Cardioprotective and antihypertensive effects of Enicostemma littorale Blume extract in fructose-fed rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj M. Bhatt ◽  
Meenal Chavda ◽  
Dipali Desai ◽  
Rishit Zalawadia ◽  
Vaibhav B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Enicostemma Littorale ◽  
High Level

We investigated the protective effects of Enicostemma littorale Blume (EL) extract on hypertension and insulin resistance along with its associated cardiovascular complications in high fructose (HF) fed rats. For this, rats were divided among 4 groups: (i) control, fed laboratory chow; (ii) fed with a high level of fructose; (iii) fed with a high level of fructose plus E. littorale extract; and (iv) fed with a high level of fructose plus rosiglitazone (Rg). EL and Rg treatments were given simultaneously with HF diet. The results show that untreated HF-fed rats showed altered oral glucose tolerance, increased fasting insulin, and increased fasting glucose. These rats also exhibited hypertriglyceridemia, moderate hypertension, platelet hyperaggregability, decreased prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, altered vascular reactivity, and increased serum levels of enzymes (creatine kinase, type muscle–brain (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT). This is the first demonstration of platelet hyperaggregation and prothrombotic alteration in HF-fed rats. HF-fed rats treated with EL showed improved insulin resistance, along with reduced hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, platelet aggregability, blood coagulation, serum enzymes (CK-MB, SGOT, LDH and SGPT), and vascular reactivity. These effects of EL in HF-induced hypertensive rats might be associated with the suppression of hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, along with its antiatherogenic and antithrombogenic potential. These data indicate that the aqueous extract of EL has great therapeutic potential for the prevention and (or) management of insulin resistance and the associated hypertension.

scholarly journals Association between Serum Mg2+ Concentrations and Cardiovascular Organ Damage in a Cohort of Adult Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elettra Mancuso ◽  
Maria Perticone ◽  
Rosangela Spiga ◽  
Carolina Averta ◽  
Mariangela Rubino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk

Magnesium (Mg2+) levels are associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We evaluated the clinical utility of physiological Mg2+ in assessing subclinical cardiovascular organ damage including increased carotid artery intima- media thickness (c-IMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in a cohort of well-characterized adult non-diabetic individuals. Age- and gender-adjusted correlations between Mg2+ and metabolic parameters showed that Mg2+ circulating levels were correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and 2h-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose. Similarly, Mg2+ levels were significantly and negatively related to c-IMT and LVMI. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (β = 0.440; p < 0.0001), BMI (β = 0.225; p < 0.0001), and Mg2+ concentration (β = −0.122; p < 0.01) were independently associated with c-IMT. Age (β = 0.244; p = 0.012), Mg2+ (β = −0.177; p = 0.019), and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.184; p = 0.038) were significantly associated with LVMI in women, while age (β = 0.211; p = 0.019), Mg2+ (β = −0.171; p = 0.038) and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β = −0.211; p = 0.041) were the sole variables associated with LVMI in men. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that the assessment of Mg2+ as part of the initial work-up might help unravel the presence of subclinical organ damage in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Correlation between Blood Activin Levels and Clinical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wu ◽  
Michael Wu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Carolyn A. Allan ◽  
David J. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Model Assessment

Aims. Activins A and B, and their binding protein, follistatin, regulate glucose metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, their role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) was examined.Methods. Blood was taken from fasted participants (34 males; 58 females; 50–75 years) with diabetes or during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Clinical parameters were assessed, and blood assayed for activins, follistatin, and C-reactive protein.Results. Serum levels of activin A (93.3 ± 27.0 pg/mL, mean ± SD), B (81.8 ± 30.8 pg/mL), or follistatin (6.52 ± 3.15 ng/mL) were not different (P>0.05) between subjects with normal OGTT (n=39), impaired glucose tolerance and/or fasting glucose (n=17), or T2D (n=36). However, activin A and/or activin B were positively correlated with parameters of insulin resistance and T2D, including fasting glucose (P<0.001), fasting insulin (P=0.02), glycated hemoglobin (P=0.003), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR;P<0.001). Follistatin was positively correlated with HOMA-IR alone (P=0.01).Conclusions. These data indicate that serum measurements of activin A, B, or follistatin cannot discriminate risk for T2D in individual patients, but the activins display a positive relationship with clinical parameters of the disease.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic Activity of Triphala Fruit Extracts, Individually and in Combination, in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300
Author(s):  
Venkateshan S. Prativadibhayankaram ◽  
Samir Malhotra ◽  
Promila Pandhi ◽  
Amritpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
High Fructose

We have investigated the possible antidiabetic properties of fruit extracts of Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz. and T. bellirica Roxb., individually and in combination (Triphala) in a high fructose diet induced rat model of insulin resistance. In the first part of the study, normal animals were studied for hypoglycemic activity. In the second part, animals were given a high fructose diet (HFD) for 40 days, for the last 20 days of which fruit extracts were also given. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed at the baseline, and at days 20 and 40. Fasting plasma insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) resistance index were also assessed at baseline, 20 and 40 days. Fasting lipid levels were measured at the end of the study. During the first part of the investigation, in which extracts were given to normal animals, T. chebula showed significant hypoglycemic activity. During the second part of the study, in which the extracts were given to HFD fed rats, T. chebula caused a significant decrease in FPG and AUC. Emblica officinalis and Triphala caused a normalization of FPG. T. bellirica caused a reduction in AUC levels, but had no effect on FPG levels. T. bellirica caused a reduction in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein levels. In conclusion, all three components of Triphala showed significant antidiabetic properties. T. bellirica, in addition, showed hypolipidemic activity.

Contributions of total and regional fat mass to risk for cardiovascular disease in older women

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. E1023-E1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Van Pelt ◽  
E. M. Evans ◽  
K. B. Schechtman ◽  
A. A. Ehsani ◽  
W. M. Kohrt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Regional Body Composition

The aim of this study was to determine whether trunk fat mass, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), is predictive of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, independently of arm and leg fat mass, in postmenopausal women. Total and regional body composition was measured by DEXA in 166 healthy, postmenopausal women (66 ± 4 yr). Four primary markers of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were assessed: 1) area under the curve for the insulin (INSAUC) response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 2) product of the OGTT glucose and insulin areas (INSAUC×GLUAUC), 3) serum triglycerides (TG), and 4) high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Trunk fat mass was the strongest independent predictor of each of the primary dependent variables. In multivariate regression models, trunk fat mass was associated with unfavorable levels of INSAUC, INSAUC×GLUAUC, TG, and HDL-C, whereas leg fat mass was favorably associated with each of these variables. Thus trunk fat is a strong independent predictor of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women, whereas leg fat appears to confer protective effects against metabolic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Designation of a Novel DKK1 Multiepitope DNA Vaccine and Inhibition of Bone Loss in Collagen-Induced Arthritic Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Zhang ◽  
Sibo Liu ◽  
Shentao Li ◽  
Yuxuan Du ◽  
Yunpeng Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Level

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secretory inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, plays a critical role in certain bone loss diseases. Studies have shown that serum levels of DKK1 are significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and are correlated with the severity of the disease, which indicates the possibility that bone erosion in RA may be inhibited by neutralizing the biological activity of DKK1. In this study, we selected a panel of twelve peptides using the software DNASTAR 7.1 and screened high affinity and immunogenicity epitopesin vitroandin vivoassays. Furthermore, we optimized four B cell epitopes to design a novel DKK1 multiepitope DNA vaccine and evaluated its bone protective effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of RA. High level expression of the designed vaccine was measured in supernatant of COS7 cells. In addition, intramuscular immunization of BALB/c mice with this vaccine was also highly expressed and sufficient to induce the production of long-term IgG, which neutralized natural DKK1in vivo. Importantly, this vaccine significantly attenuated bone erosion in CIA mice compared with positive control mice. These results provide evidence for the development of a DNA vaccine targeted against DKK1 to attenuate bone erosion.

Biochemical predictors of metabolically unhealthy obesity in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah Young Cho ◽  
Jung Gi Roh ◽  
Young Suk Shim ◽  
Hae Sang Lee ◽  
Jin Soon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with obesity can now be classified according to metabolic profile, as those with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We aimed to determine the prevalence of MUO and identify its biochemical predictors in pediatric patients with obesity. Methods We evaluated the medical records of 187 boys and girls with obesity. The children were divided into MHO and MUO groups, and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to identify impaired glucose regulation and hyperinsulinism, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of MUO in children with obesity. Results Of the 187 children, MUO was found in 71.7% (n=134) and MHO in 28.3% (n=53); those in the MHO group were younger than those in the MUO group. Blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels were significantly higher in the MUO group than in the MHO group. Further, the MUO group exhibited a significantly higher level of insulin resistance (p<0.05) than the MHO group. Serum levels of uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were confirmed as biochemical predictors of the MUO phenotype in children with obesity. Conclusions The ratio of MUO in children with obesity was relatively high; further, serum levels of uric acid and HOMA-IR can be used as biochemical predictors of MUO.

scholarly journals Salvia miltiorrhizaInjection Ameliorates Renal Damage Induced by Lead Exposure in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Juanjuan Ma ◽  
Weichong Dong ◽  
Qiongtao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pb Accumulation ◽  
And Function

Exposure to lead (Pb) can induce kidney injury and our recent studies have found thatSalvia miltiorrhiza(SM) injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, could protect against the organ injury induced by iron overload. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of SM injection on nephrotoxicity induced by Pb acetate in mice and to elucidate the potential mechanism(s). Healthy male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Pb, low-doseSalvia miltiorrhiza(L-SM), and high-doseSalvia miltiorrhiza(H-SM). SM injection dose dependently reduced the Pb accumulation in the kidney, decreased kidney coefficients, and ameliorated renal structure and function from the morphology analysis. Meanwhile, SM administration downregulated serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR), decreased malondialdehyde (MAD) content, and increased activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the kidney homogenate. Moreover, SM injection reduced the level of renal apoptosis by immunohistochemical staining analysis. Our findings implicate the therapeutic potential of SM injection for Pb-induced nephrotoxicity, which were at least partly due to the decrease of Pb accumulation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of renal apoptosis. These results provided preliminary experimental support for Danshen as a therapeutic drug for Pb poisoning diseases.

scholarly journals Meal-Related Asprosin Serum Levels Are Affected by Insulin Resistance and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Children With Obesity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Corica ◽  
Giorgia Pepe ◽  
Tommaso Aversa ◽  
Monica Currò ◽  
Selenia Curatola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Circadian Oscillation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Study Population

Asprosin physiologically increases in fasting conditions and decreases with refeeding and has been implicated in glucose homeostasis. An alteration of meal-related circadian oscillation of asprosin has been suggested in adults affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus.Aims of this study were to test the hypothesis of an alteration in the meal-related variation of asprosin levels in non-diabetic children and adolescents with obesity and to assess which metabolic variables condition this variation in non-diabetic children and adolescents with obesity. This is a cross-sectional study which included 79 children and adolescents with obesity. Children underwent clinical and biochemical assessments, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and liver ultrasound evaluation. Asprosin serum levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at a fasting state and at the 120-minute OGTT timepoint (2h-postprandial asprosin). Fasting and 2h-postprandial asprosin serum levels did not significantly differ in the entire study population (374.28 ± 77.23 vs 375.27 ± 81.26;p=0.837). 55.7% of patients had a significant increase in 2h-postprandial asprosin compared with fasting levels. The asprosin level increase condition was significantly associated with HOMA-IR (OR,1.41; 95%CI,1.005-1.977; p=0.047), fasting glycaemia (OR,1.073; 95%CI,1.009-1.141;p=0.024) and HOMA-B (OR,0.99; 95%CI,0.984-0.999; p=0.035). Moreover, the IFG condition was associated with the increase in asprosin levels (OR, 3.040; 95%CI, 1.095-8.436; p=0.033), even after adjustment for HOMA-IR, BMI SDS, sex and pubertal stage. Insulin resistance and IFG influence meal-related changes of asprosin serum levels in our study population of obese, non-diabetic, children. Alteration of asprosin circadian secretion might be an early biomarker of impaired glucose regulation in obese children with insulin resistance.

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