Evaluation of topical phenol as a means of producing autonomic denervation of the liver

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Lautt ◽  
Anne M. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Chronic Denervation

Topical application of 90% phenol around the bile duct, portal vein, and hepatic artery, as well as along each of the three hepatic ligaments was tested for effectiveness of rapid and chronic denervation in cats. Because phenol produces nonselective nerve degeneration, it was assumed that proof of functional sympathectomy was adequate proof of disruption of parasympathetic and afferent nerves as well. Functional sympathetic neurons were evaluated by measuring physiological responses to direct electrical stimulation of the anterior hepatic plexus. Acute or rapid denervation was assessed by the degree of rise in portal blood pressure produced by nerve stimulation. Complete denervation appeared within 20 min and was still present by 80 min postapplication. Chronic denervation was tested by applying the phenol and recovering the cats for 6–14 days. An equal number (n = 6) of sham-denervated cats were compared. Phenol denervation did not alter basal glucose, insulin or glucagon levels, hematocrit, blood pressure, or hepatic glycogen levels. These variables are a good index of stress and metabolic status. Nerve stimulation in the chronic sham group raised portal pressure, arterial pressure, and blood glucose levels, whereas the chronic-denervated group showed no responses. The health of the two groups appeared normal with the sole difference being that the painted itssues were mildly discolored and more adhesions appeared in the phenol-denervated set. Thus phenol is a useful tool for producing hepatic denervation. It is less traumatic, faster, and more certain than surgical denervation. In addition, the hepatic lymphatics can be preserved using the topical application of phenol.

Evaluation of hepatic venous resistance responses using index of contractility

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. G510-G516
Author(s):  
W. W. Lautt ◽  
D. J. Legare
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Portal Flow ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Venous Distensibility ◽  
Venous Resistance ◽  
Almost All

Hepatic vascular responses to 1.25 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 norepinephrine, infused into the hepatic artery, and 8-Hz nerve stimulation were monitored in anesthetized cats using a recently introduced index of contractility (IC). IC was validated in that it did not change passively in response to passive changes in portal flow or distending blood pressure, whereas the distensible venous resistance sites showed dramatic changes in resistance. Resistance is altered by both active contractile responses and passive distensibility; IC is not altered passively but is affected by changes in vascular tone. Resistance was a less sensitive index of vasoconstriction because, although the constriction increased resistance, the subsequent elevation in portal and intrahepatic pressure counteracted the constriction; the extent of active neurogenic response using resistance as the index was grossly underestimated due to venous distensibility. IC showed that pre- and postsinusoidal constriction occurred to both norepinephrine and nerves; extensive vascular escape from neurogenic constriction occurred for the portal vein so that by 5 min almost all the rise in portal pressure was due to hepatic venous constriction.

Screening for asymptomatic diabetes and metabolic comorbidities in pediatric patients during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Larouche ◽  
Caroline Bellavance ◽  
Pauline Tibout ◽  
Sebastien Bergeron ◽  
David Simonyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Oncology Unit ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Objectives Chronic metabolic disturbances related to cancer treatment are well reported among survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, few studies have investigated the incidence of these complications during the phase of chemotherapy. We evaluated the incidence of acute metabolic complications occurring during therapy in our cohort of patients diagnosed with ALL. Methods A prospective study involving 50 ALL pediatric patients diagnosed and treated between 2012 and 2016 in our oncology unit. We collected weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) levels during the two years of therapy. Results Obesity and overweight occurred in 43 and 25%, respectively among patients and have been reached at 12 months of chemotherapy. About 26% of the patients developed high blood pressure and 14% experienced hyperglycemias without meeting diabetes criteria. There was a significant decrease of HBA1c levels between the beginning and the end of therapy (p<0.0001). Conclusions Increase of body mass index in our ALL pediatric patients occurred during the first months of therapy and plateaued after a year of treatment. We should target this population for early obesity prevention. HbA1c levels measured during therapy did not reveal diabetes criteria. Hence, fasting blood glucose levels are sufficient to monitor ALL pediatric patients’ glycemia.

Abstract 17853: Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPKα) by AICAR Attenuates Klotho Deficiency-induced Endothelial Dysfunction, Arterial Stiffening and Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lin ◽  
Zhongjie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Background: Arterial stiffening and hypertension are progressive aging-related disorders. Klotho (KL) is a recently-discovered anti-aging gene but its role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening and hypertension is not fully understood. Methods and Results: Heterozygous Klotho deficiency ( KL +/- ) mice and WT littermate mice were fed on high fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND). Plasma KL in KL heterozygeous mice (+/-) is about a half of that of the WT mice. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffening, was increased in KL +/- mice but not in WT mice fed on HFD for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and blood glucose levels were increased earlier with greater magnitudes in KL +/- mice than in WT mice fed on HFD. Notably, protein expression of collagen I, Runx2, and TGFβ1 were increased but protein expression of phosphorylated AMPKα (pAMPKα), phosphorylated eNOS (peNOS), and Mn-SOD were decreased in aortas of KL +/- mice fed on HFD for 5 weeks. Interestingly, daily injection of AICAR, an activator of AMPK, abolished the increases in PWV, blood pressure, and blood glucose in KL +/- mice fed on HFD. AICAR not only abolished the downregulation of pAMPKα, peNOS, and Mn-SOD levels but also attenuated the increased levels of collagen I, Runx2, TGFβ1 and superoxide, elastic lamellae breaks, and calcification in aortas in KL +/- mice fed on HFD. Conclusions: Klohto deficiency promotes HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening and hypertension. The promoting effects of klotho deficiency on arterial stiffening may be due to downregulation of endothelial AMPKα activity.

scholarly journals Chronotopic and blood pressure response to oral glucose load in chagas' disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Guariento ◽  
Elza Olga ◽  
Ana Muscelli ◽  
José Antonio Rocha Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Insulin Activity

Cardiac chronotropic and pressor responses after an oral load of glucose were assessed in sixteen Chagasic subjects and 28 controls by means of blood pressure and pulse rate measurements. Cardiovascular response was correlated with serum insulin and glucose levels. The experiment identified a subgroup of Chagasic subjects (n=8) with a hypoinsulinemic behavior presenting less chronotropic and pressor responses than controls. This may indicate a lower insulin activity and/or an early Autonomic Nervous System dysfunction in this subgroup.

scholarly journals Leptin G-2548A Gene Polymorphism is Positively Associated with Increased Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective Status of Blood Pressure    

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lep Gene ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Saudi Patients

Abstract The association between LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism with increased plasma leptin and glucose levels and blood pressure in a sample of obese Saudi patients has been evaluated. This is a cross-sectional study involved 206 Saudi adult subjects (94 males and 112 females), randomly selected from the primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was categorized into three groups: 50 normotensive ND controls (age: 47.9±5.4 yr.; BMI 22.9±2.1 Kg/m2), 80 obese normotensive ND (age: 47.7±6.0 yr.; BMI 34.1±4.2 Kg/m2) and 76 obese hypertensive with T2D patients (age: 49.4±5.9 yr.; BMI: 35.1±4.7 Kg/m2). Analyses of LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 2U of HhaI restriction enzyme. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were measured using the Luminex instrument. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer Konelab machine. Also, blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured. The association analysis with metabolic parameters showed that homozygous AA of the LEP gene had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR compared with homozygous GG (6.8±0.55 vs. 5.8±0.30; p< 0.04; 4.1±0.84 vs. 2.6±0.67; p=0.03) respectively. Besides, heterozygous GA had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with homozygous GG (40.0±2.6 vs. 29.6±2.6; P= 0.04). GA, AA, GA+AA genotypes of the LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism are more prevalent among individuals with hyperglycemia (OR= 3.7, 95% CI= 1.6 to 8.4, P= 0.001; OR= 3.2, 95% CI= 1.2 to 8.6, P= 0.03; OR= 3.5, 95%CI= 1.6 to 7.7, P= 0.001) respectively. A allele of the LEP gene is more prevalent among subjects with hyperglycemia (OR= 1.9, 95%CI= 1.2 to 3.0, P=0.006). G-2548A variant of the LEP gene may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for hypertension in Saudi obese patients. However, the genotypes (GA and AA) and -2548AA allele of this gene may represent important risk factors predisposing healthy subjects to develop T2DM irrespective of the status of blood pressure.

scholarly journals Are Vaspin and Omentin-1 Related to Insulin Resistance, Blood Pressure and Inflammation in NAFLD Patients?

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Aliasghari ◽  
Azimeh Izadi ◽  
Masoumeh Jabbari ◽  
Bahareh Imani ◽  
Bahram Pourghassem Gargari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Hs Crp

Summary Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance, is the most common cause of chronic liver. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Vaspin and omentin-1 in the NAFLD-related pathology including IR, inflammation and elevated blood pressure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 83 NAFLD patients in Jahrom, Iran. Plasma levels of omentin-1, Vaspin, hs-CRP and IL-6 were measured. Anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, liver enzymes as well as abdominal ultrasonography were assessed. Results: Partial correlations controlling for age and sex showed significant positive correlation between Vaspin and fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP. It has been observed that omentin negatively correlated with glucose levels. Moreover, a marginally significant association has been found between Omentin levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusions: This study shows that Vaspin and Omentin-1 are associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and serum glucose levels in patients with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Metabolic side effects of clozapine in patients at south ceredigion community mental health team

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S345-S345
Author(s):  
Harish Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Level ◽  
Waist Size ◽  
Patients At Risk

AimsThe aim of the audit was to identify patients at risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome who are on Clozapine in the community. Anyone who has three of following attributes has Metabolic Syndrome. A large waist size (greater than 40 inches in men or 35 inches in women) ,high blood pressure (130/85 mm Hg or higher) ,high triglycerides — a form of fat in the blood (150 mg/dL or higher) ,high blood sugar (a fasting level of 100 mg/dL or higher).Patients receiving should be regularly monitored under clinical review particularly in relation to side effects of the drug and maintain minimum standards of review both physically and clinical investigations once a year .BackgroundTo measure the screening of central obesity, Blood Pressure, serum glucose levels and lipid profile in last one year.MethodData were collected from Blood results and electronic entries of patients who are on Clozapine in South Ceredigion Community Mental Team. There were 31 patients of which 20 were male and 11 were female patients. The age range was 31–66 years and average was 46 years.Result52% of the patients had obesity,34 % with Hypertension,50 %Dyslipidaemia and 43 % had Increased glucose tolerance. 80 % were only on clozapine,3% were on combined Amisulpride, 10% on combined on Ariprazole, 3 % on combined Quetiapine.ConclusionTreatment of causes like making changing lifestyle changes, weigh reduction using health diet and to include regular physical activity. Reduce Abdominal Obesity and in possible provide nutritional intervention.

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