Heart and aorta morphology of the deep-diving hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2030-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M Drabek ◽  
Jennifer M Burns
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
The Right

An investigation of the heart morphology of 8 male and 15 female hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) revealed that the heart is proportionately large and the aortic bulb is larger than that reported for most seals. Hooded seals of all ages have large hearts (0.64% of the body mass) and the right ventricle is proportionately longer and more muscular than reported for other seals. The bulb of the ascending aorta shows the large-diameter characteristic of seals capable of making long deep dives, and is constricted to a diameter of less than one-third in the descending aorta. In addition, the ascending aorta has a much greater concentration of elastin fibers than does the descending aorta. In combination with the large right ventricle, these features probably serve to increase lung perfusion during the hooded seal's surface recovery, and to maintain a high blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle during diving bradycardia. That there was no substantive difference in the heart morphology of pups, yearlings, and adults, suggests that these features are important in the development of diving behavior, and agrees with the rapid behavioral and physiological development of hooded seal neonates.

External morphology of Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli): growth and sexual dimorphism

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Amano ◽  
Nobuyuki Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Phocoenoides Dalli

We studied development and sexual dimorphism in external measurements of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) from the northwestern North Pacific. Relative rates of increase in the measurements of the head and flipper decrease postnatally, while those of the flukes, dorsal fin, and girths in the posterior part of the body do not. Growth patterns of the flukes and increase in girth at the anus are different from those in other small odontocetes. This is considered to be related to the fast swimming and presumed deep diving behavior of Dall's porpoise. Growth rates of appendages decrease with time after birth, as in other cetaceans. Secondary sexual features of males appear in the dorsal fin, flukes, and girth at the anus; the flukes show more distinct sexual dimorphism than the dorsal fin.

scholarly journals Features of diagnostics and surgical treatment of right ventricular thrombosis complicated by pulmonary artery thromboembolism (clinical case)

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
R. M. Vitovsky ◽  
P. M. Semeniv ◽  
A. O. Rusnak ◽  
Y. R. Ivanov ◽  
V. F. Onischenko
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The case of differential diagnosis and treatment of a patient with pulmonary embolism (PE), the source of which was the thrombus formed in the right ventricle of the heart, is presented. The peculiarity of this case was the untimely diagnosis of the disease, which simulated pneumonia, the treatment of which did not improve the clinical condition of the patient. Tomography allowed to determine the thrombosis of the right branch of the pulmonary artery and to send the patient to the cardiac surgery center for further treatment. Diagnosis of a probable source of embolism occurred after echocardiography, which revealed a tumor-like lesion of the right ventricle of large size and dense consistency. The results of surgical treatment of the patient, during which extensive formation of the right ventricle was removed, a dense elastic consistency with signs of fragmentation confirmed the prediction of this particular source of pulmonary embolism. Removal of blood clots from the right branch of the pulmonary embolism showed their similar macrostructure with right ventricular formation. The appearance and macrostructure of the formation did not allow to determine with certainty its character. Only histological examination was able to determine the thrombogenicity of the origin of this formation. The recurrent nature of pneumonia, without the presence of risk factors, in young patients may be the basis for more thorough examination to identify atypical clinical conditions. The restoration of the source of the body is of great importancefor the prevention of its relapse. Finding the source of pulmonary embolism should necessarily include echocardiography to carefully examine possible lesions of intracardiac structures with the formation of blood clots that may be responsible for its occurrence.

ARCH Replacement in Acute Aortic Dissection Type a in Normothermia

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Stiru ◽  
Roxana Carmen Geana ◽  
Adrian Tulin ◽  
Raluca Gabriela Ioan ◽  
Victor Pavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Acute Aortic Dissection ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Type A ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aortic Dissection Type A

The purpose of this case presentation is to present a simplified surgical technique when in a patient with acute aortic dissection type A (AAD), aortic arch, and ascending aorta is completely replaced without circulatory arrest. A 67-year old male was presented in our institution with severe chest and back pain at 12 h after the onset of the symptoms. Imaging studies by 3D contrast-enhanced thoracic computed tomography (CT-scan) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed ascending aortic dissection towards the aortic arch, which was extending in the proximal descending aorta. We practiced emergency median sternotomy and established cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) between the right atrium and the right femoral artery with successive cross-clamping of the ascending and descending aorta below the origin of the left subclavian artery (LSA). In normothermic condition without circulatory arrest and with antegrade cerebral perfusion, we replaced the ascending aorta and aortic arch with a four branched Dacron graft. Patient evolution was uneventful, and he was discharged, after fourteen days from the hospital. At a one-year follow-up, 3D CT-scan showed no residual dissection with a well-circulated lumen of the supra-aortic arteries. Using the described surgical approach, CPB was not interrupted, the brain was protected, and hypothermia was no used. This approach made these surgical procedures shorter, and known complications of hypothermia and circulatory arrest are avoided.Acute aortic dissection aortic type A, total arch replacement, normothermia

The Value of Dual-Source CT in the Diagnosis of Anomalous Origin of Pulmonary Artery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusen Feng ◽  
Pengcheng Ma ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Guifang Sun ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Diameter

Abstract Objective: This study is designed to explore the dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) imaging manifestations of the origin of three rare pulmonary artery abnormalities, and to improve the understanding and diagnosis of the disease.Methods: Collected 30 cases of patients diagnosed by DSCT with pulmonary artery abnormal origins, and retrospectively analyzed their imaging data and postoperative pathological data.Results: Among the 30 patients with abnormal pulmonary artery origin, 16 patients were with unilateral pulmonary artery absence (UAPA), 8 patients were with anomalous origin of unilateral pulmonary artery (AOPA), and 6 patients were left pulmonary artery suspension (LPAS). The diagnosis rate of DSCT is significantly higher than that of echocardiography. The results of DSCT imaging showed that the inner diameter of the ascending aorta, the aortic arch and the descending aorta of UAPA patients were significantly larger than those of LPAS patients (P<0.05). Compared with AOPA patients, the left pulmonary artery diameter, the ratio of the left main pulmonary artery diameter to the main pulmonary artery diameter, and ratio of the left main pulmonary artery diameter to the right main pulmonary artery diameter were significantly increased in UAPA patients (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ratio of the inner diameter of the ascending aorta to the descending aorta in patients with UAPA, AOPA and LPAS. Compared with UAPA patients, AOPA patients had no significant changes in the inner diameter of the main pulmonary artery, the inner diameter of the right main pulmonary artery, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the right main pulmonary artery to the main pulmonary artery.Conclusion: DSCT can be used to diagnose the origin of pulmonary artery abnormalities and distinguish its types.

Repair of Acute Ascending Aorta-Arch Dissection with Continuous Body Perfusion: A Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Novitzky ◽  
Edward G. Izzo ◽  
Mark J. Alkire ◽  
John C. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Organ Failure ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Continuous Body ◽  
Aortic Anastomosis ◽  
Femoral Line ◽  
The Right

An approach for the replacement of the distal ascending aorta-proximal arch and acute dissection is described. During the operation, the patient's entire body was continuously perfused, the aortic arch was excluded from the arterial circulation, and the aorta was not clamped at any time. To achieve continuous body perfusion, we independently cannulated the right axillary and the left femoral arteries. The right atrium was cannulated for systemic venous return, and the right radial artery was used for arterial blood pressure monitoring. The myocardium was protected with retrograde cardioplegia, and the body was protected with moderate hypothermia. Vascular clamps were placed to the proximal innominate, left carotid, and left subclavian arteries without discontinuing perfusion of the right axillary artery. A temporary clamp was applied to the femoral line, the aorta was transected, and a large Foley catheter was inserted through the true aortic lumen. The Foley bulb was positioned in the proximal descending thoracic aorta and distended with saline until the aortic blood return ceased. The femoral line clamp was removed from the cannula, and the entire body was perfused during the completion of the distal aortic anastomosis. At the completion of the anastomosis, the Foley bulb was slightly deflated. Once the inserted graft was filled with blood, a large vascular clamp was applied to the graft, and the previously placed clamps were removed from the arch branches. The femoral line was removed, and the body was perfused and rewarmed via the axillary cannulation. Following completion of the proximal graft-aortic anastomosis, the heart was reperfused, and all cannulas were removed in the usual fashion. Rapid recovery characterized the patient's initial postoperative course; however, multiple organ failure secondary to pump-induced inflammatory response followed. Aggressive medical management resulted in complete patient recovery. No neurologic deficits were observed, and the patient regained full cognitive function. This report describes a simple approach to facilitate repair of the aortic arch and minimize postoperative organ failure.

Calcifying fibrous tumour originating from the right cardiac ventricle in a child

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Zhang ◽  
Weida Zhang ◽  
Xiaowu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Cardiac Ventricle ◽  
The Right

AbstractCalcifying fibrous tumour is a rare benign fibrous lesion. It is paucicellular, with fibroblasts, dense collagenisation, psammomatous and dystrophic calcification, and patchy lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Calcifying fibrous tumour was first described in subcutaneous and deep soft tissues, and has been reported all over the body. However, calcifying fibrous tumour originating from the heart is extremely rare. This article describes the case of a giant calcifying fibrous tumour arising from the right ventricle in a child, where the tumour was totally resected and no recurrence was observed during a 4-year follow-up period.

scholarly journals The eyes of the deep diving hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) enhance sensitivity to ultraviolet light

Biology Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hogg ◽  
M. Neveu ◽  
L. Folkow ◽  
K.-A. Stokkan ◽  
J. Hoh Kam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Cystophora Cristata

scholarly journals Adaptive possibilities of the cardiovascular system in adolescents with non-inflammatory diseases of the myocardium, taking into account the functioning of the right ventricle of the heart

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
The Right ◽  
Minute Walk

Adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity implies the development of functional or structural changes that should ensure the most efficient and economical use of energy during muscular contraction. The most studied data reactions in individuals engaged in various sports. The aim of our study was to study the functional changes of the heart, taking into account the functioning of the right and left ventricles of the heart and the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system in children with non-inflammatory diseases of the myocardium. Were examined 62 patients with non-inflammatory myocardial diseases, whose mean age was 14.56 ± 0.24 years. The control group consisted of 41 practically healthy peers. The functional state of the myocardium was assessed according to the results of the ultrasonic Doppler study of the heart in the “M” and “B” - modes, as well as in the mode of constant-wave and color scanning with a convex sensor using the standard method. To study tolerance to the minimum physical activity and its influence on the state of the cardiovascular system in children, a six-minute walk test was conducted. To assess the functional intensity of the cardiovascular system before and after the six-minute walk test, the following vegetative indices were calculated: an endurance coefficient according to the formula A. Quaasa and a double product. The vegetative Kerdo index and adaptation potential were calculated at rest. As a result of the study, it was found that in children with myocardial pathology, stress is observed in the adaptation mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, accompanied by a weakening of its functional capabilities and an increase in the work of the cardiac muscle at rest. This happens against the background of a decrease in the functioning of the left ventricle and an increase in the functioning of the right ventricle of the heart. These changes are accompanied by activation of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system in patients in all the studied groups, which indicates a more economical mode of functioning of the body systems.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Gadofosveset Trisodium and Gadobenate Dimeglumine for Steady State MRA of the Thoracic Vasculature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Paul Camren ◽  
Gregory J. Wilson ◽  
Vikram R. Bamra ◽  
Khahn Q. Nguyen ◽  
Daniel S. Hippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Gadobenate Dimeglumine ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Gadofosveset Trisodium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left Pulmonary Vein ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Retrospective comparison between gadofosveset trisodium and gadobenate dimeglumine steady state magnetic resonance angiography (SS-MRA) of the thoracic vasculature at 1.5T using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and vessel edge sharpness (ES) as markers of image quality.Materials and Methods. IRB approval was obtained. Twenty separate patients each underwent SS-MRA using high-resolution 3D ECG-triggered coronal IR-TFE at 1.5T approximately 3-4 minutes following 10 or 15 mL gadofosveset or 20 mL gadobenate. ROIs were placed in the right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium, ascending aorta, descending aorta, and right pulmonary artery to estimate SNR. Vessel ES was estimated as 20–80% rise distances from line intensity profiles in the left pulmonary vein, ascending aorta, and descending aorta. Data were analyzed using nonpaired Student’st-test (threshold for significance set atP<0.05).Results. There was no significant difference in mean SNR for the gadofosveset or gadobenate groups (Pvalues: 0.14 to 0.85). There was no significant difference in mean vessel ES for gadofosveset and gadobenate groups (Pvalues: 0.17 to 0.78).Conclusion. High quality thoracic SS-MRA can be achieved with gadobenate dimeglumine, similar to that achieved with the blood pool agent gadofosveset trisodium provided that imaging is initiated quickly (3-4 min) after contrast injection.

BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE OF THE BODY OF WISTAR RATS OF BOTH SEXES WITH A MONOCROTALINE MODEL OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
N.L. Kolomeyets ◽  
◽  
O.V. Syslonova ◽  
S.L. Smirnova ◽  
I.M. Roshchevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Current ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance ◽  
The Right

The aim of the work was to study the bioelectric impedance of the body in rats of both genders with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Materials and methods. Multi-frequency bioimpedance studies of the body of rats of both genders were carried out one month after the administration of monocrotaline (dose of 60 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Results. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart was revealed in animals with experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension, with a significantly greater thickness of the free wall of the right ventricle in males compared to females. Significant influence of the interaction of the gender factor and the effect of monocrotaline on the indicators of the bioelectric impedance of the body (amplitude, ratio of resistances at low and high current frequencies) was shown using the method of analysis of variance. The body bioelectric impedance amplitudes, normalized to body length, were significantly lower in the male rats and higher in the female rats with experimental pulmonary hypertension compared to the control animals of the same gender. In the female rats with the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension, the ratio of the amplitudes of the bioelectric impedance of the body at low and high current frequencies was significantly lower than in the control animals. Conclusion. Changes in the body resistance of the rats with pulmonary hypertension indicate an inflammatory process. Gender differences in the changes in the bioelectrical impedance of the body indicate a more severe manifestation of pulmonary hypertension in the males.

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