biofilm exceeded the penetration capability of FTIR technique. All data suggest that, under lack of nutrients, both the bacteria tend to firmly anchor themselves to the support using proteins.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTRACT OF SOME CROPS AND SOIL RESIDUES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Nielsen ◽  
W. B. Woods ◽  
T. F. Cuddy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Six plant species were germinated in sand wetted with water extracts of tissues of five field crops and three soils. Deionized water was used as a check f he study was conducted using standard seed germination techniques.Alter 7 to 10 days all of the germinated seeds were harvested and measurements made of the shoot and root lengths.Alfalfa extract caused the greatest reduction in shoot and root length as well as m percentage germination. It caused the greatest increase in the time required for germination. Timothy extract was not quite as harmful as the alfalfa. Extracts of oats, corn and potatoes were still less harmful with potato extract causing the least effect.The soil extracts generally had very little effect when compared with deionized water.Plant species showed marked differences in tolerance to the extracts alfalfa being the most resistant and timothy the least.Where water alone was used rate of germination and per cent germination were as high or higher than with the other extracts, but the root and shoot lengths were not always the greatest.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK PELAKSANAAN CAR FREE DAY DI KOTA DENPASAR Studi kasus: Jalan Raya Puputan Niti Mandala Renon

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Decy Arwini ◽  
I N. Widana Negara ◽  
I P. Alit Suthanaya
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Sunday Morning ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
Working Day

Abstract: Renon area is the center of the goverment system of Bali province. As one of the main street in Denpasar city, this street can represent the characteristics of Denpasar city which is the Car Free Day  was held in in every Sunday morning in this street, as a simple way to reduce the air pollution and noise. The calculation in this journal is road performance, air pollution and noise level for 2 condition that is in Car Free Day and in working day. From the calculation result of road performance, the capacity of the street is 4.110 pcu/hour with degree of saturation is 0,8. The level of street service is on D category where the flow is almost unstable with high volume of traffic. The traffic volume is mostly reached the capacity and delay is frequently occur in this street. The measurement process of the level of air pollution showed that from six parameter which tested were over all are still under the standard quality which is allowed as good and medium category. The Sulfur dioksida (SO2) which was measured in busy day showed the improvement about 6,78% from the measurement which is done in Car Free Day. The nitrogen dioksida showed the improvement for about 36,35% , the carbon monoksida also showed the improvement for about 366,25%, the total dust had the greatest improvement  for about  599,95% or six time greater rather than the level of total dust in Car Free Day. In the other hand, oxidantshowed the improvement for about 28,75%.The noises which occured in Car Free Day showed  the average level of dB(A)is 61,65 whereas in workdays showed 72,77 dB(A). At 07.30 until 07.45  in the morning , the maximum level of noises occurs in Car Free Day and in work day. The noises improvement which occured when the Car Free Day was held with workday is about 19,17%.

Leach Tests of Simulated Low-Level Transuranic Waste Forms Containing Transuranic Elements

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Welch ◽  
Claude W. Sill ◽  
John E. Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rocky Flats ◽  
Leach Rate ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Transuranic Waste

ABSTRACTSimulations of waste forms that might be produced by slagging pyrolysis incineration of low-level transuranic (TRU) wastes stored at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) have been fabricated containing the transuranic isotopes 237Np, 239pu, 24lAm, 244Cm at levels of approximately 1 μCi per gram of each.Leach tests were performed using frit and vitrified monolithic specimens of average INEL TRU waste, portland cement monoliths made with frit as aggregate, and vitrified monoliths of INEL soil and simulated Rocky Flats sludge. Static leach tests were performed at 90, 70, 40, and 25°C in deionized water for up to 364 days. Leachates were analyzed for the TRU elements by alpha spectrometry. The following generalizations can be made:1. Cemented frit and vitrified sludge waste forms produce leachates with the highest pHs (>11) and have the lowest TRU leach rates, 10−4 g/m2.d at 90°C.2. Neptunium has a higher leach rate than the other three TRU elements by as much as two orders of magnitude for all waste forms tested except cemented frit.3. Only the vitrified soil samples display a marked temperature dependence for leach rates of all four TRU elements.

The Alkaloids of Senecio jacobaea L. III. The structure of Jaconecic Acid

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Partition Chromatography

Oxidation of jaconecic acid by nitric acid yields four acid products, which have been separated by a combination of partition chromatography on silica gel, and paper chromatography. Two of these fragments have been identified as αβ-dimethylmalic acid and oxalic acid, whilst the other two are dibasic acids having the formulae C9H14O6 and C9H12O7. These findings support the structure previously assigned to jaconecic acid.

Prolactin and survival in deionized water of the marine form (trachurus) of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Leatherland ◽  
T. J. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Optimum Range

The marine form (trachurus) of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) showed rapid mortality in deionized water in the early winter, and prolactin injection could significantly reduce this mortality although it could not completely prevent it. A single prolactin injection 24 h before transfer of fish to deionized water was apparently as effective as three prior injections (on alternate days). There was no obvious dose–response relationship. However, there appears to be an optimum range since both a low dose of 1 μg/g and a high dose of 30 μg/g were less effective than the intermediate doses which did not differ significantly amongst themselves.On the other hand, prolactin was ineffective when the fish were transferred to deionized water only 3 h after the injection. Both the solvent-injected and prolactin-injected fish in this case showed a more rapid mortality rate than the uninjected fish.When the fish were transferred 48 h after the injection, prolactin appeared to be even more effective than when the fish were transferred 24 h after the injection, but in this case slightly larger doses were apparently required.

The oxidation of gaseous glyoxal

1965 ◽  
Vol 288 (1412) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Glyoxalic Acid ◽  
Induced Decomposition ◽  
Two Stages

The oxidation of gaseous glyoxal has been studied at temperatures between 290 and 370 °C both manometrically and by detailed product analysis. The reaction has been shown to occur in two stages; in the first, glyoxal reacts to give mainly carbon monoxide and glyoxalic acid and in the second, glyoxalic acid is subject to further oxidation to oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide and water. Of the two previous investigations of the reaction, that of Steacie, Hatcher & Horwood (1935 a ) has been shown to have been concerned with the first stage and in the other (Newitt, Baxt & Kelkar 1939), carried out at ignition temperatures, the reaction proceeded through both stages. The oxidation is accompanied by an oxygen induced decomposition and a mechanism similar to that proposed by one of us (Axford & Norrish 1948) for the oxidation of formaldehyde, involving OH, CHO and HO 2 radicals has been developed and shown to account satisfactorily for the observed facts.

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